EDEXCEL AS AND A LEVEL MATHEMATICS (PURE)

YEAR 1 - ALL CHAPTERS REVISION QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE.
chapter 1.1 - index laws: what is a base?

the number having the power applied to it

chapter 1.1 - index laws: what is an index, power or exponent?

the operation being applied to the base

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chapter 1.1 - index laws: what is the result when multiplying the same bases of different powers?

you add the powers

e.g a^m x a^n = a^m+n

chapter 1.1 - index laws: what is the result when dividing the same base of different powers?

you subtract the powers

e.g a^m / a^n = a^m-n

chapter 1.1 - index laws: what is the result when applying a power to a base with a power already?

you multiply the powers

e.g (a^m)^n = a^mn

chapter 1.1 - index laws: what is having two bases in a bracket with a power applied also equivelent
to?

the individual bases to the power on their own

e.g (ab)^n = (a^n)*b^n)

chapter 1.2 - expanding brackets: to find the product of two expressions, you....

...multiply each term in one expression by each term in the other expression

chapter 1.2 - expanding brackets: how do we expand brackets?

chapter 1.3 - factorising: what is a product of factors?

the multipliers used to achieve the final answer

chapter 1.3 - factorising: what is factorising?

the opposite of expanding brackets

chapter 1.3 - factorising: a quadratic expression has the form...

ax^2 + bx + c

where a, b and c are real values and a does not equal 0

chapter 1.3 - factorising: how do we factorise a quadratic expression?

- find two factors of ac that add up to b

- rewrite the b term as a sum of these rwo factors
- factorise each pair of terms
- take out the common factor

x^2 - y^2 = (x + y)(x - y)

chapter 1.4 - negative and fractional indices: indices can be....

negative numbers or fractions

chapter 1.4 - negative and fractional indices: what is the result of applying a fractional power with
numerator 1 to a base?
the denominator is the root power

e.g a^(1/m) = m[root]a

chapter 1.4 - negative and fractional indices: what is the result of applying a fractional power with
numerator n to a base?

the numerator is the power applied to the base and the denominator is the root power

e.g a^(n/m) = m[root]a^n

chapter 1.4 - negative and fractional indices: what is the result of applying a negative power to a
base?

the answer is the reciprocal of the base and power (excluding the negative)

e.g a^-m

chapter 1.4 - negative and fractional indices: what is the result of applying a power of 0 to a base?

the answer is 1

a^0 = 1

chapter 1.5 - surds: what is a surd?

if n is an interger that is not a square number, then any multiple of [root]n

e.g [root]2, [root]10, 5[root]2

chapter 1.5 - surds: surds are examples of....

irrational numbers

chapter 1.5 - surds: what is an irrational number?

the decimal expansion of a surd is never ending and never repeats

e.g [root]2 = 1.414213562....

chapter 1.5 - surds: what can surds be used for?

to write exact answers to calculations

chapter 1.5 - surds: what is the surd manipulation multiplication rule?

[root]ab = [root]a x [root]b

chapter 1.5 - surds: what is the surd manipulation division rule?

[root](a/b) = [root]a/[root]b

chapter 1.6 - rationalising denominators: if a fraction has a surd in the denominator, it is sometimes
useful to...
rearrange it so that the denominator is a rational number

this is called rationalising the denominator

chapter 1.6 - rationalising denominators: for fractions in the form 1/[root]a, we...

multiply the numerator and denominatorby [root]a

chapter 1.6 - rationalising denominators: for fractions in the form 1/(a + [root]b), we....

multiply the numerator and denominator by a - [root]b

chapter 1.6 - rationalising denominators: for fractions in the form 1/(a = [root]b), we...

multiply the numerator and denominator by a + [root]b

chapter 2.1 - solving quadratic equations: a quadratic equation can be written in the form....

ax^2 + bx" + c = 0

where a, b and c are real constants and a does not equal 0

chapter 2.1 - solving quadratic equations: quadratic equations can have _________________
solutions

one, two or no real solutions

chapter 2.1 - solving quadratic equations: to solve a quadratic equation by factorising...

- write the equation in the form of ax^2 + bx" + c = 0

- factorise the left-hand side
- set each factor equal to 0 and solve to find the values of x

chapter 2.1 - solving quadratic equations: sometimes, equations cannot be factorise easily. so the
quadratic formula is used.

the solutions to the equation ax^2 + bx" + c = 0 are given by the formula:

chapter 2.2 - completing the square: it is frequently useful to rewrite quadratic expressions by
completing the square.

the general formula is....

x^2 + bx = (x + b/2)^2 - (b/2)^2

chapter 2.2 - completing the square: as a quadratic, the general formula is...

ax^2 + bx + c = a(x + b/2a)^2 + (c - (b^2)/4a^2)

chapter 2.3 - functions: what is a function?

a mathematical relationship that maps each value of a set of inputs to a single output. the notation
f(x) is used to represent a function of x.

chapter 2.3 - functions: what is the domain?

the set of possible inputs for a function

chapter 2.3 - functions: what is the range?

the set of possible outputs for a function

chapter 2.3 - functions: what is the roots of a function?

the values of x for which f(x) = 0

chapter 2.4 - quadratic graphs: when f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, the graph of y = f(x) has a curved shape
called a....

parabola

chapter 2.4 - quadratic graphs: when drawing f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, what can be determined from the
coefficent of x^2?

the overall shape of the graph

chapter 2.4 - quadratic graphs: when drawing f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, if a is positive, the parabola will
be...

a u-shape

chapter 2.4 - quadratic graphs: when drawing f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, if a is negative, the parabola will
be...

an n-shape

chapter 2.4 - quadratic graphs: when drawing f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, the graph crosses the y-axis
when...

x=0

the y coordinate is equal to c

chapter 2.4 - quadratic graphs: when drawing f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, the graph crosses the x-axis
when...

y=0

the x-coordinates are the roots of the graph

chapter 2.4 - quadratic graphs: you can find the co-ordinates of a quadratic graph by...

completing the square

if f(x) = a(x + p)^2 + q, the graph of y = f(x) has a turning point at (-p, q).

chapter 2.5 - the discriminant: if you square any real number, the result is always greater than 0.
this makes negative roots cannot be real numbers.

for quadratic functions in the form f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, the expression b^2 - 4ac is called...

the discriminant

chapter 2.5 - the discriminant: the value of the discriminant shows how many roots f(x) has:

if b^2 - 4ac > 0, then...

f(x) has two distinct roots

chapter 2.5 - the discriminant: the value of the discriminant shows how many roots f(x) has:

if b^2 - 4ac = 0, then...

f(x) has one repeated root

chapter 2.5 - the discriminant: the value of the discriminant shows how many roots f(x) has:

if b^2 - 4ac < 0, then...

f(x) has no real root

chapter 2.6 - modelling with quadratics: a mathematical model is a mathematical descrition of a

real life situation. mathematical models use the language and tools of mathematics to represent and
explore real life patterns and relationships, and to predict what will happen next.

models can be...

...complicated or simple, and their results can be exact or approximate. sometimes a model is only
valid under certain circumstances, or for a limited range of inputs. you will learn more about how
models involve simplifications and assumptions in stats and mechanics

quadratic functions can be used to model and explore a range of practical contexts, includinf
projectile motion

chapter 3.1 - equations and inequalities: linear simultaneous equations in two unknowns have
______set of values that will make a pair of equations true at the same time

one

chapter 3.1 - linear simultaneous equations: linear simultaneous equations can be solved by...

elimination or substitution

chapter 3.2 - quadratic simultaneous equations: to solve a linear and quadratic simultaneous
equation, you can...

rearrange the linear to make a single subject term to be substituted into the quadratic

chapter 3.2 - quadratic simultaneous equations: simultaneous equations with a linear and a
quadratic can have up to ____ pairs of solutions

two

chapter 3.3 - simultaneous equations on graphs: how can we find the point on a graph that satisfies
both equations?

find the point of intersection

chapter 3.3 - simultaneous equations on graphs: the graph of a linear and quadratic equation can
either

- intersect twice
- intersect once
- not intersect at all

chapter 3.3 - simultaneous equations on graphs: after substituting, you can use the discriminant
of...
...the resulting quadratic equation to determine the number of intersections

chapter 3.3 - simultaneous equations on graphs: for a pair of simultaneous equations that produce
a quadratic equation in the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0:

what is the discriminant for two real solutions?

b^2 + 4ac > 0

chapter 3.3 - simultaneous equations on graphs: for a pair of simultaneous equations that produce
a quadratic equation in the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0:

what is the discriminant for one real solutions?

b^2 + 4ac = 0

chapter 3.3 - simultaneous equations on graphs: for a pair of simultaneous equations that produce
a quadratic equation in the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0:

what is the discriminant for no real solutions?

b^2 + 4ac = 0

chapter 3.4 - linear inequalities: the solution of an inquality is...

...the set of all real numbers x that make the inequality true

chapter 3.4 - linear inequalities: you may sometimes need to find the set of values for which two
inequalities are true together. number lines can be useful to find your solution

what image shows the use of inequality number lines?

in the image shows the inequality numberlines

chapter 3.5 - quadratic inequalities: to solve a quadratic inequality:

- rearrange to make it all equal 0

- solve the corresponding quadratic equation to find the critical values
- sketch the graph of the quadratic function
- use your sketch to find the required set of values
chapter 3.5 - quadratic inequalities: in the case of

ax^2 + bx + c > 0...

the solutions are above the x-axis

chapter 3.5 - quadratic inequalities: in the case of

ax^2 + bx + c < 0...

the solutions are below the x-axis

chapter 3.6 - inequalities on graphs: the values of x for which the curve y=f(x) is below the curve y =
g(x) satisfy the inequality...

f(x) < g(x)

chapter 3.6 - inequalities on graphs: the values of x for which the curve y=f(x) is above the curve y =
g(x) satisfy the inequality...

f(x) > g(x)

chapter 3.7 - regions: y < f(x) represents the points on the coordinate grid....

below the curve y = f(x)

chapter 3.7 - regions: y > f(x) represents the points on the coordinate grid...

above the curve y = f(x)

chapter 3.7 - regions: if y>f(x) or y<f(x), then the curve y=f(x) is...

not included in the region and is represented by a dotted line.

chapter 3.7 - regions: if y(>/=)f(x) or y(</=)f(x), then the curve y=f(x) is...

included in the region and is represented by a solid line

chapter 4.1 - cubic graphs: a cubic function has the form...

ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d

with a, b, c and d are real numbers and a is non-zero

chapter 4.1 - cubic graphs: what is the general shape of a cubic graph?

chapter 4.1 - cubic graphs: if p is a root of the function f(x), then the graph of y = f(x)...

touches or crosses the x-axis at the point (p,0)

chapter 4.2 - quartic graphs: a quartic function has the form...

ax^4 + bx^3 + cx^2 + dx + e

where a, b, c, d, and e are real numbers and a is non-zero

chapter 4.2 - quartic graphs: what is the general shape of a quartic graph?

chapter 4.3 - reciprocal graphs: you can sketch graphs of reciprocal functions such as y = 1/y, y =
1/x^2, and y = -2/x by considering asymptotes.

the graphs of y = k/x and y = k/x^2 where k is a real constant, have asymptotes at...

x = 0 and y = 0

chapter 4.3 - reciprocal graphs: what do the asymptote graphs look like?

chapter 4.4 - points of intersection: the x-coordinates at the points of intersetion of the curves with
equations y = f(x) and y = g(x) are the solution to the equation...

f(x) = g(x)

chapter 4.5 - translating graphs: