Unit 1 : A Perks and benefits.

Lesson 33 What perks or benefits would you like to have in your job?

Read and listen to the conversation below, What are some of the perks and
benefits offered by the new company that Daniel and Lucy joined?

Sarah: Hey, John! Have you heard about the new company Daniel and Lucy joined?

John: Yeah, I have! I heard they offer amazing perks and benefits to their employees. Do you

think Lucy will keep her work routine?

Sarah: Absolutely, Lucy is an early bird. She's at the office by 7:30 a.m. sharp. She loves

starting her day early.

John: That's impressive! And what about Daniel, the backend developer? When does he

usually arrive?

Sarah: Daniel is more flexible. He gets to the office around 9:00 a.m. He believes in work-life

balance.

John: Great! Do you know about their lunch break? How long is it?

Sarah: They have a one-hour lunch break from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. It gives them time to

recharge and refuel.

John: I heard the company provides additional benefits like a retirement plan (401K), health

insurance, and parental leave. But what time does their workday end?

Sarah: The regular workday ends at 5:00 p.m. for most employees, including Daniel and Lucy.

But they sometimes stay longer for important projects or meetings.

John: I see. Are there any other perks or benefits the company offers?

Sarah: Definitely! The company values employee well-being. They have an on-site gym open

until 8:00 p.m. and organize team-building events and social activities on Fridays starting at

6:00 p.m.

John: That's impressive! It's clear why Daniel and Lucy were excited to join the company. I'll

talk to them to see if they are still hiring.

1
Read the Industrial Illusions Ltd. perk schedule and answer the questions below.

Activity Day Time Duration

Yoga Class Monday 8:00 a.m. - 9:00 a.m. 1 hour

Game Night Tuesday 6:15 p.m. - 8:15 p.m. 2 hours

Book club Wednesday 12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m. 1 hour

Team Building Thursday 3:25 p.m. - 5:25 p.m. 2 hours

Fitness Bootcamp Friday 5:30 p.m. - 6:30 p.m. 1 hour

Choose the correct answer for each question below, and use the chart above to
help you.

1. When is the Yoga Class? 2. What is the duration of the Game Night?
a) Monday a) 1 hour
b) Thursday b) 2 hours
c) Wednesday c) 3 hours
d) Thursday d) 4 hours
e) Friday e) 5 hours

3. How long does the Team Building activity 4. At what time does the Fitness Bootcamp start?
last? a) 7:00 a.m.
a) 1 hour b) 8:00 a.m.
b) 2 hours c) 5:30 p.m.
c) 3 hours d) 6:30 p.m.
d) 4 hours e) 7:30 p.m.
e) 5 hours

5. Which activity is scheduled for Thursday?

a) Yoga Class
b) Game Night
c) Lunch and Learn
d) Team Building
e) Fitness Bootcamp

2
Grammar

How to ask and tell the time.

You can ask about the time in two ways. Notice how we use the verb be to ask about the current
time, and we use the auxiliary verb do or does and another verb to ask when something happens.

Right now When something happens

Use the question What time and the verb be in When we ask for the time something happens, we
present to ask about the current time. need to use that action as the verb.

● ‘Excuse me, what time is it? ● What time does the office open?

You can ask about the time anywhere in the Don’t forget to use the correct auxiliary verb
world by using the preposition in. according to the subject.

● What time is it in Bolivia? ● What time do you clock out?

It’s 2 o’clock. 2:00 At three forty-five. 3:45

It's eight oh-eight 8:08 At four fifteen 4:15

It’s two-fifty. 2:50 At one thirty. 1:30

It's midnight, 12:00 am At noon, 12:00 pm

The prepositions at, in, and on are associated with specific time categories.

Prepositions Examples

At ● See you at 7:00 am for the stand-up.

We use At for clock times, exact times of day, ● The CFO will arrive at noon.
night, and holiday periods

In ● I will take some PTOs in June.

We use In for months, years, ● I have a meeting in the afternoon.
morning/afternoon/evening, seasons, ● The first computer was invented in 1822.
centuries, and eras

On ● Let's go to the office on Tuesday.

We use On for days, dates, holidays, and ● I won't work on my birthday.
weekends.

3
Take a look at Abeer’s schedule. Check the vocabulary with your teacher, after
that respond the questions that follow with information from the chart.

Time Task Description

8:00 - Check emails and Review and respond to any urgent emails or messages that
messages require immediate attention.
8:30 am

Front-end coding Work on coding tasks related to the front-end of a website or

8:30 - 10:00 am application, such as designing and developing user
interfaces, implementing designs, or writing HTML, CSS and
JavaScript code.

10:00 - 10:15 am Break Take a short break to rest and recharge

Collaborate with Collaborate with other team members, such as back-end

10: 15 - 11:30 am team developers, designers, or project managers, to discuss
project progress, resolve any issues, or provide feedback on
each other's work

Testing and Test and debug code to ensure that it is working correctly
11:30 - 12:30 pm debugging and fix any issues or bugs that arise during testing.

12:30 - 1:30 pm Lunch Take a break and have lunch.

Research and Use this time to research new technologies, tools, or

1:30 pm - 2:30 learning techniques related to front-end development, or to
pm participate in online training courses or webinars to improve
skills and knowledge.

2:30 - 4:00 pm Front-end coding Continue with front-end coding task, such as implementing
new features, improving existing code, or addressing any
feedback or suggestions from team members.

4:00 - 4:15 pm Break Take a short break to rest and recharge.

4:15 - 5:30 pm Code review and Review code written by other team members, provide
documentation feedback, and update documentation or comments as
needed.

5:30- 6:00 pm Wrap-up Wrap up the day by reviewing progress, planning tasks for
the next day, and preparing any necessary reports or
updates for project managers or other stakeholders.

4
 1. What is the task scheduled between 2. What is the purpose of the break scheduled
8:30 am and 10:00 am? from 10:00 am to 10:15 am?
a) Check emails and messages a) Review progress
b) Front-end coding b) Collaborate with team
c) Collaborate with team c) Test and debug code
d) Testing and debugging d) Rest and recharge

3. What time is research and learning 4. What is the task scheduled between 2:30 pm
scheduled? and 4:00 pm?
a) 8:30 - 10:00 am a) Break
b) 10:15 - 11:30 am b) Code review and documentation
c) 1:30 - 2:30 pm c) Front-end coding
d) 4:15 - 5:30 pm d) Wrap-up

5. When is lunch scheduled? 6. What is the task scheduled between 4:15 pm

a) 10:00 - 10:15 am and 5:30 pm?
b) 12:30 - 1:30 pm a) Wrap-up
c) 1:30 - 2:30 pm b) Front-end coding
d) 4:00 - 4:15 pm c) Testing and debugging
d) Code review and documentation

7. What is the purpose of the wrap-up 8. Which task is scheduled first in the day?
task? a) Check emails and messages
a) Respond to urgent emails b) Front-end coding
b) Review progress and plan tasks for c) Collaborate with team
the next day d) Testing and debugging
c) Collaborate with team members
d) Test and debug code

9. During which time slot is testing and 10. When is the task of collaborating with the
debugging scheduled? team scheduled?
a) 8:00 - 8:30 am a) 8:30 - 10:00 am
b) 10:00 - 10:15 am b) 10:15 - 11:30 am
c) 11:30 - 12:30 pm c) 2:30 - 4:00 pm
d) 4:15 - 5:30 pm d) 5:30 - 6:00 pm

Wrap up

1. What perks do you enjoy the most about working remotely?

2. Have you noticed any consequences of working remotely, compared to working in an
office environment?
3. Do you think the flexibility of working remotely helps you be more productive?
4. Some companies offer extra benefits to remote employees, such as a stipend for
setting up a home office. Does your company offer anything like this?
5. How do you maintain a healthy work-life balance while working remotely? Do you have
any tips to share

5
Unit 1 : B I usually work from home.
Lesson 34 Are there any specific days of the week when you typically work .
. from home?

Read and listen to the following conversation between two employees. What
is Daniel's role? What does Sophia do as a Scrum Master?

Daniel: Hey, Sophia! I usually see you around, but we never chatted before.

Sophia: Hi, Daniel! You're right, we crossed paths but never had a proper conversation. I'm
doing well, thanks. How about you?

Daniel: Generally, I'm fine. Sometimes, I feel overwhelmed with deadlines, but overall, I can't
complain. By the way, is coordinating teams a usual part of your role as a Scrum Master?

Sophia: Absolutely! As a Scrum Master, I usually juggle tasks and collaborate with different
teams. I plan Sprints and make sure the Agile method is followed. However, things calm down
at the end of a Sprint.

Daniel: That sounds challenging but exciting! Do you frequently encounter obstacles in your
work?

Sophia: Sometimes, yes. Occasionally, I face challenges when teams struggle with priorities.
But I try my best to resolve conflicts and find solutions. It's part of the job.

Daniel: Do you usually work closely with developers like me?

Sophia: Absolutely! Collaboration between Scrum Masters and developers is essential. I

frequently engage with developers to ensure clarity in user stories, address impediments, and
keep the development process smooth. It's a team effort!

Daniel: That's great to hear. I appreciate your support to make our work more efficient. By the
way, do you often attend tech conferences or workshops?

Sophia: Yes, definitely! I sometimes attend conferences and workshops to stay updated with
the latest trends in software development and Agile practices. They help refine my skills as a
Scrum Master.

Write the missing word using the conversation above to help you.

1. Daniel: Hey, Sophia! I ________________ see you around, but we never chatted before.
2. Daniel: Generally, I'm fine. ________________, I feel overwhelmed with deadlines, but
overall, I can't complain.
3. Sophia: As a Scrum Master, I ________________ juggle tasks and collaborate with
different teams.
4. Sophia: Sometimes, yes. ________________, I face challenges when teams struggle
with priorities.
5. Sophia: Yes, definitely! I ________________ attend conferences and workshops to stay
updated with the latest trends in software development and Agile practices.

1
Grammar

Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency are words that indicate how often an action or event occurs. They provide
information about the frequency or repetition of an activity.

Grammar:
Subject + adverb of frequency + verb Example: Marcos always arrives late to the stand-up.

Subject + be + adverb of frequency Example: Marcos is always late to the stand-up.

Frequency Adverb of frequency Example:

100% always ● Developers always strive to write

clean and efficient code.
● Scrum Masters always facilitate
communication.

90% usually ● UX/UI designers usually do user

research.
● Developers usually participate in
code reviews.

80% normally / generally ● Back-end developers generally work

closely with databases and
server-side technologies.

70% often* / frequently ● UX/UI designers often iterate on their

designs.

50% sometimes ● Developers sometimes encounter

challenging bugs.

30% occasionally ● Front-end developers occasionally

attend design meetings.

10% seldom ● Project managers seldom

micromanage team members.

5% hardly ever / rarely ● CFOs hardly ever get involved in

day-to-day coding activities.

0% never ● CEOs never lose sight of the

company's mission and vision.

2
Use the table above to help you. Match the percentage with the correct
frequency adverb.

Percentage Adverbs of Frequency

100% Back-end developers hardly ever interact directly with clients.

70% Front-end developers sometimes work with specialized design

teams.

50% Project managers often oversee the entire development process.

5% CFOs are always involved in financial planning.

0% CEOs never engage in hands-on coding or development work.

Complete the sentences with a frequency adverb there may be more than one
correct answer. Discuss your choice with a partner.

1. We ________ have team meetings to discuss project updates.

2. Developers ________ encounter bugs that need to be fixed.
3. The tech support team ________ receives customer questions.
4. I ________ attend training sessions to improve my technical skills.
5. The design team ________ collaborates with developers to create interfaces.
6. Our QA team ________ tests software regularly.
7. The IT department ________ performs routine maintenance on servers.
8. We ________ update our project management tools.
9. Our data analysts ________ analyze large datasets.
10. Employees ________ attend industry conferences to stay updated with the latest trends.
11. Our security team ________ conducts regular inspections to find vulnerabilities.
12. The marketing team ________ prepares content for social media platforms to promote our
products.
13. We ________ receive feedback from users to improve our software.
14. The research and development team ________ explores new technologies.
15. The HR department ________ organizes team-building activities.
16. Our project managers ________ monitor project timelines..

Write two sentences using frequency adverbs.

Example: I am always studying a new programming language.

1. ____________________________________________________.
2. ____________________________________________________.

3
Wrap up

1. How often do you collaborate with other teams or departments in the company?
2. What types of technical challenges do you encounter frequently in your role?
3. Do you usually attend industry conferences or workshops to stay updated with the
latest trends and technologies?
4. How often do you participate in code reviews or peer programming sessions with your
colleagues?
5. What activities do you find yourself doing regularly to improve your technical skills and
stay ahead in the field?

4
 Unit 1 : C I missed the stand-up meeting.
Lesson 35 When is the best time for a stand-up meeting (daily meeting)?
How do you get ready for a stand-up?

Listen to the conversation below. What happened to one of the software

developers in the stand-up meeting and how did they handle the situation?”

Jacob: Hey, I noticed you weren't in the stand-up meeting this morning. Did something come
up?
Daniel: Yeah, sorry about that. I overslept and missed my alarm.
Jacob: Ah, I see. Did you catch up on what you missed?
Daniel: Yeah, I reviewed the notes from the meeting and checked in with a few colleagues
afterward to make sure I didn't miss anything important.
Jacob: That's good. Has anyone else mentioned your absence?
Daniel: No, I don't think so. I made sure to update my status on the board before starting my
work.
Jacob: Got it. Well, just make sure to set an extra alarm for tomorrow's meeting.
Daniel: Definitely. I can't afford to miss any more meetings.
Jacob: Yeah, it's important to stay on top of things. Did you get a chance to finish that bug fix
you were working on?
Daniel: Yeah, I finally managed to resolve the issue. It was a simple syntax error, but it took me
a while to spot it.
Jacob: I know the feeling. I spent half a day debugging a similar issue last week.
Daniel: Yeah, it can be frustrating, but it's always a relief when you finally find the problem.
Jacob: Definitely. Well, let's grab some coffee and catch up on what we missed in the
meeting.

Match the following questions to their appropriate answers, and use the
conversation above to help you.

Questions Possible answers

1. Why did Daniel miss the stand-up meeting? 1. They will grab a coffee and catch up on what
2. Did Daniel catch up on what was discussed in they missed in the meeting.
the meeting? 2. Jacob suggested setting an extra alarm for
3. Did anyone mention Daniel's absence during tomorrow's meeting.
the meeting? 3. Daniel overslept and missed his alarm.
4. What did Daniel do to ensure his colleagues 4. Daniel reviewed the notes from the meeting and
were aware of his status? checked in with colleagues.
5. What did Jacob suggest Daniel do for 5. No, nobody mentioned Daniel's absence during
tomorrow's meeting? the meeting.
6. Was Daniel able to finish the bug fix he was 6. Yes, Daniel was able to finish the bug fix he was
working on? working on.
7. What type of error did Daniel discover? 7. Daniel discovered a simple syntax error.
8. What will Jacob and Daniel do after their 8. Daniel updated his status on the board before
conversation? starting work.

1
Grammar

The past simple-regular verbs

The past simple tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past. For regular verbs, the past
simple is formed by adding -ed to the base form of the verb. It is often used with pastime references
(e.g. yesterday, two years ago).

Type: Use: Examples:

Positive To say something is 1. The backend developers tested the new API and it
finished. worked flawlessly.
2. He coded the backend logic for the shopping cart
Subject + verb -ed + feature in a day.
complement. 3. The front-end developer created a beautiful
website design that impressed everyone.
4. She optimized the website's front-end
performance by compressing images and
minifying CSS files.
5. The UX/UI team conducted user tests and
received valuable feedback from the participants.
6. They designed an elegant and intuitive interface
that users found easy to navigate.

Other verbs:

Created / Debugged / Deployed / Documented / Integrated / Updated / Migrated / Fixed / Optimized

/Released / Designed / Implemented / Configured / Deployed / Synchronized

Note: When the verb in base form ends in a /t/ or /d/ sound, the -ED is pronounced /id/. When the
verb ends in a /b/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /v/ or /z/ sound, the -ED is pronounced /d/ And when the verb
ends in a voiceless sound such as /p/, /f/ or /sh/ the -ED is pronounced /d/.

Negative Use the auxiliary verb 1. The backend developers didn't implement the
didn’t and the verb in new feature because it seemed too risky.
base form for all subjects 2. He didn't refactor the backend code despite the
warnings.
Subject + didn’t + verb in 3. The front-end developer didn't finish the project
base form + complement on time due to unforeseen circumstances.
4. She didn't optimize the website's front end
because she was unaware of its importance.
5. The UX/UI team didn't consider the accessibility
requirements during the design phase.
6. They didn't conduct user tests on the prototype,
which resulted in a suboptimal user experience.

2
Use the cues in parentheses to complete the sentence in past tense. Practice
out loud, focusing on the pronunciation of /ED/. Use didn’t when necessary.

1. Yesterday, the tech student _____ (learn) a new programming language.

2. The software engineer _____ (install) the latest updates on all the computers.
3. The IT team _____ (solve) the network connectivity issue quickly.
4. They _____ (not upgrade) the server's hardware yet.
5. He _____ (not backup) the database regularly.
6. He _____ (create) a backup of the important files before formatting the hard drive.
7. She _____ (update) the website's content with the latest information.
8. The programmer _____ (fix) the bug that was causing the application to crash.
9. They _____ (send) a detailed report to the project manager.
10. The developer _____ (write) clean and efficient code for the new feature.
11. Yesterday, they _____ (test) the software thoroughly to ensure its stability.
12. The IT team _____ (not solve) the ticket yet.
13. She _____ (not receive) an award for her contribution to the IT department.
14. The team _____ (not complete) the project on time.

Wrap up.

1. What was the last programming language you learned, and how did you practice it?
2. When did you last encounter a bug in your code that took a while to fix? How did you finally
solve it?
3. What was the most difficult project you worked on, and how did you manage to complete
it successfully?
4. What coding skills did you find difficult to learn, and how did you apply them in your work
or personal projects?

3
Unit 2 : A What went wrong
Lesson 36 What problems do you face at work? Do you ask for help?
What do you do when you need to help someone in trouble?

Listen and read the following conversation between Daniel and Gabrielle, a
developer and a designer. They are talking about their weekend. What did
Gabrielle do on Sunday evening? What did Jacob do?

Jacob: Hey Gabriel, how was your weekend? Did you do anything interesting?

Gabrielle: Great! I went hiking with friends on Saturday. I climbed a mountain and got a
beautiful view. And what about you?

Jacob: Awesome! I watched some movies at home on Saturday.

Gabrielle: Which one did you watch?.

Jacob: I saw "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy, it's my favorite series. I love to see how they beat
the bad guys.

Gabrielle: Nice! Classic movies. And what about your Sunday?

Jacob: Well, on Sunday, I swung by my grandparent's house in the countryside. It was so

peaceful. And you?

Gabrielle: Sounds lovely. Well, my Sunday evening was cool, I heard a rock concert. The
atmosphere was amazing.

Jacob: Fun! But let's get real, did you finish your tasks?

Gabrielle: No, unfortunately, I ran into a problem. I couldn't finish the new design.

Jacob: Oh, really? I thought you were good at that. What happened?

Gabriel: Well, the client keeps changing the requirements. They make it difficult
for me to deliver satisfactory designs.

Jacob: That's frustrating.

Gabrielle: Yes it is, and did you finish your tasks?

Jacob: You know it, I am the coding champion.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expression found in the conversation.

1. Gabrielle: Great! I __________ hiking with friends on Saturday.

2. Jacob: I __________ "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy, it's my favorite.
3. Gabrielle: Well, on Sunday, I __________ by my grandparent's house in the countryside.
4. Gabrielle: Well, my Sunday evening was cool, I __________ a rock concert.

1
Grammar
Simple Past - Irregular Verbs

The past simple is the most common way of talking about past events or states which have finished.
We add -ed to verbs.

The past tense irregular verbs are a group of verbs that don’t follow the regular pattern of adding
"-ed". Instead, these verbs have unique and often unpredictable changes in their base form to
indicate the past tense.

Use: Examples:

● I saw how you write code, you need to

● To express completed actions in the past.
write better.

● To describe a series of completed actions. ● First, I began with a personal project.,

then I found a bug in my code, finally I

● To express habits in the past.
won the hacker cup.

● When I was in college, I wrote a lot of

spaghetti code.

Type: Structure: Examples:

Positive Subject + Irregular verb in I thought about the bug all night.
past + complement.

Negative Subject + didn’t + verb I didn’t understand his code.

base form + complement

Complete the sentences with past simple irregular verbs using the words in the
box.

Buy Break Begin

1. He ___________ a new laptop yesterday.
2. We ___________ the project last week.
3. She ___________ the code and solved the bug.

Choose Forget Meet

4. They ___________ the new programming language for the project.

5. She ___________ to save her code before the computer crashed.
6. We ___________ with the client yesterday to discuss the requirements.

2
 Build Choose Run
7. They ___________ a prototype of the new application last month.
8. He ___________ the best algorithm to optimize the performance.
9. We ___________ a series of tests to ensure the software's stability.

Use the words in the box to create a sentence using the past simple irregular
verbs, use the prompts to guide you. It’s not necessary to use all verbs.

Infinitive Past Simple

go went

have had

do did

say said

make made

see saw

give gave

come came

find found

know knew

Complete the question using the correct Wh word (what, where, when, why,
how) or did, then answer them with your own information.

Example:

Write a sentence about something you did yesterday.

Answer: "I went to an interview yesterday."

1. Write a sentence about your work.

________________________________________________________.
2. Write a sentence about a project you completed.
________________________________________________________.
3. Write a sentence about a meeting you attended.
________________________________________________________.
4. Write a sentence about some training you joined.
________________________________________________________.

3
Wrap up
1. What was the most challenging project you worked on in the past year?
2. How did you overcome the difficulties you encountered?
3. Can you describe a specific problem you solved using your technical skills?
4. Tell your partner about a time when you implemented a new technology.
5. Talk about a time you encountered a situation where a software or hardware failure
caused a problem.

4
Unit 2 : B I'm sending you a photo, right now.
Lesson 37 How often do you check your work messages? What does PM . . .
. stand for? What about CEO?

Nikolai the PM is checking his messages. Listen and read the dialogues and
then practice. What did the CEO say to Nikolai?
Hey Nikolai, I wanted to update you on my tasks. I'm currently facing some difficulties with my

deadline. The workload is heavy, and I'm finding it challenging to meet the date. I'm working

additional hours to stay on track, but it's proving to be tough. Do you think there's a possibility

of extending the deadline by a day or two? This would allow me to code with quality and

deliver a good product. I hope to hear from you soon.

-Jacob (Front-end Developer)

Hello, I wanted to provide you with an update on my UX/UI design project. At the moment, I'm

actively working on the wireframes and prototypes. I’m ensuring that they align with the user

requirements and our product vision. I'm making good progress and continuously working on

refining the designs. By the end of this week, I will be ready to present the initial designs to the

team. If you're thinking of any specific preferences or suggestions, please feel free to share

them, and I will incorporate them into the design. I'm looking forward to hearing your

feedback.

-Livi (UX/UI Designer)

I hope you're doing well. We are having some problems, let's discuss the project deadline.

After carefully considering and analyzing the market, I believe it is beneficial to bring forward

the deadline by three days. This adjustment will allow us to gain a competitive advantage in

the market. While I understand that this adjustment may be presenting some challenges, I

have complete confidence in our team's capabilities. Please review the feasibility of this

change and provide me with your insights and suggestions on how we can effectively

implement it. Thank you for understanding and cooperating.

- Robert Schwartz (CEO)

1
Read the following sentences, choose the correct answer using the reading
above.
1. What difficulties is Jacob currently 2. What is Livi actively working on?
facing?
a) Wireframes and prototypes.
a) He is finding it challenging to meet his b) User requirements and product vision.
deadline. c) She isn't actively working on anything.
b) He is struggling with his workload.
c) He isn't finding it challenging to meet his
deadline.

3. What is the CEO proposing regarding the 4. Why is Jacob suggesting extension of the deadline?
project deadline?
a) To ensure code quality.
a) To extend the deadline by three days. b) To go on a vacation
b) To bring forward the deadline by three days. c) He doesn't want to extend the deadline
c) The CEO isn't proposing any changes to t
deadline.

Grammar
Present continuous

The present continuous can be used:

1. For actions in progress at the exact moment of the speech.
2. For situations that take place now, but not at the exact moment of the speech.
3. For Changing or developing situations.
4. To emphasize the frequency of an action.
5. For Future actions.

Type: Use: Examples:

Positive To talk about actions in 1. I'm currently facing any

Subject + be + verb "ING" + progress. difficulties.
complement 2. I'm making good progress.

Negative To talk about actions that 1. I'm currently not facing some
Subject + to be + not + are NOT in progress. difficulties.
verb "ING" + complement 2. I'm not making any progress

RULES:
1. If the verb has one syllable and ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, then the last consonant
doubles when we add -ing. Otherwise, the pronunciation will change.
sit→ sitting cut→ cutting
2. If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, it has more than one syllable, and the last
syllable is stressed, then we must double the last consonant.
prefer→ preferring begin→ beginning
3. If the verb ends in -l, then -l doubles. It does not matter which syllable is stressed.
travel→ travelling cancel→ cancelling
4. If the verb ends in -e, the letter "e" disappears when we add -ing.
close→ closing use→ using
5. If the verb ends in -ie, the letters "ie" change to "-ying"
lie→ lying die→ dying

2
Complete the sentences using the positive or negative form of the present
continuous. Remember to use the correct auxiliary verb "am/are/is" before the
main verb in the Present Continuous tense.

Negative Form of Present Continuous:

1. I _____________ (not code) any new features at the moment.

2. The team _____________ (not work) on that project this week.

3. We _____________ (not attend) any conferences this month.
4. The server _____________ (not respond) properly right now.
5. She _____________ (not update) the database currently.

Positive Form of Present Continuous:

1. They _____________ (develop) a new software module this week.

2. He _____________ (fix) bugs in the code at the moment.

3. We _____________ (attend) a webinar on cybersecurity today.
4. The company _____________ (launch) a new mobile app this month.
5. I _____________ (learn) a new programming language right now.

Complete the sentences. More than one answer is possible.

1. The software engineers _________ 2. We ___________ any new features this
on that project right now. week.
a) are working a) aren't coding
b) not work b) don't code
c) are not working c) aren't code

3. The servers ___________ properly 4. She ___________ the code for the
at the moment. website currently.
a) aren't responding a) not update
b) isn't responding b) isn't updating
c) not respond c) aren't updating

5. They ___________ any software

testing this month.
a) isn't doing
b) aren't doing
c) not do

3
6. Daniel ___________ a new 7. We ___________ a meeting with the
programming language right now. client this afternoon.
a) not learning a) are having
b) is learning b) not having
c) aren't learning c) not have

8. The team ___________ on a new 9. I ___________ the user interface for the
software module this week. mobile app currently.
a) aren't working a) not designing
b) is working b) am designing
c) not work c) aren't designing

10. They ___________ any coding

challenges at the moment.
a) aren't solving
b) not solve
c) not solving

Wrap up.

● What project are you working on right now? How is it going?

● What technologies are you learning or using currently?
● How many learning platforms these days?
● What tasks or issues are you currently solving? Is there anything you need help with?

4
Unit 2 : C Censorship
Lesson 38

Read the following quote and discuss it with a partner. Are you concerned
about censorship? What impact does censorship have in your line of work?

“Censorship, like charity, should begin at home, but unlike charity, it should end
there.”
-Clare Boothe Luce, American ambassador

Read and answer the following questions with a partner.

What does “censor” mean?

Look at the different types of censorship. What do you know about them?

1. Government censorship.
2. Internet censorship.
3. Media censorship.
4. Corporate censorship.
5. Self-censorship.

Which type of censorship affects you the most?

Vocabulary
Increase your vocabulary and improve your conversation skills. Match the phrases on the left with
their definitions on the right.

Phrase Definition

1. Censorship a. The possibility or likelihood of something happening or being true.

2. Context b. Measures taken to protect computer systems and networks from

unauthorized access or cyberattacks.

3. Potential c. The circumstances or setting in which something happens or exists.

4. Safeguard d. Creations of the mind, such as inventions, designs, or artistic works,

which are protected by copyrights, patents, or trademarks.

5. Intellectual Property e. The process of converting information into a secret code to protect its
confidentiality.

6. Encryption f. Following established rules, norms, or expectations.

7. Unauthorized g. Having many different aspects or components.

8. Cybersecurity h. Not permitted or approved.

9. Conformity i. The act of restricting or controlling information.

10. Multifaceted j. To protect or ensure the safety of something.

1
Reading

The Duality of Censorship in the Tech Industry

Censorship, in the context of a tech company, is a subject that sparks intense debate due to
its potential positive and negative effects.

One positive effect of censorship is its ability to safeguard sensitive information. In a tech
company, intellectual property and trade secrets are valuable assets that need protection. By
implementing certain censorship measures, such as restricting access to classified data or
implementing encryption protocols, companies can reduce the risk of unauthorized access
and protect their proprietary technology. Additionally, censorship can play a role in ensuring
cybersecurity by filtering out malicious content or preventing cyberattacks, safeguarding the
company's digital infrastructure and customer data.

However, the negative effects of censorship should not be overlooked. Censorship can slow
down innovation and hurt technological advancements. In an industry that thrives on
creativity and out-of-the-box thinking, the free flow of information and ideas is essential.
When censorship limits the exchange of diverse perspectives and alternative solutions, it
limits the potential for groundbreaking innovations. Moreover, censorship can obstruct
freedom of expression, creating a culture of conformity where employees may feel hesitant
to express their opinions or challenge existing norms. This can lead to decreased morale,
limited collaboration, and a lack of personal and professional growth.

The issue of censorship in the tech industry is multifaceted. While it can have certain benefits
regarding information protection and cybersecurity, it also poses risks to innovation, freedom
of expression, and employee engagement.

Choose true or false for each statement and discuss it with a partner.

1. Censorship in the tech industry only has negative effects. [True /False]
2. Implementing censorship measures can help protect a tech company's proprietary
technology. [True /False]
3. Censorship promotes the free flow of information and diverse perspectives in a tech company.
[True /False]
4. Censorship can hinder innovation and technological advancements in the tech industry. [True
/False]
5. Employee collaboration and personal growth can be limited by censorship in a tech company.
[True /False]

Wrap up

1. What criteria do you think should be used to determine censorship in a tech company?
2. How can a tech company balance the need for censorship with the principles of transparency
and openness?
3. What strategies can minimize the negative effects of censorship on employee creativity and
innovation?
4. How do you see the future of censorship evolving in the tech industry? Are there any emerging
technologies or trends that may impact how censorship is implemented?

2
Unit 3 : A Are you kidding?
Lesson 39 What are you mainly spending your money on? On what ….. ....
.. unnecessary things do you waste money?. . . . . .. .

Listen and read the following text, Tony the project manager is talking to Alina
the CTO. What technology investment does Tony want to discuss with Alina?

Tony: Hi Alina, I hope you're well. I wanted to discuss a new technology

investment with you.

Alina: Hello, Tony. I'm doing fine. What technology are you considering?

Tony: I think we should invest in artificial intelligence software. It will

improve efficiency and productivity.

Alina: I understand the benefits, but I'm worried about the cost. I don't
think we can afford it. What other alternatives are you thinking about?

Tony: I don’t have any. But, Alina, this investment will position us ahead
of our competitors and generate long-term savings. Also, we are
reducing the financial cost in other areas, right?

Alina: We are, but we need to weigh the risks. How long will it take to see
a return on investment? Are you creating a projected timeline?

Tony: I am. The implementation might take time, but the benefits will be
significant. We can expect positive outcomes within a year.

Alina: All right, Tony, I'll think about it. You should send all the proper
documentation, Then I’ll get back to you.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb. Use the conversation
above to help you.

1. Tony: What technology are you _________?

2. What other alternatives are you _________ about?
3. Also, we are _________ the financial cost in other areas, right?
4. Are you ________ a projected timeline?

1
Grammar

Present continuous questions

It is used to ask questions about actions or situations happening at the current moment or in
the near future. It is often used to ask about ongoing activities, plans, or temporary
situations.

Grammar jargon

To be: The verb “To be” Is a highly versatile verb. The different forms of the verb “to be” are:
Am, Is & Are

Complement: A complement is a word, phrase, or clause that provides additional information about
the subject or object in a sentence. It completes the meaning of the verb or the subject and adds
more details or descriptions.

Type: Use: Examples:

Yes / No Question To ask about actions in Are you falling behind on your project?
To be + verb "ING" + progress.
complement +? Are you reading an article?

Information Question To request information that Why are you falling behind on your
“Wh” word +to be + verb has not been previously project?
"ING" + complement + ? mentioned. Unlike yes/no
questions, wh- information
Where are you reading the article?
questions always contain a
presupposition.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the present continuous tense for
each question. Remember to use the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb be.
1. What __________ (you/do) to improve your coding skills?

2. How __________ (the team/prepare) for the upcoming software release?

3. Are you aware of any new technologies that __________ (emerge) in the industry?

4. What kind of projects __________ (your company/work) on currently?

5. __________ (the developers/test) the software for bugs and issues?

6. __________ (you/attend) any tech conferences or workshops this month?

7. How __________ (the IT department/upgrade) the network infrastructure?

2
Create a present continuous question based on the given information. The
answers may vary, but they should follow the present continuous tense pattern
and be contextually appropriate.

1. Question: What __________ (you/develop) for your client?

Answer: We are developing a mobile app for our client.

2. Question: What __________ (they/implement) in terms of security?

Answer: They are implementing a new cybersecurity system.

3. Question: What __________ (he/work) on?

Answer: He is working on optimizing the database performance.

4. Question: What __________ (you/test) the software for?

Answer: We are testing the software for compatibility issues.

5. Question: What __________ (the company/invest) in currently?

Answer: The company is investing in AI research and development.

6. Question: When __________ (they/launch) the new product?

Answer: They are launching a new product next month.

7. Question: Who __________ (she/collaborate) with on user interface improvements?

Answer: She is collaborating with the design team on user interface improvements.

Wrap up

1. How is your team implementing the latest technology in your work?

2. Is your company exploring any innovative ideas or initiatives right now?
3. How are you adapting to the changing trends in the tech industry?
4. Are you involved in any research and development activities at the moment?
5. Which tools or frameworks are you currently using in your development process?

3
Unit 3 : B Fifteen minutes of fame.
Lesson 40 What does the phrase “Everyone gets fifteen minutes of fame -
- mean”? What would you like to be remembered for?

Read and listen to a blog. The company Mad Tiger is being considered to
appear in this year's Fortune 500 list. What were the driving forces behind
Mad Tiger's innovative projects?

Mad Tiger, a leading tech company, was thrilled to celebrate a year of significant progress.
Through innovation and determination, they were able to solidify their position as industry
pioneers. Let's see what they did.

Product Development:
They were actively involved in developing cutting-edge software solutions, which
revolutionized business operations. From e-commerce platforms to advanced data analytics
tools, their applications were very important to help business thrive.

Collaborative Achievements:
Partnerships with industry leaders and renowned universities were a driving force behind their
innovative projects. Together, they overcame great obstacles.

Customer Satisfaction:
Their focus was on ensuring customer experience. They were dedicated to delivering
exceptional software solutions that were above and beyond expectations. Their dedication
was the reason of positive feedback.

Company Growth:
Mad Tiger experienced a lot of growth during this period. Their workforce was expanded, and
they made a lot of money. The company welcomed new talent and created a culture of
innovation and creativity.

Mad Tiger's journey was marked by notable achievements and a strong commitment to
technological excellence. They remain dedicated to pushing boundaries, driving progress,
and creating a better future.

1
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verb be in past simple. Use the
blog entry above to help you.
1. Mad Tiger, a leading tech company, ______________ thrilled to celebrate a year of
significant progress.
2. Through innovation and determination, they ______________ able to solidify their
position as industry pioneers.
3. They ______________ actively involved in developing cutting-edge software solutions.
4. Their applications ______________ very important to help business thrive.
5. Partnerships with industry leaders and renowned universities ______________ a
driving force behind their innovative projects.
6. Their focus ______________ on ensuring customer experience.
.
Grammar

To be in the past simple

We use the verb "to be” in past to describe conditions and situations that were true at a specific
time in the past.

Type: Use: Examples:

Was To talk about singular ● I was an intern at a software

subjects. development company last summer.
(I, He, She, It) ● She was a computer science student
before she joined the startup.

Were To talk about plural ● They were excited to be part of the

subjects. hackathon.
(You, We, They) ● The conference attendees were in a
discussion on artificial intelligence
and its impact.

Negative In negative sentences, add ● The latest software update was not
the adverb not and put it compatible with older operating
before the word was/were. system.

Was not = wasn’t ● The network outage was not due to a

cyberattack.
were not = weren’t
● The server upgrades were not
completed on time.

2
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verb to be in
the past simple.
1. Yesterday, I ___________ assigned a challenging programming task.
2. She studied computer engineering, but her first job ___________ as a software tester.
3. The team ___________ thrilled when their app won the tech competition.
4. Last month, our project ___________ presented at a major tech conference.
5. During the internship, we ___________ responsible for troubleshooting network issues.

Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verb to be in
its negative form.

1. The software update __________ ready for release by the deadline.

2. The network connection __________ stable during the entire conference.
3. The cybersecurity measures __________ up to industry standards.
4. The user interface __________ user-friendly and intuitive.
5. The project timeline __________ properly communicated to all team members.

Write sentences using "was," "were," "was not," or "were not" in the following
scenarios:

Technology in Daily Life: Write three sentences describing how technology was used or was not
used in your childhood.

Example answer: X box was the best console when I was a kid.

1.:_________________________________________________________________.

2.:_________________________________________________________________.

3.:_________________________________________________________________.

Write two sentences about an experience working in a tech company, focusing on what was or
was not achieved.

Example answers: The first project I worked on was not easy, I was very inexperienced.

1.:_________________________________________________________________.

2.:_________________________________________________________________.

3
Wrap up.

1. What was your first job?

2. What was your last job?
3. Were there any technical challenges you encountered on your first project?How were they
resolved?
4. Can you describe a situation where a software update was not successful?
5. When you were still an intern, were you able to meet the project deadlines? If not, what were
the reasons, and how did you handle the situation?
6. Was there a time when your network connectivity was not stable?

4
Unit 4 : A Who was the winner?
Lesson 41 Have you played trivia games before? What topic are you more _
_ knowledgeable on?

Listen and read. A group of friends is having a trivia night. Circle your answer,
how many points did you get?
Host: Welcome to the Tech Progress Trivia! Test your knowledge of technology
advancements, are you ready? Let's begin!
1. What was the first commercially successful personal computer?
a. Apple I
b. Commodore PET
c. Altair 8800
2. What was the first portable computer?
a. Osborne 1
b. Commodore 64
c. Amiga 500
3. What was the name of the first computer?
a. ENIAC
b. HAL 9000
c. C3PO
4. What was the first mass-produced computer?
a. Model T
b. IBM one
c. IBM 650
5. What was the first computer system with a color display?
a. Apple 1
b. Apple one
c. Apple Genesis
6. Who was the first computer programmer?
a. Albert Turin
b. Ada Lovelace
c. Konrad Zuse
7. Who was the co-founder of Apple Inc.?
a. Steve Jobs
b. Bill Gates
c. Mark Zuckerberg
8. What was the first video game console to use cartridges?
a. Atari 2600
b. Nintendo Entertainment System (NES)
c. Sega Genesis
9. Who was the developer of the first widely-used web browser?
a. Tim Berners-Lee
b. Marc Andreessen
c. Linus Torvalds
10. What was the first search engine on the World Wide Web?
a. Archie
b. Yahoo
c. Google

1
 11. What were the biggest tech company in the 90s?
a. Cisco and IBM
b. Samsung Electronics and Tesla
c. Amazon and Apple Inc

Host: Great job answering the questions! Let's check your answers and see how well you did.

Complete these sentences with the correct form of verb to be.

1. What _______ the first commercially successful personal computer?

2. What _______ the name of the first computer?
3. What _______ the first computer system with a color display?
4. Who _______ the co-founder of Apple Inc.?
5. What _______ the biggest tech company in the 90s?
Grammar

Was/Were questions

To make questions using the verb to be in the past, we use was/were.

Use was to talk about singular subjects. (I, He, She, It)

Use were to talk about plural subjects. (You, We, They)

Type: Use: Examples:

Yes/No Questions Make questions that can Was he at the office this morning?
be answered by saying just Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.
yes or no.

Were you busy during lunch?

Was/Were + subject +
Yes, we were/No, we weren’t.
complement + ?

Information questions Make questions that need Who was the first computer
to be answered with programmer?
specific information. The first computer programmer was Ada
Lovelace.
Wh- word + was/were + Where were you this morning?
subject + complement + ? I was at the yoga class.

Note: For the information questions we use Wh-words or question words which are:
What/Where/When/Why/How/Who

2
Complete the blanks with WAS or WERE. Then tell your teacher the answers to
these questions

1. ________ the software update successful?

2. ________ you able to attend the conference last week?
3. ________ there any updates?
4. ________ there any security problems?
5. ________ the data security measures effective?
6. ________ there any compatibility issues with the software?
7. ________ the customer feedback positive?
8. ________ the team members satisfied with their roles?
9. ________ the training sessions informative and engaging?
10. ________ there any major setbacks during the implementation phase?

Write 6 questions using was or were questions.

Sentences with “were”: Were the user credentials properly encrypted?

1.________________________________________________________.

2.________________________________________________________.

3.________________________________________________________.

Sentences with “was”: What was your favorite tech company?

1.________________________________________________________.

2.________________________________________________________.

3.________________________________________________________.

Wrap up.

1. When you worked on your first team project, how vital were good communication skills
among team members?
2. Were teamwork and collaboration encouraged within the company culture in your previous
job?
3. Were time management skills crucial for meeting project deadlines in your first job?
4. Was your previous supervisor supportive?
5. Were your colleagues in your previous job open to giving and receiving feedback?

3
Unit 4 : B Do you have anything in mind?
Lesson 42 Is it easy to make design choices when you’re a developer? __ _
_ What’s the job of a graphic designer like?

Listen and read the following conversation between Gabrielle, a designer,

and Daniel, a developer. What does Gabrielle mention about her previous
website designs?

Gabrielle: Hey Daniel, do you have anything in mind for the design of the new
website?
Daniel: Well, I'm not really sure yet. I don’t worry too much about it. Do you
have something in mind?
Gabrielle: Yes, I have a few ideas. How about using bold colors and clean
typography to create a modern and dynamic look?
Daniel: That sounds interesting. Can you show me anything similar that you
designed before?
Gabrielle: Sure! I can show you some of my previous website designs. I think they will give you a
better idea of my style and capabilities.
Daniel: Great! I'm open to anything that will make the website visually appealing and
user-friendly.
Gabrielle: That's good to hear. I believe incorporating responsive design and intuitive
navigation will enhance the user experience.
Daniel: Absolutely. We want to make sure that users can easily find what they're looking for and
have a seamless browsing experience.
Gabrielle: Definitely. Is there something specific you want to highlight on the website? Any
features or functionalities?
Daniel: Not really. I trust your expertise in design, so feel free to suggest anything else that you
think will enhance the overall look and feel of the website.
Gabrielle: Thank you, Daniel. I appreciate your trust. I will work on some design mockups and
share them with you soon.

Fill in the blanks with words from the conversation above.

1. Hey Daniel, do you have ________ in mind for the design of the new website?
2. Can you show me ________ similar that you designed before?
3. I can show you ________ of my previous website designs.
4. I haven't thought about it much. Do you have ________ in mind?

1
Grammar

Something / Anything

Something Anything

Use: Examples Use: Examples

"Something" is "Anything" is used in ● I don't have anything

used in positive ● I need to buy to show you.
negative statements to
statements to refer something for my ●
refer to an indefinite
to a specific thing project. ● There isn't anything
thing or an unrestricted
or an unspecified ● He knows else I need.
choice or possibility.
quantity or ●
something about
amount.
programming.

Positive ● I want to try ● I don't have anything

Negative Statements
Statements. something new in to add to the
*"Anything" is not my code. *"Something" is not discussion.
used in positive used in negative
statements.
statements.

Questions ● Can you ● Is there anything I

Questions
"Something" is recommend can assist you with?
used in questions something for
"Anything" is used in
when expecting a improving code
questions when
positive response efficiency?
or when expecting a negative
suggesting a response or when
specific thing. suggesting an
unrestricted choice or
possibility.

Complete the sentences with "something" or "anything". There may be more

than one correct answer. Discuss your choices with a partner.

1. I need ________ to help me debug this code.

2. I don't have ________ to present at the meeting.
3. Can you recommend ________ for learning a new programming
language?
4. Is there ________ specific you want me to focus on for this project?
5. I can't find ________ in the documentation about this issue.

2
Rewrite the sentences using "something" or "anything" to express the same
meaning.

1. He has a specific task for you.

He has ________ for you.

2. We don't have any relevant information about the bug.

We don't have ________ about the bug.

3. Can you suggest a particular framework for this project?

Can you suggest ________ for this project?

Write questions using "something" or "anything" to discover the target

information. Discuss your choices with a partner.

1. You want to know if there is a specific requirement for the user interface.

Is there ________ for the user interface?

2. You want to inquire about any preferences for the database management system.

Is there ________ you prefer for the database management system?

3. You want to check if they have any particular feature requests.

Do you have ________ you'd like to add as feature requests?

Wrap up

1. How do software developers and graphic designers collaborate during the

development process?
2. What role does effective communication play between devs and design?
3. Can you discuss any challenges that software developers and graphic designers might
encounter when working together on a project?

3
Unit 4 : C Binge watching
Lesson 43

Read the following quote. Discuss, with a partner, What kinds of shows and
movies do you like to watch? Have you ever binged-watch anything?

“The Netflix brand for TV shows is really all about binge-watching. The ability to get hooked
and watch episode after episode.”
— Reed Hastings

Read and answer the following questions with a partner.

1. What are some popular streaming platforms you use for binge-watching?
2. How does technology influence the way we consume television series and movies?
3. What impact does excessive screen time have on our physical and mental health?

Vocabulary
Increase your vocabulary and improve your conversation skills. Match the phrases on the left with
their definitions on the right.

Phrase Definition

1. fast-paced a. To reduce or make something smaller in size, importance, or intensity.

2. array b. A wide variety or selection of something.

3. back-to-back c. Referring to a time or era that no longer exists or is no longer relevant.

4. gone are the days d. Moving or progressing quickly; characterized by a high tempo.

5. unparalleled e. The process of becoming less sensitive or responsive to something.

6. instant gratification f. Sitting or remaining in a fixed position for extended periods with little
physical activity.

7. diminish g. Watching or doing something continuously without interruption.

8. desensitization h. Unmatched or unrivaled; without equal.

9. sedentary i. To achieve a desired outcome or goal

10. impair j. The desire for immediate satisfaction or pleasure without delay.

1
Reading

The Evolution of Binge Watching

In today's fast-paced digital era, binge-watching is a prevalent phenomenon, transforming
the way we consume television series and movies. With the rise of streaming platforms and
on-demand content, viewers now have unprecedented access to a vast array of shows at
their fingertips. This means a shift in viewing habits, with many people doing marathon
sessions of back-to-back episodes.

The advent of streaming services such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Hulu has
revolutionized the way we watch our favorite shows. Gone are the days of waiting for weekly
episodes; now entire seasons or series are available for immediate consumption. This shift in
technology provides viewers with unparalleled convenience and control over their
entertainment choices.

Binge-watching has sparked discussions about the ethical implications of excessive screen
time. Some argue that it promotes a sedentary lifestyle and fosters a culture of instant
gratification, where patience and delayed gratification are diminished. Additionally, the
accessibility to graphic or mature content raises concerns about its impact on societal
values and the desensitization of viewers.

Not to mention, extended periods of screen time associated with binge-watching can have
negative effects on our physical and mental well-being. Prolonged sitting and reduced
physical activity can contribute to a sedentary lifestyle, leading to health issues such as
obesity, cardiovascular problems, and musculoskeletal disorders. Also, excessive viewing can
disrupt sleep patterns and impair mental health.

Finally, the availability of on-demand entertainment can blur the boundaries between work
and leisure time. Binge-watching can easily consume valuable hours that could be spent on
professional development, personal growth, or quality time with loved ones. Balancing the
demands of work and leisure becomes crucial in maintaining a healthy and productive
lifestyle.

Choose true or false for each statement and discuss it with a partner.
1. Binge-watching refers to the practice of watching television series or movies for extended
periods of time. (true / false)
2. Streaming platforms make binge-watching more accessible and convenient for viewers.
(true / false)
3. Excessive screen time associated with binge-watching has positive effects on mental
health. (true / false)
4. On-demand entertainment blurs the boundaries between work and leisure time. (true /
false)
5. Balancing the demands of work and leisure is not important for maintaining a healthy and
productive lifestyle. (true / false)

2
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate vocabulary words:

"Instant gratification" "diminish" "desensitization" "sedentary" "impair".

1. Binge-watching can contribute to a ______________ lifestyle, as viewers spend

prolonged periods sitting and watching television.
2. The availability of on-demand entertainment leads to a culture of ______________,
where people expect immediate satisfaction without waiting.
3. Excessive exposure to graphic or violent content may lead to ______________, where
viewers become less sensitive or responsive to such stimuli.
4. Prolonged screen time can ______________ physical and mental well-being, affecting
our health and cognitive functions.
5. Binge-watching may ______________ our ability to practice patience and delayed
gratification, as we become accustomed to instant entertainment.

Wrap up

1. What are some ethical concerns associated with binge-watching?

2. How can binge-watching affect our sleep patterns and overall well-being?
3. What strategies can be adopted to maintain a healthy balance between binge-watching
and other aspects of life?
4. Do you have any personal experience that highlights the pros and cons of
binge-watching?
5. What’s the role of self-discipline and moderation in managing binge-watching habits?

3
Unit 5 : A I have much work to do.
Lesson 44 Do you have a lot of work lately?

Listen and read the following conversation between Sophia and Daniel.
What do you notice about the words that come after much? What do you
notice about the words that come after many?

Sophia: Good morning, Daniel. I noticed we have too many tasks on

our Sprint backlog. Do you think we have much time to complete
them?
Daniel: Good morning, Sophia. I agree, there are too many tasks, but I
think we can handle them. We have 4 skilled developers in our team.
Sophia: That's true. I'm also concerned about the feedback we
received from the client. We need to improve the quality of our code.
Daniel: I understand. We should allocate much more time for code reviews and ensure we
address any issues ASAP.
Sophia: Absolutely. I believe the team has much potential, and with much effort, we can
achieve our goals.
Daniel: I can’t agree more. It's important to have much training and communication among
team members to avoid any misunderstandings.
Sophia: Definitely. With much dedication and effective planning, I'm confident we can
successfully deliver the project.

Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.

1. Daniel mentioned that they have ___ skilled developers in their team.
a) many
b) much

2. In order to improve the quality of their code, Daniel suggested allocating ___ more time
for code reviews.
a) many
b) much
3. Sophia believes that the team has ___ potential to achieve their goals.
a) many
b) much

4. Daniel emphasized the importance of ___ training and communication among team
members.
a) many
b) much

1
Grammar

Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Much, many, and a lot are quantifiers that all mean ‘a large amount of’.

The main difference between these words is that we can use much with uncountable nouns, many
with plural countable nouns, and a lot with both types of nouns.

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

Uses Examples Uses Examples

Used to refer to Singular: "There is a Used to refer to "He has a lot of experience in
things that can be developer in our things that cannot software development."
counted and have a team." be counted or have
plural form. no plural form. "He has much experience in
Plural: "There are software development."
Can be used with many developers Usually treated as
both singular and working on the singular and do not
plural determiners project." take an indefinite
(e.g., a, an, the, article (a/an)
these, some, many).

Uncountable
category Examples

Fluids Air, soup, water, steam, milk.

Abstract concepts Love, intelligence, patience.

Grouped concepts Furniture (sofas, beds, tables), fruit (bananas, apples, grapes).

Granular substances Rice, wheat, grass, cotton, flour, ash, dust, grain.

Solid materials Wood, metal, glass.

School subjects Geography, Spanish, English, science.

Energy Electricity, gravity, radiation, heat, cold.

2
Choose the correct option to complete the sentence. Pay attention to
identifying countable or uncountable nouns.
1. Do you have ___ experience in mobile app development?

a) much

b) many

2. I need ___ information about the new project.

a) much

b) many

3. How ___ bugs did you find in the code?

a) many

b) much

4. She knows ___ programming languages.

a) many

b) much

5. We have ___ tasks to complete before the deadline.

a) many

b) much

6. There are ___ participants in the workshop.

a) much

b) many

7. She received ___ feedback on her presentation.

a) many

b) much

8. We have ___ coffee in the office.

a) many

b) much

9. How ___ employees are in the company?

a) much

b) many

3
Wrap up

1. How many hardware pieces do you have plugged to your computer at the moment?
2. How much do you invest in your equipment?
3. How many pending issues do you have?

4
Unit 5 : B Anyway, what did you do?
Lesson 45 How do you stay focused during your daily standup or daily
meeting? Can you share some tips?

Listen and read the following conversation between Gabrielle and Jacob.
What helpful tool did Jacob discover for Gabrielle?

Gabrielle: Hey Jacob, did you hear about the new design trends for mobile apps?

Jacob: Yes, I follow some of the latest trends. Anyway, did you see the new feature our team

implemented on our website?

Gabrielle: Oh, no, not yet. Can you show me?

Jacob: Sure, let me start my laptop. Anyway, what do you think about the new color palette

for our upcoming project?

Gabrielle: I think it's great! The colors are more vibrant and eye-catching. By the way, did you

decide the font styles we should use?

Jacob: Yes, I have a few ideas in mind. Anyway, speaking of fonts, I recently found a new font

library that could be useful for our projects.

Gabrielle: That sounds interesting! Can you share the link with me later?

Jacob: Absolutely, I'll send it to you. Anyway, I wanted to discuss the timeline for our current

project. Do you think we can meet the deadline?

Gabrielle: I think it's possible if we manage our tasks efficiently. By the way, did you talk to our

project manager about it?

Jacob: Yes, I had a conversation with him earlier. Anyway, let's schedule a meeting to discuss

the project timeline in detail.

Gabrielle: That's a good idea. Anyway, I need to get back to work now. Let's catch up later.

Jacob: Sure, talk to you later. By the way, remember to check out the new website feature I

mentioned earlier.

Gabrielle: Will do. See you!

Jacob: See you!

1
Complete the conversation excerpts. Use the reading above to help you.

1. Yes, I follow some of the latest trends. ________, did you see the new

feature our team implemented on our website?

2. Think it's great! The colors are more vibrant and eye-catching. ________,

did you decide the font styles we should use?

3. Yes, I have a few ideas in mind. ________, speaking of fonts, I recently found

a new font library that could be useful for our projects.

4. Yes, I had a conversation with him earlier. ________, let's schedule a

meeting to discuss the project timeline in detail.

Grammar

Anyway

"Anyway" is an adverb that is commonly used to signal the end of a topic or to transition to a
new topic in a conversation. It is often used to dismiss a previous point or to introduce a new
point.

Use: Examples:

Transition to a new topic Anyway, let's move on to the next item on the agenda.

The weather is terrible today. Anyway, did you see the

latest software update?

We've talked enough about the technical challenges.

Anyway, let's brainstorm some ideas for improving
user experience.

End a conversation I don't think we'll have enough time to discuss this
further. Anyway, let's focus on finding a solution.

2
 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of "anyway" to complete the
sentences when necessary. Then practice with a partner. How long can you
keep each conversation going?

1. I think we should postpone the meeting. ________, let's discuss it tomorrow.

2. I forgot to bring my laptop to work. ________, it's not a big issue. I can borrow one.
3. The presentation was interesting. ________, I have some questions about the data you
presented.
4. I don't have time to go into the details now. ________, let's set up a separate meeting for
that.
5. The software has some bugs. ________, we need to address them before the release.

Create a short dialogue using "anyway" to end or change the topic of each
conversation. Use the following prompts:

Student A: Did you watch the latest webinar on cybersecurity?

Student B: Yes, I found it quite informative. ________
Student A: Anyway, did you hear about the latest Apple gadget?
Student B: No, I didn’t. ________

Wrap up

1. Do you read about the latest advancements in artificial intelligence? Anyway, what are your
thoughts on its potential impact on various industries?
2. I read an article about the Internet of Things (IoT) and its growing influence. Anyway, do you
have any personal experiences or opinions on IoT devices?
3. Blockchain technology gained a lot of attention lately. Anyway, do you think it has the potential
to revolutionize the way we handle transactions and data security?
4. Cloud computing is an integral part of many businesses. Anyway, how do you think it will
transform the IT landscape and impact software development?
5. Quantum computing is an emerging field that shows great promise for solving complex
problems. Anyway, do you think it will eventually replace traditional computers, and what
implications might it have for software development?

3
Unit 5 : C Driverless cars
Lesson 46

Read the following quote. Discuss, with a partner, are driverless cars a good
idea? Would you use one?

“After a lifetime of driving, repairing, and studying automobiles, I have come to a logical
conclusion- we are the weakest link in the car.
-Peter Cheney, Automotive Journalist

Read and answer the following questions with a partner.

What do you think are the main advantages of driverless cars?

How do you envision driverless cars transforming the way we commute and live in cities?
What ethical considerations should be taken into account when programming algorithms for
driverless cars?
In your opinion, should driverless cars prioritize the safety of passengers or pedestrians in
critical situations? Why?

Vocabulary
Increase your vocabulary and improve your conversation skills. Match the phrases on the left
with their definitions on the right.

Phrase Definition

1. split-second a. The act of traveling regularly between home and work.

b. People who are walking on the street, usually as opposed to those driving
2. the greater good
vehicles.

3. fuel c. Making immediate choices or judgments without any delay.

d. The impact of a person, organization, or product on the environment in

4. carbon footprint
terms of carbon dioxide emissions.

e. Finding a middle ground or compromise between different factors or

5. commute
interests.

6. pedestrians f. The quality of being dependable or trustworthy.

7. striking a balance g. The energy source used to power vehicles or machines.

8. real-time decisions h. The overall benefit or welfare of a larger group or community.

1
Reading

The Future of Transportation: Exploring Driverless Cars and Their Implications.

Recently, driverless cars became a hot topic of discussion. These autonomous vehicles,
powered by cutting-edge software and artificial intelligence (AI), hold the potential to
revolutionize the way we commute and transform our cities. However, with this technological
advancement come many moral and ecological implications that require careful
consideration.

Driverless cars rely on software and AI algorithms to navigate roads, interpret traffic conditions,
and make real-time decisions. The complexity of the software behind these vehicles is
immense. Software developers play a crucial role in ensuring the safety, efficiency, and
reliability of driverless cars.

One of the key moral implications of driverless cars lies in their decision-making capabilities. In
critical situations where an accident is imminent, the vehicle's algorithms are programmed to
make split-second choices. These decisions must consider factors such as the safety of
passengers, pedestrians, and other drivers. Striking a balance between safety, fairness, and the
greater good is a complex challenge that requires ethical discussions and careful
consideration.

Also, driverless cars have the potential to positively impact our ecology. By employing
advanced sensors and algorithms, these vehicles can optimize fuel consumption, reduce
emissions, and minimize traffic congestion. The integration of driverless cars into
transportation systems could lead to more efficient routes, smoother traffic flow, and a
decrease in overall carbon footprint. However, the deployment of driverless cars also raises
questions about job displacement for professional drivers and potential environmental
consequences associated with increased vehicle manufacturing and energy consumption.

It is crucial to engage in meaningful discussions about the technological advancements,

ethical considerations, and environmental impact to pave the way to a more sustainable
world.

Choose true or false for each statement and discuss it with a partner.

1. Driverless cars rely on AI algorithms to interpret traffic conditions. (True/False)

2. The decision-making capabilities of driverless cars do not raise any moral implications.
(True/False)
3. Driverless cars optimize fuel consumption and reduce emissions. (True/False)
4. The integration of driverless cars into transportation systems will lead to more traffic
congestion. (True/False)
5. Job displacement for professional drivers is not a concern with the deployment of
driverless cars. (True/False)

2
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate vocabulary words:

"real-time decisions" "commute" "pedestrians" "strike a balance"

1. I live in the suburbs and ________ to work in the city every day.

2. Driverless cars must be programmed to prioritize the safety of ________ on the road.

3. When it comes to ethical decision-making, it's important to ________ between different

factors.

4. Driverless cars rely on advanced algorithms to make ________ based on the current

traffic conditions.

Wrap up

1. How do you think driverless cars can contribute to reducing traffic congestion and

improving fuel efficiency?

2. What are the ecological challenges in the widespread adoption of driverless cars?

3. Should governments play a role in regulating the development and deployment of

driverless cars? Why or why not?

4. What potential job impacts do you anticipate with the rise of driverless cars, and how

can the workforce adapt?

3
Unit 6 : A I'm having a productive week
Lesson 47 Do you have any friends who are software developers? How do
you motivate each other to keep learning?

Listen and read the following conversation between Daniel and Jacob. What
is Daniel working on right now?

Daniel: Hey Jacob, what are you working on these days?

Jacob: Hi Daniel, I'm currently developing a new feature for our software. It's taking up a lot of
my time.
Daniel: That sounds interesting. What kind of feature is it?
Jacob: It's a messaging feature that allows users to send real-time notifications to each
other.
Daniel: Oh, I remember you mentioned that. When did you start working on it?
Jacob: I started working on it last week. I finished the backend development, and now I'm
focusing on the frontend design.
Daniel: That's great progress! Do you usually have any challenges along the way?
Jacob: Yes, I face a few difficulties while integrating the messaging API, but I managed to
resolve them. I usually have problems with APIs, but now everything is running smoothly.
Daniel: Excellent job, Jacob. By the way, did you attend the software conference last month?
Jacob: Yes, I did. It was a fantastic event. Many industry experts shared their insights on the
latest technologies.
Daniel: I wish I went, but I had some personal commitments. Anyway, what are the key
takeaways from the conference?
Jacob: One of the main takeaways is the increasing importance of cybersecurity in software
development. They emphasized the need for robust security measures.
Daniel: That's crucial, especially with the rise of cyber threats. Anyway, it was great catching
up with you. I need to get back to my coding now.
Jacob: No problem, Daniel. Good luck with your work. Let's catch up again soon.

Complete the conversation excerpts. Use the reading above to help you.

1. Daniel: Hey Jacob, what __________ (you/work) on these days?

2. Jacob: Hi Daniel, I'm currently __________ (develop) a new feature for our
software.
3. Daniel: Do you usually __________ (have) any challenges along the way?
4. Jacob: Yes, I __________ (face) a few difficulties while integrating the
messaging API, but I managed to resolve them.

1
Grammar

Present Continuous Tense Present Simple Tense

Talk about activities happening Talk about routine we use

at this moment we use present present simple tense.
continuous.

From Subject + am/is/are + verb + Subject + verb (base form).

-ing.

Use ● Actions happening now ● General facts and routines

● Temporary actions or ● Permanent states or
situations conditions
● Future arrangements and ● Scheduled events or
plans timetables

Examples ● I am working on a new ● I work as a software

project. developer.
● She is attending a ● She attends meetings every
conference next week. Monday.
● We are currently testing the ● The system crashes
software. occasionally.
● They are developing a new ● The company releases
feature. updates every month.

Signal Words ● Now, at the moment, ● Usually, always, often,

currently sometimes
● Right now, at present ● Every day, every week, every
● These days, nowadays month
● On Mondays, on weekends,
in the morning

Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence. Then practice with a partner.

1. I ____________ (am working / work) on a new project this week.

2. The team ____________ (is discussing / discusses) the budget with the CFO.
3. He ____________ (is attending / attends) a software conference all week.
4. We ____________ (are testing / test) the application right now.
5. They ____________ (are developing / develop) mobile apps for iOS.

2
 Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb. Choose
between the present simple or present continuous. Don’t forget to use an
auxiliary verb if necessary.

1. The team ____________ (develop) a new feature for the website.

2. He ____________ (attend) a training session all week.
3. We always ____________ (work) on multiple projects simultaneously.
4. The software occasionally ____________ (crash).
5. They ____________ (discuss) the project requirements with the client.

Use the present simple to write three of your good habits. Then use the present
continuous to talk about how you’re breaking each of those habits.

For example:

I always read documentation before I start coding. These days I’m not reading too much, I’m very busy.

1.-_____________________________________________________________________
2.-_____________________________________________________________________
3.-_____________________________________________________________________

Wrap up

1. What project are you currently working on, and what is your role in the team?
2. How do you ensure effective communication and collaboration with team members who
work on different projects?
3. Tell me about an interesting experience while working with developers from different
projects. How did that influence your own work?

3
Unit 6 : B Nobody likes puzzles
Lesson 48 Do you like video games? What video game genre are you
playing at the time?

Daniel and Jacob are talking about a video game they recently played.
Listen to their conversation and follow the reading. What’s the difference
between everybody and nobody?

Daniel: Hey Jacob, did you hear about the latest video game release?
Jacob: Yeah, I think everybody is talking about it. It's generating a lot of buzz in the gaming
community.
Daniel: Absolutely, and nobody can deny the incredible graphics and immersive gameplay.
Jacob: I agree. The level of detail in the virtual world is mind-blowing. No one can resist
getting lost in the game for hours.
Daniel: That's true. It seems like everyone is hooked on it. I don’t know a single person who
doesn’t love it.
Jacob: I know what you mean. Everybody is talking about the storyline and the challenging
tasks.
Daniel: By the way, have you joined any gaming forums or communities to discuss the game
with others?
Jacob: Not yet, but I'm planning to. It sounds great to connect with other players and share
experiences.
Daniel: Definitely. There's so much to explore in the game, and nobody wants to miss out on
the hidden secrets and Easter eggs.
Jacob: I completely agree. Everyone is searching for clues and tips to enhance their
gameplay.
Daniel: Well, it seems like this game has captivated everyone's attention. No one can deny its
impact on the gaming industry.
Jacob: Absolutely. It's amazing how technology continues to push the boundaries of what's
possible in video games.

Use the reading above to help you complete the following sentences using "no
one", "nobody", "everybody", or "everyone"

1. ______ can resist the addictive gameplay of this new video game.
2. ______ is talking about the incredible graphics in the latest release.
3. ______ wants to miss out on the hidden secrets and Easter eggs.
4. ______ is excited about the immersive virtual world in the game.

1
Grammar

"no one," "nobody," "everybody," and "everyone"

These pronouns are used to refer to unspecified objects, beings, or places.

Type: Use: Example

No one Refers to no person; not a single No one can solve this problem.
person
Nobody Nobody wants to work
overtime.

Everybody Refers to all people; every Everybody is attending the

person meeting.

Everyone Everyone needs to submit their

reports.

Use the information from the previous grammar chart to complete these
sentences.

1. ______ is perfect. We all have our strengths and weaknesses.

2. ______ can solve this programming problem as quickly as you can.
3. ______ wants to join the project meeting tomorrow. It's mandatory.
4. ______ believes that AI will revolutionize the future of software development.
5. ______ wants to miss the team-building event next week.
6. ______ is invited to the project kickoff meeting.

2
Choose the correct options to complete these sentences. There may be more
than one possible answer, discuss your choice with a partner.

1.______ understands the complexities of machine learning algorithms.

a) Nobody
b) Everybody
c) No one
d) Everyone

2.______ completed the task assigned by the project manager.

a) Nobody
b) Everybody
c) No one
d) Everyone

3.______ believes that continuous learning is essential in the software development field.
a) Nobody
b) Everybody
c) No one
d) Everyone

Wrap up

1. In what ways does the advancement in technology influence the gaming experience for
everybody?
2. How does the latest technology impact the classical business models of game
development?
3. How do you think the integration of virtual reality (VR) in video games will shape the future
of the gaming industry?

3
Unit 7 : A Vague expressions and things
Lesson 49 What kind of things do you talk about in a Sprint design meeting?
Why is it necessary to do constant testing during every iteration?

Listen and read the following conversation between a Scrum Master, Sophia
and a developer, Daniel. What does the Scrum Master ask the developer to
pay special attention to?

Sophia: Good morning! How are you today?

Daniel: Good morning! I'm doing well, thank you. How about you?

Sophia: I'm doing great. I want to discuss the next Sprint and the planned tasks. So, we have
coding, testing, debugging, documentation, and stuff like that for this Sprint.

Daniel: Sounds good. I’m responsible for the coding part and making sure the software meets
the requirements. Is there anything specific you want me to focus on?

Sophia: Yes, besides the coding tasks, please make sure to pay attention to error handling,
code optimization, and things like that. We want the software to be robust and efficient.

Daniel: Understood. I'll make sure to give those aspects the necessary attention.

Sophia: Great! Also, don't forget about the testing phase. It's important to perform detailed
unit testing, integration testing, and everything.

Daniel: Absolutely. I'll dedicate time for comprehensive testing and any issues that appear.

Sophia: Perfect. Remember, if you have any questions about the requirements, design, or
anything, feel free to contact me or the Product Owner.

Daniel: Will do. I appreciate your support. I'll keep you updated on the progress and discuss
any challenges or clarifications as they come up.

Sophia: That's excellent. Collaboration is key. Let's work together to deliver a high-quality
product. Thanks for your dedication!

Daniel: Thank you for your guidance and trust. Let's make this Sprint a success!

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases: "and stuff like that," "and things
like that," "and everything," or "or anything."

1. I wanted to discuss the upcoming Sprint and the tasks we have planned. So, we have
coding, testing, debugging, documentation, ___ for this Sprint.

2. Is there ___ specific you want me to focus on?

3. Please make sure to pay attention to error handling, code optimization, ___

4. It's crucial to perform thorough unit testing, integration testing, ___ related to
ensuring the software functions correctly.

5. If you have any questions about the requirements, design, ___ else, feel
free to reach out to me or the product owner.
1
Grammar

Vague expressions

We generally use vague expressions when we don’t know the name of something, or to make
things sound less factual, or to talk about groups and categories.

Phrase Example Sentence

"And stuff (like that)" The IT department handles tasks like troubleshooting, hardware
maintenance, software installations, and stuff like that.

"And things (like that)" In this company, the IT team is responsible for network
administration, server management, cybersecurity, and things like
that

"And everything" Our software engineers work on coding, testing, debugging,

documentation, and everything related to software development.

"Or anything" If you have any questions about data analysis, database
management, system integration, or anything else related to IT, feel
free to ask.

Choose the correct phrase to complete each phrase. There may be more than
one correct answer.
1. The IT department handles tasks like 2. In this company, the IT team is responsible for
troubleshooting, hardware maintenance, software network administration, server management,
installations, ___. cybersecurity, ___.
a) and stuff like that a) and stuff like that
b) and everything b) and everything
c) or anything c) or anything
d) and things like that d) and things like that

3. Our software engineers work on coding, testing, 4. If you have any questions about data analysis,
debugging, documentation, ___ related to software database management, system integration, ___
development. else related to IT, feel free to ask.
a) and stuff like that a) and stuff like that
b) and everything b) and everything
c) or anything c) or anything
d) and things like that d) and things like that

5. The conference covered topics such as artificial 6. Our team is involved in research, development,
intelligence, machine learning, data science, ___. testing, and ___ that contributes to the
a) and stuff like that advancement of technology.
b) and everything a) and stuff like that
c) or anything b) and everything
d) and things like that c) or anything
d) and things like that

2
 7. The job requires proficiency in programming 8. The IT department deals with hardware
languages, algorithm design, software architecture, procurement, software licensing, vendor
___. management, ___ necessary for smooth
a) and stuff like that operations.
b) and everything a) and stuff like that
c) or anything b) and everything
d) and things like that c) or anything
d) and things like that

9. If you encounter any technical issues with your 10. The training program covers topics such as data
computer, software installations, ___ related, let us security, network infrastructure, cloud computing,
know. ___ related to IT systems.
a) and stuff like that a) and stuff like that
b) and everything b) and everything
c) or anything c) or anything
d) and things like that d) and things like that

Fill in the blanks using “everything”, “anything”, “or everything”, “or anything”,
“and stuff like that”, “and things like that”. There may be more than one right
answer.
1. The IT support team handles hardware 2. In this company, the IT team is in charge of
troubleshooting, software installations, user account network administration, server maintenance, cloud
management, ___ necessary for ensuring smooth computing, and ___ related to ensuring reliable IT
IT operations. services.

3. If you encounter any technical issues with your 4. The IT department handles hardware
computer, software installations, or ___ related, procurement, software licensing, vendor
please reach out to the IT helpdesk. management, and ___ related to acquiring
necessary IT resources.

5. Our software development team works on coding, 6. The training program covers topics such as data
software testing, deployment, and ___ involved in privacy, network security, cloud infrastructure, and
delivering high-quality software products. ___ required to ensure a secure IT environment.

7. Our developers are involved in front-end 8. The job requires proficiency in programming
development, back-end programming, UI/UX languages such as Java, C++, Python, ___
design, and ___ that contributes to creating necessary for developing robust software
user-friendly software. applications.

9. If you have any questions about database 10. The IT department is responsible for managing
management, data analysis, system integration, servers, network infrastructure, cybersecurity, and
___ related, please don't hesitate to ask. ___ related to maintaining a secure IT environment.

3
Wrap up
1. What are some of the key responsibilities of a Scrum Master in the IT industry?
2. Could you provide examples of software development tasks that the IT team typically
handles?
3. How does the Scrum Master help solve common challenges faced by software
development teams?

4
Unit 7 : B I am too
Lesson 50 Do you like debugging? Do you have a particular ritual that gets
you in the mood for debugging?

Lucy is mentoring Abeer about the struggle of debugging. Follow their

conversation and pay attention to how they agree. Mention two things they
agree on.

Abeer: Lucy, I find debugging code a bit challenging sometimes.

Lucy: Me too, Abeer. But don't worry, I think with more practice, you'll get better at it.
Abeer: I do too, but it can be frustrating when I can't figure out the issue.
Lucy: Absolutely, debugging can be like solving a puzzle. But remember, I’m very confident
in your abilities as a developer.
Abeer: I am too. Thanks, Lucy. By the way, did you work with this framework before?
Lucy: Yes, I did it in my previous project. It's quite powerful, and I was impressed with the
results.
Abeer: I am too. It’s wonderful! At the beginning I was curious about its performance.
Lucy: I was too, I guarantee it won’t disappoint you. I don’t have any issues with it so far, and
I believe it will enhance our project.
Abeer: That's reassuring. Also I didn't find any negative feedback about it online.
Lucy: I didn’t either. That's a good sign. And I wasn't concerned about its stability, but I
believe we should always test thoroughly.
Abeer: I do too. I'm not planning to overlook any testing procedures for this project.

Use the reading above to help you complete the responses.

1. a) I think with more practice, you'll get better at it.

b) —-----
2. a) I was impressed with the results.
b) _____
3. a) I believe we should always test thoroughly.
b)_____
4. a) I’m very confident in your abilities as a developer.
b) _____

1
Grammar

Too and Either

We use too and either to agree with something someone says. Too is for positive agreement while
Either or Neither is for negative agreement.

Me too or Me neither is a quick and easy way to agree. But if you want to be more professional
make use to use the correct verb and tense.

Type: Use: Examples:

Me too Agree with a positive A: I love coding.

statement B: Me too.

I do too A: I enjoy solving problems.

B: I do too.

I am too A: I'm excited about this project.

B: I am too.

I did too A: I completed the task.

B: I did too.

I was too A: I was nervous during the presentation.

B: I was too.

Me neither Agree with a negative A: I don't like long meetings.

statement B: Me neither.

I don’t either A: I don’t get paid overtime.

B: I don’t either.

I’m not either A: I'm not interested in learning AI.

B: I'm not either.

I didn’t either A: I didn't attend the conference.

B: I didn't either.

I wasn’t either A: I wasn't happy with the outcome.

B: I wasn't either.

2
Use the information from the previous grammar chart to complete these
sentences.

1. a)I love working with databases.

b)__________. They provide a structured way to store and retrieve data.

2. a)I didn’t solve that coding challenge.

b) __________. It was quite challenging.

3. a) I'm excited about the new project.

b) __________. It sounds interesting and challenging.

4. a)I worked with Python in my previous job.

b) __________. It's a versatile and powerful language.

5. a)I was a bit nervous during the presentation.

b) __________. Public speaking can be intimidating.

6. a) I wasn't able to attend the conference.

b) __________. I had a scheduling conflict.

7. a) I'm not a fan of long coding sessions.

b) __________. They can be mentally exhausting.

Practice agreeing with the following statements. After you’re done with that,
take it to the next level and practice disagreeing with all of them.

1. a) I didn't find any bugs in the code.

b) __________.
2. a) I'm not interested in machine learning.
b) __________.
3. a) I'm using React for frontend development.
b) __________.
4. a) I had trouble understanding the documentation.
b) __________.
5. a) I wasn't able to complete the task on time.
b) __________.

3
Wrap up

1. Tell of a time you encountered a particularly challenging bug? What was your
approach?
2. What strategies or tools do you find most effective for debugging software
applications?
3. What are some common pitfalls or mistakes to avoid when it comes to debugging
code?

4
Unit 7 : C Gaming addiction
Lesson 51

Read the following quote. Discuss with a partner. What kind of games do you
play? Do you know anyone with a gaming addiction?

“Man is a gaming animal. He must always be trying to get the better in something or
other”
-Charles Lamb, essayist

Read and answer the following questions with a partner.

1. What are some common signs or symptoms of gaming addiction?

2. How do advancements in technology contribute to the rise of gaming addiction?
3. How can gaming addiction affect an individual's physical health?
4. What steps can be taken to mitigate these risks

Vocabulary
Increase your vocabulary and improve your conversation skills. Match the phrases on the left
with their definitions on the right.

Phrase Definition

a. Deeply involving and absorbing, creating a sense of being fully

1. isolation
surrounded by the experience.

2. captivating b. Holding one's attention and interest, making it enjoyable and interesting.

3. widespread c. Attracting and holding interest or attention strongly.

d. Prevalent or occurring over a wide area or among a large number of

4. immersive
people.

5. engaging e. Comfort or consolation in times of distress or sadness.

6. solace f. The state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy.

7. raising awareness g. The act of not giving proper attention or care to someone or something.

8. eye strain h. Strain or discomfort in the eyes due to prolonged use or intense focus.

9. neglect i. Bringing attention or knowledge to a particular issue or topic.

10. well-being j. The state of being alone or separated from others.

1
Reading

The Rise of Gaming Addiction

What was once seen as a mere pastime is now a complex issue that can have significant
implications for individuals and society as a whole.

The evolution of technology plays a major role in the rise of gaming addiction. With the advent
of immersive virtual reality, high-quality graphics, and online multiplayer experiences, games
are more engaging and captivating than ever before. The ease of access to games through
smartphones and other devices also contributes to the widespread prevalence of gaming
addiction.

The moral implications surrounding gaming addiction are also worth considering. As more
individuals find solace and escape in the virtual world, it raises questions about the impact on
real-life relationships, productivity, and personal well-being. The addictive nature of certain
games can lead to neglect of responsibilities, social isolation, and even financial problems.

Furthermore, the impact of gaming addiction on health is a growing concern. Prolonged

gaming sessions can lead to physical health issues such as poor posture, eye strain, and
sedentary lifestyle habits. Mental health can also be affected, with excessive gaming linked to
increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.

Professionally, gaming addiction can have big consequences. It can slow career development,
decrease productivity, and test work relationships. Balancing professional commitments with
gaming habits can be a challenging task that requires self-discipline and effective time
management.

It is important to open discussions about gaming addiction and its implications. By raising
awareness and promoting responsible gaming habits, we can help individuals maintain a
healthy balance between their virtual and real lives.

Choose true or false for each statement and discuss it with a partner.

1. Gaming addiction has become a significant issue in recent years. (True/False)

2. The evolution of technology contributed to the rise of gaming addiction. (True/False)
3. Excessive gaming is linked to increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.
(True/False)
4. Balancing professional commitments with gaming habits is an easy task. (True/False)

2
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate vocabulary words:

widespread solace well-being neglect

1. It is important to prioritize your physical and mental ____________ for a healthy

lifestyle.

2. Gaming addiction is a ____________ issue in today's society.

3. Excessive gaming can lead to the ____________ of personal relationships and

responsibilities.

4. Some individuals find ____________ in the virtual world when facing real-life

challenges.

Wrap up

1. Do you believe that gaming addiction should be recognized as a legitimate mental

health disorder?

2. What strategies can individuals employ to maintain a healthy balance between gaming

and other aspects of life, such as work and relationships?

3. How can employers and organizations support employees who may be struggling with

gaming addiction?

4. Are there any ethical concerns surrounding the design and marketing strategies

employed by game developers to promote addiction?

5. What role do educational institutions and policymakers play in addressing gaming

addiction and promoting responsible gaming habits?

3
Unit 8 : A How do you like your current project?
Lesson 52 As a developer do you think you have good habits? What do you
do ev do every day at work that helps you write better code?

Listen and read the following conversation between two devs. Is it a good
idea to include clients in the development process?

Daniel: Hi, Jacob. How do you like your current project?

Jacob: It's OK. We develop web applications for various clients. Right now, I'm working on a
project for a healthcare company.
Daniel: That sounds interesting. Which programming languages do you typically use for web
development?
Jacob: We primarily use JavaScript for the frontend and Java for the backend. These
languages work well for our projects.
Daniel: Do you usually face many challenges in your projects?
Jacob: Yes, we do. This time we had some issues with database integration, but we solved
them on time. Overall, the project is going smoothly.
Daniel: That's good to hear. Is the project on schedule?
Jacob: Yes, we're meeting our deadlines. Our project manager ensures that we stay on track
and complete tasks as planned.
Daniel: Are there any additional features you're working on?
Jacob: We're considering adding a chatbot feature to enhance user experience. It's not ready
yet, but we believe it will be good for the application.
Daniel: Are the clients involved in the development process?
Jacob: Yes, our clients provide regular feedback and participate in milestone reviews. Their
input helps us align the project with their requirements.
Daniel: And how do you ensure the quality of your applications?
Jacob: We have a dedicated QA team that conducts rigorous testing. They verify the
functionality, performance, and security of the applications we develop.
Daniel: It seems like you have a well-organized process. Keep up the good work!
Jacob: Thank you!

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb in the present simple
tense.Find the answers in the conversation above.

1. How __________ you like your current project?

2. We __________ web applications for various clients.
3. Right now, I __________ on a project for a healthcare company.
4. Our project manager __________ that we stay on track.
5. Our clients __________ regular feedback.

1
Grammar

Simple present

We use the simple present to talk about habits, routines or permanent situations.

Be (am, are, is) Positive Positive

I- am I am a software developer.
He/she/it- is You are an IT professional.
We/you/they- are The system is reliable.
We are in the meeting room.
They are IT specialists.

Questions Questions

For questions, the subject and Are you an IT professional?

verb switch places. Why are you a software
developer

Other verbs Positive Positive

In positive when the We always meet our deadlines.

subject is He, She or It you She always meets her
need to add “s”/”es” to the deadlines.
verb. (notice
the “s” at the end of the verb
meet).

Negative Negative

For negatives, you need the We don’t meet our deadlines.

auxiliary do/does followed She doesn’t meet her deadlines.
by a NOT.

Questions Questions

For questions, you need to Do you meet your deadlines?

use the auxiliary do/does Does she meet her deadlines?
before the subject.

Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences.

1. We (develop / developing) web applications for various clients.

2. The project manager (ensures / ensure) that we stay on track.
3. Our clients (provides / provide) regular feedback.
4. How (do / does) you like your current project?
5. I (working / work) on a project for a healthcare company.

2
Transform the statements from the previous exercise into questions.

Example:
Statement: They design web applications for various clients.
Questions: Do they design web applications for various clients?

1.
2.
3.
4. Skip this one 🧑‍💻
5.

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb "to be" (am,
is, are) in the present simple tense.

1.The software developers ________ responsible for coding and programming.

2. Our team ________ highly skilled in IT infrastructure management.
3. The project manager ________ in charge of overseeing the software development
process.
4. The network administrators ________ responsible for maintaining the company's
network.
5. The database servers ________ located in the data center.

Transform the statements from the previous exercise into questions.

Example:
Statement: The team is on schedule to finish the sprint.
Questions: Is the team on schedule to finish the sprint?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Wrap up

1. What kind of projects do you usually work on?

2. Which programming languages are used for frontend and backend development in your
projects?
3. How do you ensure that your projects are delivered on time and meet the set deadlines?
4. Are there any additional features or functionalities that you're planning to add to your
current projects?
5. How actively involved are the clients in the development process? Do they provide
feedback and participate in milestone reviews?

3
Unit 8 : B I’d love to work with AI.
Lesson 53 Do you have any preferences when you work with technology or
des design? What aspects do you enjoy or dislike?

Listen and read the following conversation between a developer and a

product designer. What activity does Daniel enjoy doing in his free time?
What about Alice?

Daniel: Good morning! So, Alice, what do you like doing in your free time?
Alice: Hey there! Well, I really enjoy painting and sketching. It’s relaxing and creative. How
about you? What do you like to do in your spare time?
Daniel: Oh, I'm into coding, of course! I like working on side projects and experimenting with
new programming languages. It keeps me challenged and improves my skills.
Alice: That's great! I admire developers like you. To be honest, I don’t enjoy coding. I prefer to
focus on the visual aspect of design.
Daniel: That's completely understandable. Everyone has their own preferences and strengths.
By the way, do you hate using certain software tools for design?
Alice: Well, hate is a strong word, but I strongly dislike working with outdated design software.
It slows down my workflow and makes the entire process frustrating.
Daniel: I get it. As a developer, I feel the same way about using outdated programming
languages. It slows productivity and makes the code harder to maintain.
Alice: Definitely! We're in the same boat. By the way, is there any particular project you would
like to work on in the future?
Daniel: Absolutely! I would love to work on an AI-related project. Building intelligent systems
that can make our lives easier is fascinating to me.
Alice: That sounds exciting! I’m sure AI will revolutionize various industries. Personally, I enjoy
collaborating on projects that involve creating user-friendly interfaces.
Daniel: I agree, user experience plays a crucial role in the success of any product. It's great to
hear that you enjoy that aspect. I believe our skills can complement each other in future
projects.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb. Use the conversation
above for reference.
1. Daniel mentioned that he enjoys ______ on side projects and ________with new
programming languages.
2. Alice mentioned that she doesn't enjoy ______, but prefers to focus on the visual aspect
of design.
3. Daniel: “I strongly dislike ____with outdated design software”
4. Daniel mentioned that he would love ______ on an AI-related project in the future.
5. Alice: “What do you like ____ in your spare time?

1
Grammar

Gerund or Infinitive complements with the verbs LIKE, HATE, PREFER, WOULD LIKE, and ENJOY.

Gerunds and infinitives are two types of verb complements and may be used as the subject or object
of a sentence.

Complement: Use: Examples:

Gerund (verb + ing) ● After certain verbs: Like, ● Recruiters enjoy asking a lot of
hate, prefer, enjoy, etc. questions.
● After prepositions: ● Thank you for not smoking in
In, on, at, for, before, after, the server room.
about. ● Coding is more difficult than
● As the subject or object of a designing.
sentence.

Infinitive (to + verb) ● After certain verbs: ● I’d like to attend a lecture on AI.
Like, hate, prefer, would like
● After adjectives: ● It’s cheap to study with
Easy, cheap, comfortable YouTube

Transform the verb in parentheses to complete the sentences. There may be

more than one correct answer.

1. I enjoy ______ (read) programming books in my spare time.

2. She prefers ______ (work) independently rather than in a team.
3. They hate ______ (write) documentation for their projects.
4. We would like ______ (attend) a coding workshop next month.
5. He doesn't mind ______ (debug) complex code.
6. I love ______ (travel) to different countries and networking with devs from all the world.
7. It’s complicated _______ (choose) a secure password. It’s very important_____
(remember) it.
8. ______ (start) a new project requires a lot of time and energy.
9. They enjoy ______ (play) video games in their free time.
10. He needs ______ (study) more to improve his programming skills.
11. The team is excited about (release) _______ the new software update next week.
12. We hate_____ (debug) code for hours without finding the error.
13. He prefers _____(design) intuitive user interfaces that provide a seamless experience.
14. They would like _____(learn) new programming languages to expand their skill set.
15. I like _____(collaborate) with other developers on challenging projects.

2
Wrap up

1. What activities or hobbies help you relax and express your creativity?
2. Can you tell me about a side project or coding challenge that you've worked on recently?
3. What did you enjoy about it?
4. What aspect of design do you find interesting?
5. What areas or industries will AI make a significant impact? How do you see your role as a
developer in those scenarios?

3
Unit 9 : A It's a kind of programming language.
Lesson 55 Do you know how to develop for Python? What’s your favorite
g abo thing about programming in Python? What have you heard?

Listen and read the following conversation between Daniel and Gabrielle, a
developer and a designer. Notice how Daniel tries to explain the new concept
to Gabrielle. Underline the uses of the phrase “kind of”.

Daniel: Hi, Gabrielle! I'm working with a new programming language, and I wanted to explain
it to you. It’s kind of like Python but with a few unique features.
Gabrielle: Oh, that sounds interesting, Daniel. So, it's similar to Python, but it has some distinct
characteristics, right?
Daniel: Exactly! It's a kind of programming language that inherits many concepts from
Python, like its syntax and readability, but it also introduces some novel functionalities.
Gabrielle: I see. Can you give me an example of how it's different from Python?
Daniel: Of course! In this new language, we have a built-in module for parallel processing,
which allows developers to execute multiple tasks simultaneously. Python doesn't have this
feature, so the characteristic sets this language apart.
Gabrielle: Ah, I understand now. So, it's kind of like Python, but it adds this unique functionality
for parallel processing.
Daniel: Precisely! You've got it. It's kind of like Python but with an added focus on parallelism.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expression found in the conversation.

1. This language is________________ Python but with a few

unique features.
2. It's_____________programming language that inherits
many concepts from Python
3. It's______________Python but with an added focus on
parallelism

Now read how Gabrielle explains design terms to Daniel. Complete the following
sentences with “a kind of” or “kind of like” using the exercise above to help you.

1. “Casual” isn’t a font it’s _____________ script.

2. “Canva” is ___________ design platform. It’s ___________ Photoshop or Canva.
3. “Lorem ipsum dolor sit” is _____________ a place holder text.

1
Grammar
It’s kind of / It’s kind of like

These are phrases commonly used to explain foreign concepts by placing them in a category or
comparing them to something similar.

It’s a kind of + category Explain or describe a A USB is a kind of bus used for
concept by placing it in a connecting hard disk drives and similar
broad category. devices to the motherboard.

The audio card is a kind of component

that allows the
computer to play and record audio.

It’s kind of like + similar Explain or describe a VGA is kind of like USB but older
concept concept by comparing it to
something similar. A GPU is kind of like a CPU for graphics.

Note: In this case, the verb “like” is NOT about preferences, it’s used to introduce an example.

Write one or two sentences explaining each of the following concepts. Use “It’s a
kind of + category” and “It’s kind of like + similar concept” if possible.
- Example
Variables: A variable is kind of like a label or container to store a specific value. It’s a kind of
value that can change.

1. RAM 9. HDD
_______________________ _________________________

2. Functions 10. Debugging

_______________________ _________________________

3. Methods 11. Agile Development

_______________________ _________________________

4. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) 12. Testing

_______________________ _________________________

5. MySQL 13. Deployment

_______________________ _________________________

6. Arrays 14. Web Development

______________________ _________________________

7. Database 15. Algorithm

_______________________ _________________________

8. API (Application Programming Interfaces) 16. Google Chrome

_______________________ _________________________

2
Wrap up

1.How do you explain the concept of control flow in programming to someone who is new to
coding?
2.What’s your favorite API? Do you use it in your projects? Share an example and explain how
it helped you?
3.What are some common debugging techniques you use to identify and fix software bugs?
4.Can you describe a project where you used an Agile development approach? What were
the benefits of using this methodology?
5.In your experience, what are some important security considerations developers need to
keep in mind while building software applications?

3
Unit 9 : B We’re going to start a new project.
Lesson 55 Do you have any plans for next weekend? What are you going to
do do with your family? What will you do if that plan doesn’t work
ou out?

Listen and read the following conversation between two developers Daniel
and Lucy. Notice how they speak about the future by using “will” and “be
going to”.

Lucy: Hey, Daniel! Do you have any plans for the weekend?
Daniel: Yes, I do! I think I will attend a coding lecture on Saturday. It's about the latest web
development trends and admission is free. What about you?
Lucy: That sounds exciting! I am going to work on a new project for a client.
We're going to build a mobile app for a healthcare startup.
Daniel: Oh, cool! Can I join you? I want to learn more about mobile app
development.
Lucy: Sure, you can! We are going to meet at the office at 9 a.m. tomorrow to
discuss the project requirements. You can join us then.
Daniel: Great! I'll be there on time. By the way, do you think it will rain tomorrow? I need to
know if I should bring my umbrella.
Lucy: Hmm, let me check the weather forecast. According to the forecast, it is going to be a
sunny day tomorrow. So, you won't need your umbrella.
Daniel: Perfect! I'll leave it at home then. Thanks for checking.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expression found in the conversation.

1. Perfect! I __________ leave my umbrella at home then.

2. We ___________ meet at the office at 9 a.m.
3. I think I ________attend a free coding lecture on Saturday.
4. Thanks for the invitation. I ________be there on time.
5. Do you think it ________ rain tomorrow?
6. We_____________ build a mobile app for a healthcare startup.

1
Grammar
Future with “will” and “be going to”

The use of the different types of future depends on how likely (how probable) something is to
happen.

Subject + be going to + "Be going to" is used for intentions, I’m going to have an important
verb in base plans, and future events that are call at 11:00am.
● am going to already scheduled or certain
● is going to You’re not going to start working
● are going to with a new client until next month.

Subject + be not going to +

verb in base

Be going to + subject+ verb Are we going to meet after work

in base for a beer?

Is she going to take the job in

Chicago?

Subject + will + verb in base Will" is often used for decisions or Sounds good. I’ll be there.
predictions
Production won’t have any
Subject + won’t + verb in problem over the weekend, I can
base feel it.

*won’t = will not

Will + subject + verb in Will the call finish early without

base Charles here?

Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of “be going to” or
“will”. There may be more than one possible answer. Explain your choice.
1. Lucy: I have a meeting with the CEO tomorrow. I ____________ present our new software
solution.
2. Daniel: We need to fix the bug in the system. I _______________ work on it this afternoon.
3. Lucy: Our team ____________ release the updated version of the app next month.
4. Daniel: The server is down. I think we _______________ need to call the IT support team.
5. Lucy: I have a feeling that the company _______________ expand into international
markets soon.
6. Daniel: We have a deadline to meet. I _______________ put in some extra hours this week.
7. Lucy: I am attending a conference next week. I _______________ learn about the latest AI
technologies.

2
Choose the right option to complete the sentences. How many of them can you
turn into questions?

1. Lucy and Daniel ________________ give 2 We have a new project, and I think we
a presentation at the tech conference next ___________________ need more
month. developers on our team.
a) will a) will
b) am going to b) am going to
c) are going to c) are going to
d) is going to d) is going to

3. Sarah has been studying machine learning, 4. Our company

and she ___________________ apply for a ___________________ launch a
data scientist position. new software product next year.
a) will a) will
b) am going to b) am going to
c) are going to c) are going to
d) is going to d) is going to

5. I ___________________ start learning a 6. The CEO just announced that we

new programming language next week. ___________________ have a
a) will team-building event next month.
b) am going to a) will
c) are going to b) am going to
d) is going to c) are going to
d) is going to

7. The developers ___________________

attend a workshop on cybersecurity next week.
a) will
b) am going to
c) are going to
d) is going to

Wrap up

1. What are some future technologies or trends in the IT industry that you think will have a
significant impact in the coming years? How do you think they will shape our lives?

2. Do you believe artificial intelligence will play a significant role in the future of software
development? Why or why not?

3. What kind of software applications or solutions will be in high demand in the future?
4. How do you imagine remote work in software development will be in the future? Do you think it
will become the norm?