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Variation in Phytochemical, Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Contents of some

Local Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Accessions from Nigeria

Article in Journal of Seed Science · July 2022

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Nigerian Journal of Seed Science (NJSS) 6 (1) 1 – 13 (2022)

Variation in Phytochemical, Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Contents of some

Local Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Accessions from Nigeria

*Oyelakin A. S.1, Omotosho Z. O.1, Oyelakin F. O.2, Obiwole E. T.1, Olabisi A. O.1, Popoola
A. O.1 and Adekola O. O.1

1
Department of Pure and Applied Botany, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State,
Nigeria
2
Department of Crop and Animal Science, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]. +2348035216157

Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable grown in Nigeria for its edible fruits.
The adoption and cultivation of improved tomato cultivars by farmers in Nigeria, has made most
research efforts on phytochemical, proximate, mineral and vitamin contents to be on improved
cultivars, but with paucity of information on local tomato varieties. The objective of this study was
to determine the phytochemical, proximate, minerals and vitamins contents of some local tomato
accessions. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in five replicates.
Macro-Kjeldhal, Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC), and spectrophotometric
methods were employed to determine the sample contents. Duncan Multiple Range Test was used
to separate the means at 5 % probability level. Results of phytochemical analysis showed that
NGB00698, NGB00717 and NGB00718 had overall better phytochemical quality over the
improved cultivar. Results of proximate analysis showed that NGB00718 was outstanding and
recorded the highest values over other local tomato accessions and improved cultivar. Results of
mineral analysis showed that NGB00718 had highest values of magnesium and iron contents (11.91
µg/100g) and (0.3 µg/100g), respectively over other local tomato accessions and improved cultivar.
However, improved cultivar had highest calcium content (11.49 µg/100g) over all local tomato
accessions. Vitamin A content (254.22 mg/100g) was highest in improved cultivar over all local
tomato accessions. However, vitamin C content (13.56 mg/100g) was higher in NGB00718 than
improved cultivar while vitamin E content was highest in NGB00696, NGB00698, NGB00717 and
improved cultivar (0.55 mg/100g) over other local tomato accessions. Accession NGB00718 is
observed to be outstanding averagely in terms of the phytochemicals, proximate, vitamin and
mineral contents, followed by NGB00698 and NGB00717. This suggests that consumption of these
three local tomato accessions could significantly contribute to the nutritional and health needs of
their consumers and their cultivation is henceforth advocated.

Keywords: Phytochemical, proximate, minerals, vitamins, tomato accessions

1
 Oyelakin et. al. (2022)

Introduction

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an improved cultivars because of the big size, and
important vegetable grown in Nigeria for its bright fruit colour. The rate at which farmers
edible fruits (Showemimo et al., 2006). In are now adopting cultivation of improved
Nigeria, the fruits are eaten raw or processed cultivars due to their improved quality such as
into a variety of consumed products. Nigeria is tolerance to diseases, higher yield, earliness to
ranked the highest in Africa in terms of tomato maturity, taste etc is increasing geometrically
production with an estimation of 3,500,000 and most of the cultivars are imported.
tonnes in 2019 (FAOSTAT, 2021). It is widely However, the need to identify nutritional
grown by peasant farmers to serve as a source quality of the available local cultivars for
of income but largely cultivated by commercial breeding and improvement program can help
farmers for foregin exchange earnings in the country solve malnutrition, ensure food
Nigeria (Ojo et al., 2013). security and save foreign exchange instead of
importation of improved cultivars from
Tomato belongs to the family Solanaceae and developed countries. These local tomato
the genus Solanum L. It consists of 2,000 varieties such as cherry-like and “tomato
species and widely distributed in the tropical abalaye” are gradually going into extinction,
and sub-tropical area. It was previously thereby leading into the loss of genetic
recognized as Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., variability. Idowu-Agida et al. (2012) and
but was later trasferred to the the genus Oyelakin et al. (2021) reported that genetic
Solanum on the basis of morphological base of most crops is being narrowed due to the
characters and molecular sequences (Peralta replacement of local varieties with the
and Spooner, 2005). improved cultivars. It is possible that some of
Tomato is a good source of minerals like these local tomato varieties such as cherry-like
calcium, iron, and magnesium as well as and “tomato abalaye” may posses the abiliy to
vitamins A, C and K (Kallo, 1991). Vitamins tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses compared to
play important roles in human health, on repair improved cultivars such as brandywine, roma,
of bone tissue and immune system celebrity, raf, lifter, and better boy as reported
(Odoriozola-Serrano et al., 2008). Tomato has for some pepper landraces by Idowu-Agida et
medicinal values such as blood purification, al. (2012).
cure of digestive ailments, and prevention of
breast and cervical cancers (Rafflo et al., 2006; In Nigeria, most research efforts have been
Kaushik et al., 2011). It also posseses focusing on the phytochemical (Rashida et al.,
antioxidant compounds for human metabolism 2015), proximate (Rafflo et al., 2006), minerals
(Rashida et al., 2015). Tomato has been (Causse et al., 2007) and vitamin (Odoriozola-
reported to have high moisture content, but low Serrano et al., 2008; Di Matteo et al., 2010)
protein, total lipids, and carbohydrates with contents of improved cultivars due to their wide
94.78%, 1.167%, 0.97% and 3.18%, adoption and cultivation by farmers. However,
respectively (Odoriozola-Serrano et al., 2008). there is paucity of scientific information on the
phytochemical, proximate, minerals and
The nutritional potentials, medicinal vitamin contents of some local tomato
importance and commercial values of tomato varieties. This research was therefore an
encourage its cultivation and production in attempt to bridge this research gap, hence this
Nigeria but farmers prefer the cultivation of study aimed at determining the phytochemical,
2
 Variation in Phytochemical, Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Contents of some Local tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Accessions from Nigeria

proximate, minerals and vitamin contents of described by Harborne (1984). Flavoniod and
some local tomato accessions. tannin were detremined using ethyl acetate
precipitation method described by Bohn and
Kocital (1994) while saponin content was
Materials and Methods calculated using Obadoni and Ochuko (2001)
method. Antocyanin content was determined
Seeds of local tomato accessions were collected according to Kong et al. (2003) procedures.
from the National Centre for Genetic Resources
and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan Determination of proximate contents
while seeds of the improved cultivar were
bought from a major shopping mall in Ibadan. Moisture content determination
The seeds of each accession were planted in 10 Moisture content was determined by thermal
litres plastic pots arranged in single lines of drying method (AOAC, 1990). Two (2.0 g)
inter and intra row (70cm x 50cm) and filled gram of dried sample was weighed in triplicate
with 5 kg of loamy soil in five replicates in the and placed in washed, dried and weighed
screen house at the Department of Pure and crucible, then oven dried at 105 °C for 3 hrs.
Applied Botany, Federal University of The sample was allowed to cool in a desiccator
Agriculture, Abeokuta (Latitude 7°9'N and and then re-weighed. The percentage moisture
longitude 30°21'E) Nigeria in the year 2021. content was calculated by computing or
The experimental set up was Complete expressing the loss in weight on drying as a
Randomized Design with one plant per pot in fraction of the initial weight of sample used and
five replicates. The plants were irrigated with multiplied by 100.
75 cl of water per pot (75 cl plastic water bottle MC (%) =
Wo × 100
was used as a measuring device) for three times Wi
in a week till maturity. The fruits were Where: MC = Moisture content; Wo = Loss in
harvested at maturity after full ripening. weight (g) on drying; Wi = Initial weight of
Laboratory analyses were done at the Cell sample (g)
Biology laboratory in the Institute of
Agricultural Research and Training (IAR & T),
Ibadan. Crude fibre content determination
Crude fibre was determined by weighing 2.0 g
Preparation of samples of sample into a round bottom flask, then 100
Harvested fresh fruit samples of each accession cm3 of 0.25 M Sulphuric acid solution was
were washed with distilled water, cut into added and the mixture boiled under reflux for
pieces, and treated with concentrated Chlorine 30 mins. The hot solution was filtered under
solution. The samples were then oven dried at suction. The insoluble matter was washed
60 o C for 24 hrs, ground into powder form and several times with hot water until it was acid
stored in air-tight container. One hundred (100 free. The sample was quantitatively transferred
g) gram of each sample was weighed and into the flask and 100 cm3 of hot 0.31 M
extracted with methanol for the analyses Sodium Hydroxide solution was added. The
(AOAC, 1990). residue was washed with hot water until it was
base free and then oven dried to a constant
Determination of phytochemical contents weight at 100 °C. The mixture was cooled in a
desiccator and weighed (C1). The weighed
Steroid was dertemined using AMC-RSC
sample (C1) was then incinerated in a muffle
(2004) procedures while the alkaloid content
was determined using gravimetric methods
3
 Oyelakin et. al. (2022)

furnace at 550 °C for 2 hrs, then cooled in a at 500 °C for 3 hrs. The crucible was removed
desiccator and reweighed (C2) (AOAC, 1990). from the furnace, allowed to cool in a
desiccator, and reweighed. The percentage ash
Calculation: The loss in weight on incineration content was calculated using the formula
= C1 - C2 below:
C1 − C2 Ma
% Crude fibre = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑥 100 Ash (%) = Ms 𝑥 100
Where Ma = Mass of ash (g);
Ms = Mass of sample used (g)
Dry matter content determination
Dry matter was determined by deducting the
Crude protein content determination
moisture content from 100, i.e. Dry matter (%)
This was done by determining the total organic
= 100 - Moisture content (AOAC, 1990).
nitrogen using the macro-Kjeldhal method and
multiplying the value by 6.35 (Koyuncu et al.,
Fat content determination
2014). This involved digestion, distillation and
This was done using Soxhlet direct solvent
titration
extraction method (AOAC 1990). A clean, 14 × M × Vt× V
dried 500 cm3 round bottom flask containing Calculation: % N2 = Weight of sample (mg) × Va
few anti-bumping granules was Weighed (W1).
One (1.0 g) gram of the dried sample was Where: M = Actual Molarity of Acid; Vt =
weighed and secured in soxhlet extraction Total volume of diluted digest; V = Titre value
thimble. The thimble was then put into 20 (Volume) of HCL used; Va = Aliquot volume
cm3 capacity soxhlet extractor. A washed, distilled, (6.25 is a general factor suitable for
oven-dried 100 cm3 round-bottomed flask was products).
weighed, and 60 cm3 of petroleum ether was
added. The flask was then mounted on the % Crude Protein = % N2 (Nitrogen) × 6.25
heating mantle and connected to the extractor
(with condenser). The condenser and heating Carbohydrate content determination
mantle were then activated and extraction Carbohydrate was determined as described by
carried on for 4 hrs. The solvent was recovered Aina et al. (2012) citing AOAC (1990) using
and the oil was oven dried at 70 °C for 1 hr. The the formula:
round bottom flask and oil was then weighed Carbohydrate (%) = 100 – (% Moisture content
(W2). + % Crude fibre content + % Dry matter
W2 − W1 content + % fat content + % Ash content+ %
% Fat content = 𝑥 100
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 Crude protein content).
Ash content determination Determination of mineral content and
This was determined using the ignition method vitamins
(AOAC 1990). The crucible was washed and
Calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were
pre-heated in a muffle furnace at 500 °C for 3
determined by method described by Okalebo et
hrs. Two (2.0) g of oven-dried sample was
al. (2002) using Atomic Absorption
weighed, placed in pre-heated, cooled and
Spectrophotometer (Model 3030 Perkin Elmer,
weighed porcelain crucible and then
Nortwalk, USA) while iron (Fe) was
reweighed. The crucible was covered with its
determined using calorimetric method of
lid, and the number is noted before placing in a
Mohammed et al. (2011). Vitamins A, C and E
cold muffle furnace. The ashing was carried on
were determined using AOAC (1990) method.
4
 Variation in Phytochemical, Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Contents of some Local tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Accessions from Nigeria

Statistical analysis Highest steroid content of (0.61 %) was

recorded in NGB00717 which was
Data were subjected to analysis of variance significantly higher (p˂0.05) than the steroid
(ANOVA), using the Statistical Package for content of improved cultivar (0.57 %). Four
Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM, other local accessions (NGB00714,
2011). Means were separated by Duncan NGB00713, NGB00722 and NGB00724) had
Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5 % level of higher steroid content above the improved
probability. cultivar. The least steroid content of (0.55 %)
was recorded in two local accessions
Results (NGB00696 and NGB00711) (Table 1).
Phytochemical analysis results (Table 1)
showed that highest saponin content (1.49 %) With respect to anthocyanin content, improved
was recorded in both NGB00713 and cultivar had the highest anthocyanin content
NGB00718 which was significantly higher (1.36 %) which is significantly (p<0.05)
(p˂0.05) than the saponin content of improved followed by three local accessions
cultivar (1.36 %). Four other local accessions (NGB00698, NGB00718, and NGB00722).
(NGB00714, NGB00698, NGB00716 and The tannin content was also observed to vary
NGB00722) had higher saponin content above among the tomato lines. NGB00698 recorded
the improved cultivar while NGB00711 had the the highest tannin content (0.30 %) and this was
least saponin content (1.31 %). However, significantly different (p>0.05) from the tannin
saponin content of improved cultivar (1.36 %) content of the improved cultivar (0.29 %)
was significantly higher (p˂0.05) than the while NGB00716 had the least tannin content
saponin content of three local accessions (0.22 %). Only NGB00698 had higher tannin
(NGB00717, NGB00724 and NGB00711) content (0.30 %) above the improved cultivar.
(Table 1). However, tannin content of improved cultivar
(0.29 %) was significantly higher (p>0.05) than
Alkaloid content also varied significantly six local accessions (Table 1).
among the accessions. NGB00717 had the
highest alkaloid content (2.44 %) but not A critical look at the fat, ash, crude fibre, crude
significantly higher (p˃0.05) than NGB00714 protein and carbohydrate contents showed that
(2.43 %) while NGB00716 had the least NGB00718 was outstanding and recorded the
alkaloid content of 2.17 %. There was however highest values which is significantly different
no significant difference between the alkaloid from all the other tomato lines and it is closely
content of improved cultivar and two other followed by NGB00722. The improved cultivar
local accessions (NGB00696 and NGB00724) recorded average values for these proximate
as revealed by (Table 1). contents while NGB00716 had the lowest and
significant values for these five proximate
Flavonoid content varied significantly among attributes (Table 2).
the accessions. Four local accessions
(NGB00698, NGB00717, NGB00722 and The results for the vitamin and mineral contents
NGB00724) had higher flavonoid content in Table 3 revealed that NGB00717 had the
above the improved cultivar.. However, highest vitamin A content (255.93 mg/100g)
flavonoid content of improved cultivar (0.28 which is not significantly different (p>0.05)
%) was significantly higher (p˂0.05) than the from the vitamin A content of improved
flavonoid content of three local accessions cultivar (254.22 mg/100g). The least value of
(NGB00711, NGB00714 and NGB00716) vitamin A content (207.38 µg/100g) was
(Table 1). recorded in NGB00711 (Table 3).
5
 Oyelakin et. al. (2022)

Table 1: Phytochemical contents of local tomato accessions and improved cultivar

Accession Saponin Alkaloid Flavonoid Steroid (%) Anthocyanin Tannin

Number (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
NGB00696 1.36±0.06d 2.31±0.03c 0,28±0.01b 0.55±0.02cd 1.00±0.02d 0.29±0.01b
NGB00698 1.42±0.03bc 2.41±0.05b 0.30±0.01a 0.57±0.01c 1.14±0.01b 0.30±0.02a
NGB00711 1.31±0.04f 2.18±0.03d 0.27±0.03c 0.55±0.02d 0.82±0.01f 0.24±0.02c
NGB00713 1.49±0.04a 2.41±0.02b 0.28±0.02b 0.59±0.02b 1.07±0.01d 0.29±0.01b
NGB00714 1.46±0.03b 2.43±0.03ab 0.27±0.01c 0.60±0.02ab 1.12±0.02c 0.29±0.01b
NGB00716 1.43±0.03bc 2.17±0.03d 0.27±0.01c 0.57±0.01c 1.02±0.02e 0.22±0.01d
NGB00717 1.35±0.01d 2.44±0.07a 0.30±0.02a 0.61±0.02a 0.99±0.01f 0.24±0.01c
NGB00718 1.49±0.02a 2.39±0.05bc 0.28±0.01b 0.56±0.02cd 1.14±0.01b 0.28±0.02bc
NGB00722 1.39±0.04c 2.38±0.05bc 0.29±0.01ab 0.59±0.01b 1.14±0.02b 0.27±0.01bc
NGB00724 1.32±0.02e 2.30±0.03c 0.29±0.01ab 0.59±0.02b 1.13±0.01b 0.28±0.02bc
Improved 1.36±0.04d 2.30±0.03c 0.28±0.02b 0.57±0.02c 1.36±0.02a 0.29±0.02b
cultivar
Means (± standard error) followed by different superscripts within the columns are significantly different at 5%
level of probability

Table 2: Proximate content of local tomato accessions and improved cultivar

Accession Moisture Dry matter Fat Ash Crude fibre Crude Carbohydrate
Number (g/100g) (g/100g) (g/100g) (g/100g) (g/100g) protein (g/100g)
(g/100g)
NGB00696 93.34± 0.54d 6.66± 0.54f 0.21± 0.02cd 0.45± 0.02de 1.15± 0.05f 0.89± 0.04e 3.96± 0.27d
NGB00698 92.20± 0.63f 7.80± 0.49d 0.21± 0.01cd 0.52± 0.03c 1.32± 0.07d 1.08± 0.03c 4.67± 0.36b
NGB00711 93.10± 0.67d 6.90± 0.16e 0.19± 0.01d 0.43± 0.02e 1.18± 0.03e 0.93± 0.04de 4.17± 0.49cd
NGB00713 94.51± 1.42b 5.49± 0.56g 0.14± 0.02e 0.37± 0.01f 0.96± 0.03h 0.74± 0.07f 3.28± 0.14f
NGB00714 91.82± 0.64g 8.18± 0.42c 0.25± 0.01ab 0.58± 0.03b 1.47± 0.04c 1.14± 0.05b 4.73± 0.22b
NGB00716 94.95± 1.75a 5.05± 0.88h 0.13± 0.01e 0.33± 0.01g 0.90±2a0.04i 0.66 ± 0.03g 3.03± 0.29g
NGB00717 92.94± 1.16e 7.06± 0.24d 0.22± 0.02c 0.47± 0.02d 1.12± 0.03g 0.96 ± 0.05d 4.29± 0.15c
NGB00718 90.05± 1.13h 9.95± 0.83a 0.28± 0.01a 0.68± 0.04a 1.76± 0.05a 1.36± 0.04a 5.87± 0.69a
NGB00722 91.69± 1.44g 8.31± 0.42b 0.24± 0.02b 0.54± 0.02bc 1.55± 0.04b 1.12± 0.01bc 4.86 ± 0.26b
NGB00724 93.87± 1.56c 6.13± 0.64f 0.19± 0.01d 0.41± 0.01ef 1.06± 0.03h 0.78± 0.04f 3.69±0.35e
a
Improved 93.35± 0.55d 6.90± 0.04e 0.21± 0.01cd 0.45± 0.02de 1.18±2 0.03e 0.94±0.06de 3.17±0.02Sf
cultivar

Means (± standard error) followed by different superscripts within the columns are significantly different at 5%
level of probability

6
 Variation in Phytochemical, Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Contents of some Local tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Accessions from Nigeria

Significant variations were also observed for NGB00711 with 9.87 µg/100g as shown in
Vitamin C content as NGB00718 recorded Table 3.
significant and highest with 13.56 mg/100g.
The improved cultivar with 13.10 mg/100g was A cursory look at the magnesium content
ahead of six local accessions in terms of revealed that NGB00718 was outstsanding
vitamin C content. NGB00711 had the least with 11.91 µg/100g) which is significantly
vitamin C content (11.11 mg/100g) (Table 3). different (p<0.05) from the other local tomato
The results of vitamin E showed that improved accessions including the improved cultivar.
cultivar, NGB00696 and NGB00698 had Other tomato lines with good magnesium
highest vitamin E content (0.55 mg/100g). content includes improved cultivar (11.78
However, other local accessions had lower µg/100g) NGB00724 (11.79 µg/100g) and
vitamin E content than the improved cultivar NGB00714 (11.82 µg/100g). However, iron
(Table 3). content was statistically similar and higher
(p<0.05) in seven accessions and the improved
The results of the mineral analysis showed that cultivar with ranging between 0.27 µg/100g
improved cultivar had the highest calcium and 0.30 µg/100g. Accessions NGB00696 and
content (11.49 µg/100g) which is significantly NGB00716 recorded the least iron content of
different (p<0.05) from all the local accessions. 0.20 µg/100g, respectively
The least calcium content was / recorded in

Table 3: Mineral and vitamin content of local tomato accessions and improved cultivar

Accession Vit A Vit C Vit E Calcium Magnesium Iron

Number (mg/100g) (mg/100g) (mg/100g) (µg/100g) (µg/100g) (µg/100g)
NGB00696 231.46 ± 2.53f 12.30 ± 0.21c 0.55 ± 0.01a 10.18± 0.85g 11.15± 0.17g 0.20± 0.01e
NGB00698 242.81± 2.62d 12.98± 0.48c 0.55± 0.01a 10.81 ± 0.05c 11.55± 0.05d 0.27 ± 0.01c
NGB00711 207.38± 3.83h 11.11± 0.56d 0.53± 0.01b 9.87± 0.29i 11.34± 0.39f 0.24± 0.01d
NGB00713 251.06± 2.04b 13.45 ± 0.47ab 0.53± 0.09b 10.87± 0.12c 11.71± 0.26c 0.29± 0.01ab
NGB00714 241.74 ± 3.12d 12.91± 0.68bc 0.54± 0.01ab 11.02± 0.06b 11.82 ± 0.14b 0.29± 0.01ab
NGB00716 219.50 ± 2.37g 12.30± 0.26c 0.52 ± 0.01c 10.04± 0.04h 11.12± 0.25g 0.20± 0.01e
NGB00717 255.93 ± 2.81a 13.06± 0.56b 0.55± 0.01a 10.39 ± 0.04d 11.48± 0.26e 0.28± 0.02b
NGB00718 238.56 ± 3.05e 13.56± 0.35a 0.54± 0.09ab 11.10± 0.18b 11.91± 0.08a 0.30± 0.01a
NGB00722 248.73 ± 2.93c 13.11± 0.85b 0.53± 0.01b 10.61± 0.15e 11.69± 0.33c 0.28± 0.02b
NGB00724 248.11 ± 1.66c 12.86± 0.74bc 0.53± 0.01b 10.32± 0.05f 11.79± 0.64b 0.28± 0.02b
Improved
254.22 ± 2.01a 13.10± 0.61b 0.55± 0.01a 11.49 ± 0.04a 11.78± 0.06b 0.28± 0.02b
cultivar
Means (± standard error) followed by different superscripts within the columns are significantly different at 5% level
of probability

7
 Oyelakin et. al. (2022)

tomato were in the range of 91.47 % to 97.83

Discussion %. The high moisture content in both local
Phytochemicals such as steroids, anthocyanin tomato accessions and improved cultivar
and tannins are a large group of plant-derived (control) suggests why tomatoes have low shelf
compounds responsible for most of the disease life, hence could not be stored for a long period
protection provided by diets high in fruits and of time without spoilage. This corroboates the
vegetables (Arts and Hollman, 2005). In this findings of Oyelakin et al. (2018) on moisture
study, none of the local accessions and the content of some vaieties of Capsicum species.
improved cultivar had high percatentge for all However, the relative low moisture content of
the phytochemical parameters. It was observed NGB00718 suggests high shelf life for this
that three local accessions had overall better accession.
phytochemical quality over the improved The crude protein content was generally low in
cultivar. The findings from this study is in both local tomato accessions and improved
contrary to the results of Ugbaja et al. (2017). cultivar but NGB00718 had the highest crude
They reported high phytochemical content for protein content. However, the highest crude
tomato cultivars. However, this is not protein recorded in NGB00718 suggests that
surprising because Dar et al. (2015) had the accession is better in terms of crude protein
reported that lower or higher values for the compostion than the improved cultivar. The
phytochemical contents of tomato fruits low crude protein recorded for both local
depends on the environmet where the plants tomato accessions and improved cultivar could
grow. be reasons why plants are generally considered
However, the relatively high amount of to have low protein contents. This agrees with
phytochemicals recorded in NGB00698, the findings of Vincent et al. (2009) who
NGB00717 and NGB00718 showed that they reported that plants generally have higher
can serve as a source of antioxidants as amount of non-protein nitrogen. The low crude
improved cultivar. Hence, these three protein values reported in this study for both
accessions could be selected for their local tomato accessions and improved cultivar
phytochemicals content improvement. This is suggests why tomato consumers in Nigeria
because phytochemicals can display a huge have been combining it with other high
array of biochemical and pharmacological proteinous food in order to meet their protein
effects that affect the function of the immune requirements.
system and inflammatory processes (Middleton Fat was relatively low in both local tomato
and Kandaswami, 1992). Also, phytochemicals accessions and improved cultivar but
are considered health-promoting disease- NGB00714 and NGB00718 had appreciable
preventing dietary compounds due to their high values than the improved cultivar. Davis et
antioxidants, antiviral, anti-allergic and anti- al. (2003) reported that a diet providing 1 % to
inflammatory activities (Aiyelagbe and 2 % of its caloric energy as fat is said to be
Osamudiamen, 2009). sufficient to human beings as excess fat
All the tomato lines had high moisture contents consumption yields cardio vascular disorder
ranging from 91-95 % except NGB00718 with such as atherosclerosis, cancer and aging. The
90 % moisture content. Generally, high low fat recorded in this study is in aggrement
moisture content has been reported by with the work of Vincent et al. (2009) and
Agbemafle et al. (2015) and Idah et al. (2010). Boakye (2013) on tomato fat contents. They
They reported that the moisture content of reported that tomatoes are poor source of
calories. Although, all local tomato accessions
8
 Variation in Phytochemical, Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Contents of some Local tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Accessions from Nigeria

and improved cultivar investigated in this study teeth, regulate blood glucose and blood
had fat contents lower than 1 % but NGB00714 pressure as well as transmission of oxygen
and NGB00718 had appreciable high fat from the lungs to tissues metabolism as a
values, hence the two accessions could be compoenet of some protein and enzymes
selected for improvement in fat content. (Galan et al., 2005; Murray et al., 2000;
Crude fibre was relatively low in both local Christine et al., 2014). This suggests that local
tomato accessions and improved cultivar, but tomato accessions may be good sources of
appreciable high values in NGB00714, these nutrients, and serve as health promoters.
NGB00718 and NGB00722 than the improved
cultivar. Thus, high crude fibre in some local The values of iron contents obtained for all
tomato accessions suggests that they can be local accessions and improved cultivar in this
good sources of both soluble and insoluble study were below those reported for some
fibres like improved cultivar. The significance commercial tomato varieties which ranged
of high soluble fibre for lowering blood from 0.95 to 1.17 µg/100g by Hernández-
cholesterol and glucose level as well as Suárez et al. (2007). However, the highest iron
importance of high insoluble fibre for digestion content in NGB00718 suggests that this
had ben reported (Papas et al., 2004). accession can be improved upon for this
parameter since iron has been reported for
The ash contents of both local tomato making haemoglobin, a protein needed to
accessions and improved cultivar were transport oxygen in the blood. This is in
relatively low. However, NGB00698, agreement with the reports of Galan et al.
NGB00714, NGB00718 and NGB00722 had (2005). They reported that iron required for
appreciable higher ash contents than the making haemoglobin and as a pro-oxidant
improved cultivar. This suggests that these four needed by microorganisms for proliferation.
accessions could be good sources of valuable
minerals. Thus, the high ash content in these The high values of vitamins C and E in both
local tomato accessions may be as a result of local tomato accessions and improved cultivar
their ability to absorb minerals from the soil. in this study suggests why tomato is reported to
The finding from this study corroborates the be a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention
results of Agbemafle et al. (2015). of various diseases such as cancer. The findings
from this study corroborate the report of Vats et
The carbohydrate contents of both local tomato al. (2020). Furthermore, the relative high
accessions and improved cultivar were vitamins C and E recorded in NGB00718,
generally low but considerably higher in all NGB00696, NGB00698, and NGB00717
local tomato accessions compared with the suggests that these local accessions contain
improved cultivar. This implies that local appreciable therapeutic properties as improved
tomato accessions may supply high energy than cultivars and could be improved for these
the improved cultivar. Although, Adubofuor et parameters.
al. (2010) reported that tomato generally is a
low-calorie vegetable. Again, vitamin A content was generally high in
all local tomato accessions and improved
Local tomato accessions had high values of cultivar but higher in improved cultivar and
calcium, magnesium and iron as improved NGB00717 than other local tomato accessions.
cultivar. The mineral values in this study This result is in agreement with the work of
agreed with the result of Hernández-Suárez et Salehi (2019), who reported high vitamin A
al. (2007) for some tomatoes from Spain. These content for some tomato varieties. The finding
nutrients are asociated with healthy bones and from this study indicates the richness of
9
 Oyelakin et. al. (2022)

NGB00717 in vitamin A, which is essential for of Food Science and Technology, 4(6):
skin health, immune function, vision and fetal 445-448.
development.
Aiyelagbe, O. O. and Osamudiamen, P. M.
This study has shown that the selected local 2009. Phytochemical screening for active
tomato accessions analyzed contain substantial compound in Magnifera indica leaves
quantities of phytochemicals, proximate from Ibadan, Oyo State. Plant Science
quality, mineral nutrients and vitamins like Research Journal, 2(11): 11-13.
improved cultivars, even these quantities are
appreciably higher in some accessions of local Analytical Methods Committee of Royal
tomato over the improved cultivar. Accession Society of Chemistry (AMC-RSC) 2004.
NGB00718 is observed to be outstanding Methods of analysis. Pp. 222-239.
averagely in terms of the phytochemicals, Arts, I. C. and Hollman, P. C 2005.
proximate, vitamin and mineral contents, Polyphenols and disease risk in
followed by NGB00698 and NGB00717. This epidemiologic studies. American Journal.
suggests that consumption of these three local Clinical Nutrition, 81:317-325.
tomato accessions could significantly
contribute to the nutritional and health needs of Association of Official Analytical Chemists
their consumers and their cultivation is (AOAC). 1990. Official methods of
henceforth advocated.Further crop analysis (15th edn), Washington DC, USA.
improvement of these three accesssions in other Pp. 185-227.
areas is also desired. Boakye, A. A. 2013. Assessment of some
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