Second Term Examination

Continuity and Differentiability

1. Discuss the continuity of the sine function. (3) 3. a) Verify Rolle's theorem for the function
[2022] 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 in [−4,2]. (2)
ANS: b) Find the point on the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = sin⁡𝑥 2𝑥 − 8 at which tangent is parallel to x axis. (1)
Let 𝑎 be an arbitrary real constant.
⁡⁡⁡ [2018]
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) ⁡ = lim− sin⁡𝑥
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
ANS:
= lim sin⁡(𝑎 − ℎ)
ℎ→0 a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 in [−4,2]
= lim [sin⁡cos⁡ℎ − cos⁡𝑎sin⁡ℎ] = sin⁡𝑎cos⁡0 − Since it is a polynomial function, it is
ℎ→0
cos⁡𝑎sin⁡0 = sin⁡𝑎(1) − cos⁡𝑎(0) = sin⁡𝑎 continuous in the closed interval [−4,2],
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) ⁡ = lim+ sin⁡𝑥 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 2. Hence 𝑓 is differentiable
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
in the open interval [−4,2],
= lim sin⁡(𝑎 + ℎ)
ℎ→0 𝑓(−4) = (−4)2 + 2(−4) − 8
= lim [sin⁡𝑎cos⁡ℎ + cos⁡𝑎sin⁡ℎ] = = 16 − 8 − 8 = 0
ℎ→0
2
sin⁡𝑎cos⁡0 + cos⁡𝑎sin⁡0 = sin⁡𝑎(1) + 𝑓(2) = (2) + 2(2) − 8 = 4 + 4 − 8 = 0
cos⁡(0) = sina ∴ 𝑓(−4) = 𝑓(2)
∴ 𝑓(𝑎) = sin 𝑎 ∴ there exists a constant ' c ' such that
Since, lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎) 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0 ⇒ 2𝑐 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑐 = −2 ⇒
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
∴ sin⁡𝑥 is a continuous function. 𝑐 = −1 ∈ (−4,1) Hence verified Rolle's
theorem.

2. Verify mean value theorem for the function b) Since the tangent is parallel to the x axis,
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 3 in the interval [1,4]. (3) slope = 0 ⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0
[2019] 2𝑥 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 = −2 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1
When 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦 = (−1)2 + 2(−1) − 8 =
ANS: −1 − 2 − 8 = −11
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 3 ∴ the point on the curve is (−1, −11)
Since 𝑓(𝑥) is a polynomial, it is continuous in
[1,4],
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4 4. Consider the function (4)
∴ it is differentiable at (1,4), 𝑘𝑥 + 1 if 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = { Find the value of k
∴ there exists a constant 'c' such that cos⁡𝑥 if 𝑥 > 𝜋
𝑓(𝑏) − 𝑓(𝑎) so that f(x) is continuous at x = 𝜋. [2018]
𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = ⇒ 2𝑐 − 4
𝑏−𝑎 ANS:
−3 − (−6) Since 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at
= ⇒ 2𝑐 − 4 = 1
4−1 𝑥 = 𝜋, lim𝑥→𝜋− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim𝑥→𝜋+ 𝑓(𝑥)
5 lim− (𝑘𝑥 + 1) = lim+ cos⁡𝑥 ⇒ 𝑘𝜋 + 1
⇒ 2𝑐 = 5 ⇒ 𝑐 = ∈ (1,4) 𝑥→𝜋 𝑥→𝜋
2
Hence verified Mean value theorem. = cos⁡𝜋

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 2 iii) cos⁡|𝑥|
⇒ 𝑘𝜋 + 1 = −1 ⇒ 𝑘𝜋 = −2 ⇒ 𝑘 = −
𝜋 iv) sin⁡|𝑥| [2017]
ANS:
𝑑𝑥
a)⁡𝑑𝜃 = 2cos⁡𝜃
5. a) Find 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑡 = −3sin⁡𝜃
𝑑𝜃
if 𝑥 = 𝑎 (cos 𝑡 + log tan ( )), 𝑑𝑦 −3
𝑑𝑥 2 = tan 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑦 = 𝑎sin⁡𝑡 (3) b) cos⁡|𝑥|
b) If 𝑦 = (tan−1 ⁡𝑥)2 , show that [ cos⁡𝑥 is an even function so it treats 𝑥 and −𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 in the same way]
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 + 2𝑥(1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 2 (3)[2018]
𝑑𝑥 2
ANS:
𝑡
a)⁡𝑥 = 𝑎 [cos⁡𝑡 + log⁡(tan⁡2)]

𝑑𝑥 1 𝑡 1
= 𝑎 [−sin⁡𝑡 + 𝑡 ⋅ sec 2 ⁡ ⋅ ]
𝑑𝑡 tan⁡2 2 2
1 1 − sin2 ⁡𝑡
= 𝑎 [−sin⁡𝑡 + ]=𝑎⋅
sin⁡𝑡 sin⁡𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑎cos2 ⁡𝑡
=
𝑑𝑡 sin⁡𝑡
𝑦 = 𝑎sin⁡𝑡
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎cos⁡𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 sin⁡𝑡
∴ = / = 𝑎cos⁡𝑡 × = tan⁡𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑎cos2 ⁡𝑡
b)⁡𝑦 = (tan−1 ⁡𝑥)2
𝑑𝑦 1
= 2tan−1 ⁡𝑥 ⋅
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦
(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = 2tan−1 ⁡𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Diff. again w.r.t x
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
(1 + 𝑥 2 ) 2 + 2𝑥 = 2×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2 2 + 2𝑥(1 + 𝑥 2 ) =2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Hence proved.

𝑑𝑦
6. a) Find 𝑑𝑥 if
𝑥 = 2sin⁡𝜃
𝑦 = 3 cos 𝜃 (3)
b) Which among the following functions is
differentiable on 𝑅 ? (1)
i) |sin⁡𝑥|
ii) |cos⁡𝑥|

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