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Week 1 activities.

The Importance of Studying Community Dynamics and

2. TO HELP AND SUPPORT THE MARGINALIZED SECTOR-
Community Action in Relation to Applied Social Sciences
This sector should not be mocked as a liability of the community,
and the Learner’s Future Career Options
rather, should be regarded as a moving force for the community
to endeavor towards development. This sector must be extended
•COMMUNITY- is a “group of people with diverse characteristics
all the help they need and that the community is able to give to
who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and
them.
engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings.”
- Through community action activities, these identified
- refers to the people who live and coexist with
sectors in the community would become the participants to
each other and who share a lot of things in common.
training programs or workshops to help them be emancipated
from their pitiful plight.
•COMMUNITY ACTION- is any activity that increases the
3. TO INVIGORATE AND HONOR THE ELDERLY- There
understanding, engagement and empowerment of communities in
should be community action activities to be designed and
the design and delivery of local services.
implemented to make the elderly feel and realize that they have
not been stripped off of their place in the community.
•COMMUNITY DYNAMICS- refer to the forces or properties
-For this reason, community action planners must also
which stimulate growth, development, or change within a system
consider programs to elicit the youth in them, community
process.
initiatives to revive their stamina and vigor, activities that would
- entails vigor, energy, stamina,
make them feel they are still partners in developmental programs
strength, enthusiasm, and any other positive stimulus within the
of the community and activities that would revive and sustain the
person and beyond him, so as to bring about growth and
wisdom of being the elders in the community.
development or any welcome change in the person.
4. TO STRENGTHEN THE COMMUNITY, AS A WHOLE-
- refer to a process of change in the
Strength of the empowered members of the community, from the
midst of the people in the community, powered by the unequalled
children through the youth to the elderly.
vigor and enthusiasm of the same people.
- Strength is determined not only with the number of
PURPOSES OF COMMUNITY ACTION population or the size of the territory but with the empowerment
exuded by all of the members of said community.
1. TO HELP AND ENCOURAGE THE CHILDREN AND THE
YOUTH- The base of any community is the children’s group and IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY ACTION
the youth sector. 1. COMMUNITY ACTION IS ABOUT PUTTING COMMUNITIES
- Community initiatives must be AT THE HEART OF THEIR OWN LOCAL SERVICES
extended to these groups to capacitate and empower them so - The community members are the participants to any
that they would be enjoined to participate in community-based community action initiative and whatever and however they are
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capacitated, they themselves will be the ones who shall deliver Sciences.
the identified service and gain from it. • CAREER CHOICES AND COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND
2. BUILDING COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL CAPACITY COMMUNITY ACTION - As per observation, most graduates of
- This presupposes that community action activities would the Humanities and Social Sciences strand, venture into college
help develop skills which would capacitate the people for any programs like Psychology, Education, Criminology,
endeavor while they would be intimated with the needed Communication Arts and Bachelor of Arts courses the job calls
knowledge and ideas. for some skills and knowledge of community dynamics and
3. COMMUNITY RESILIENCE- This means that the community community action.
could become self-sustaining with the skills and knowledge they
are capacitated with. When the community becomes a self- SOCIAL SCIENCES AND COMMUNITY
sustaining entity, then the community as a whole shall be able to • ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE - A
withstand whatever problems, difficulties and issues that will get community is a group of people who are connected and related
in their way. by virtue of their historical and cultural beginnings and
experiences and identified through their geographical and
SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMUNITY DYNAMICS ethnical attributes.
• Community dynamics allows the members of the community • POLITICAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE- Political science sees
to think creatively and act strategically towards community as the “polis (state) as composed of various classes
the achievement of community set. goals each performing roles and functions in pursuit of communal goals
• With community dynamics at hand, the quality of living of the (Plato), and according to Aristotle, he “emphasized the role of
more vulnerable sectors of the community is alleviated. political institutions in maintaining and sustaining order within a
• Community dynamics allows the people to develop a good community.”
insight of how and what they feel about the place they live in. • SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
• GEMEINSCHAFT LEVEL- A community is an aggrupation of
• COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND APPLIED SOCIAL people with close bonding, where kinship prevails while taking
SCIENCES- The practitioner needs to have a background about care of the engagement and empowerment of the people.
the personality that makes up a community she is bound to work • GESSELSCHAFT LEVEL- Community is seen as an
for and work with. Because if one has not experienced being association of loosely-bonded individuals driven by the pursuit of
immersed with a certain community previously, she would not be self-sustenance while working for a common objective for the
in the know on how to deal with the energy, stamina and group
enthusiasm of your clientele.
• COMMUNITY ACTION AND APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES- • INSTITUTIONS AND COMMUNITY
Most of the community action programs designed and -When we talk of institutions, we are referring to the social
implemented are related to the tasks of Social Workers, institutions, the religious, educational, economic, even the
Communication practitioners or Teachers or Counsellors and the medical institution and the mass media. From their perspectives,
like. community action and Applied Social Sciences work together community is described as an aggrupation of people, but they just
and would provide the appropriate training for the would-be- vary on the objectives for coming together and what binds the
graduates of college programs aligned with Applied Social members.
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• GRASSROOTS LEVEL- should be understood as referring to
• INSTITUTIONS OF RELIGIOUS FAITH the lesser fortunate members of a community, or the common
-Members are bonded together because of the shared creed, people or the farmers or the fisher folks.
as well as their commitment towards their faith. They also go by • The GRASSROOTS look upon the other members of the
the norms, roles and values which accompany their shared faith. community for dependence and protection. That because they
Their common objective is to empower people through religion. seem to be the neglected sector, logically they would seek for
• SCHOOL - as a community is organized to satisfy the main attention from the more able and more capacitated individuals.
objective of nurturing learners to empower them and to promote When they find people, who are willing to cater to their needs,
and implement the educational goals of the state. then it would only be then that they can say that they belong. As
• ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS- Like the manufacturing industries, a result, having a feel of a sense of belongingness would
they are viewed to exist with a societal or community-like complete their perception of what a community is.
personality with the common objective of producing tangible
goods for the consumers and in the process.
• HOSPITAL- It is comprised of medical and para-medical Week 2
practitioners who help satisfy the medical needs and issues of the
people. DIVERSITY OF COMMUNITIES
• DIVERSITY- is a condition where a range of differences or
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND COMMUNITY variation exists.
-“CIVIL SOCIETY commonly embraces a diversity of spaces, • DIVERSITY OF COMMUNITIES- refers to then the
actors and institutional forms, varying in their degree of formality, commitment to recognizing and appreciating the dissimilarity of
autonomy and power.” (Kamensky 2008) characteristics that make people and communities unique as well
- Basing on this definition of civil society, it is understood that it as creating and sustaining a surrounding that promotes and
includes people’s organizations, charities, nongovernmental celebrates individual and group accomplishment.
organizations, women’s organizations, professional aggrupation, TYPES OF COMMUNITIES
community-based organizations and others. A. According to the Setting, structure and community
- CIVIL SOCIETY view community as “being largely processes.
comprised of voluntary civil and social organizations and B. According to organization, composition and purpose
institutions that act collectively or individually on behalf of their C. According to Purpose (of organization)
larger community.” (Kamensky, 2008).
- In CIVIL SOCIETY PERCEPTION, a community then brings A. ACCORDING TO THE SETTING, STRUCTURE AND
together voluntarily individuals who share the same interests, COMMUNITY PROCESSES.
sentiments, or needs, bound by common values, roles and norms • URBAN COMMUNITIES- these are cities of big towns where
in the pursuit of shared objectives for the members. there is a large, highly dense, and heterogeneous
population.
THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL AND THE COMMUNITY
• GRASSROOTS- refer to the “ ordinary people regarded as the - the class status of people is varied
main body of the organization’s membership.” ranging from very rich down to the very poor.
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• RURAL COMMUNITIES- these are territorial areas or villages - Interaction and relationships are on a more personal
where there is a small low density, and homogeneous level.
population.
- This type of community may not prove to be stable because of
- the division is of labor is based on the absence of a set of standards to regulate the activities of the
agricultural or aquatic industries, supported by farming and members.
fishery infrastructure. - Examples: corporate community, pressure or interest group
• SUB URBAN COMMUNITIES- these are residential or mixed community and the like.
area located at the city, out skirts or within the community 3. SECTORAL COMMUNITY- refers to a particular group within
distance of a city. the community or the larger society.
• PUBLIC SECTOR – it denotes the government and its
- most people work in the agencies.
cities, but others opt to work housing subdivisions.
- it is responsible for promoting the common good.
B. ACCORDING TO ORGANIZATION, COMPOSITION AND
PURPOSE - it provides security from external
1. FORMAL COMMUNITY- these are the communities which are threats.
organized on purpose and geared towards a particular objective. - it maintains peace and order.
It is anchored on an instituted organizational structure, guided by • PRIVATE SECTOR – it refers to businesses or
an established set of laws which could be punitive in enterprises.
nature.
- It promotes economic growth and
- The interaction of the members and all other activities are generating order.
based on the guidelines set forth by the community itself, and
relationships are less - It is responsible for producing goods and
personal. services.
• VOLUNTARY SECTOR – known as non profit
- examples: schools, churches, hospitals, social and civic organization.
organizations and of course the different governments.
2. INFORMAL COMMUNITY- is composed of people who - civil society
voluntarily join as the interest or need calls for organizations.
it. - faith-based organization.
- There are no explicit guidelines or standards to be followed by • BENEFIT SECTOR – it as also known as for benefit
its members. Anyone can join and leave without any obligations corporations.
to the community. - It is a hybrid merger of the characteristics
- In terms of organizational structure, it is usually not instituted, found in private and public
however, should there be a formal structure, and the community sector.
cannot be as legalist about it.
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- It integrates social and environmental aims - this type of group is the high valuation for the other community
with business approaches. members and strong support is extended to each other whatever
4. GLOBAL COMMUNITY- It characterizes the interconnectivity the adversities are.
of people or countries all over the
world. - this type of community where events, issues and problems on
the local level are the primary concerns of the members.
-These people are economically, 4. COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE - “Community of people in the
socially and politically interdependent. same profession or undertake the same activities.”
-They are not structurally together but
through modern telecommunications they are able to - This type of community is a classic example of a formal
institutionalize a set of ethics which they are bound to follow to community like that of lawyers, medical practitioners, teachers,
promote mutual respect necessary for the global governance criminologists.
-where the organization and establishment follows all the
C. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE ( OF ORGANIZATION) formalities;
1. COMMUNITY OF INTEREST - “Community of people who
share the same interest or - where the activities to be undertaken must follow a
passion.” documented plan of action, with all the formalities in every
procedure particularly in the implementation of the community
- the interest community could be initiatives;
the most difficult to organize due to the possible mental
competition of the members. - where there must be strict compliance to the normative
standard of behavior set forth by the community in general.
- the interest community could prove to be one of the best 5. COMMUNITY OF CIRCUMSTANCES -“Community of people
because the prospective members are all expected to be focused brought together by external events or situations.”
on the community objective as it according to what interests them
the most. - This type of
2. COMMUNITY OF ACTION - “Community of people trying to community takes the informal manner of aggrupation.
bring about change.” - This is the type of community which - the community
is geared towards employing a concerted endeavor to bring about members came together by the accidental similarity of
change not only in the community, but which shall extend to the circumstances or events or situations they found themselves
macro level of the society and the world as well. into.
3. COMMUNITY OF PLACE - “Community of people brought
together by geographic - They had to be
boundaries.” - This is the bonded together because of the shared need to find a resolution
type of community where the people who live near each other to the challenge/s they are faced with.
are, by instinct, bonded together to form themselves into a socio-
political and socioeconomic
aggrupation.
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Week 3 • VALUES – abstract standards in a community that define
THE CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, the ideal principles of what is good, just, and desirable.
PROCESSES, AND DYNAMICS • BELIEFS – shared ideas of what is held collectively true by
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE people in a community.
•Based on the book of (Albenir and Alipao 2016), there • RITUALS – established sacred or secular procedures and
are ceremonies that people in the community regularly form.
1.Community social structure • ARTIFACTS – objects or things that have special meaning
2. Community cultural structure for people in the community.
3. Community political structure
4. Community economic structure •COMMUNITY POLITICAL STRUCTURE- It refers to the
people’s established ways allocating power and making
•COMMUNITY SOCIAL STRUCTURE- It refers to the rules decisions in running and managing community affairs.
and expectations that people develop in the community over •ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL STRUCTURES
time to help regulate and manage their interaction with one • Political organization
another. • Power relations
• SUB CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY SOCIAL • Leadership structure
STRUCTURE
1. Social institutions •COMMUNITY ECONOMIC STRUCTURES
2. Social groups - It pertains to various organized ways and means through
3. Status - a. ascribed b. achieve which the people in the community produce goods and
4. Role services, allocate limited resources and generate wealth in
order to satisfy their needs and wants.
•COMMUNITY CULTURAL STRUCTURE- It refers to the •ELEMENTS OF ECONOMIC STRUCTURES
institutionalized patters of ways of life that are shared, • CAPITAL ASSETS – Human Capital, Social
learned, developed, and accepted by people in the Capital(networks and communication), Natural Capital
community. Physical capital, Financial Capital
•ELEMENTS OF CULTURAL STRUCTURE
• SYMBOLS – shared words, gestures, objects or signals •COMMUNITY POWER- project or approach in which:
which people in community use to convey and develop - Local stakeholders own a majority
recognizable meanings. share of the project or organization, or
• LANGUAGE – allows people to develop complex thoughts - Community members or a locally
and record and explain new ideas. based organization control decisions related to the projects,
• NORMS – cultural expectation on how to behave in a given or
situation. - The majority of the project or
organization’s social and economic benefits are distributed
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logically. CARE- The community then needs to device a scheme
- It is the power of the community where whereby the people’s health and wellness are prioritized.
in organizations, institutions, and other groups in the Regular monitoring of the medical status of the people must
community engage and collaborate together in order to be done. Information dissemination of heath or medical
obtain the community’s objective. Each organization has a issues be done on a regular basis as well.
leader, to lead, and manage the group. A leader has great 5. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT- Talks about progress in
role in motivating members and others to move with a every aspect of the community. This could be gleaned from
passion toward a common goal. the economic development as manifested in the improved
standard of living therein, increase in infrastructures, or
•LEADERSHIP- The ability to develop a vision that stable trade and commerce.
motivates others to move with a passion toward a common 6. COMMUNITY COORDINATION- No member is perceived
goal. to be selfish enough to keep things to and by himself, that
Additionally, leadership is a process by which a person when one encounters a problem, he informs everyone else.
influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the Or, say, when there is a community initiative to be
organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and implemented the entire community becomes the beneficiary
coherent. because everyone was informed about it and that is the
essence of coordination
•COMMUNITY PROCESS
1. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING- This process entails FUNCTIONS OF THE COMMUNITY IN TERMS OF
leadership which should be innate not only in one or two or STRUCTURE, PROCESSES AND DYNAMICS
three individuals but to be exuded by all the participants in •COMMUNITY DYNAMICS- is actually one of the processes
bringing about community development. of a community because it affects its existence. A
2. INTERACTIONAL COMMUNITY- The members of the community cannot be static, rather it grows, goes through
community talk with each other, sharing thoughts and ideas, development, or worst scenario is, if not valued, it may
help each other in any which way they can, literally deal with disintegrate. A community is never boring, rather it is full pf
each other every single day. vigor and stamina to welcome whatever transformation is
3. COMMUNITY IMPLEMENTATION- The process where there which awaits the community .
activities or projects or programs are effected in the •SOCIAL PARTICIPATION- may take place around the
community which the community developmental objectives neighborhood, in the church, in the barangay assemblage
are center, school (if there is any), the barangay health center,
accomplished. community amusement center, or in the community
- This is the way to mobilize the people and business center/s.
make them realize that they are a part of the community. - The community is responsible for
4. COMMUNITY COMPREHENSIVE PRIMARY HEALTH promoting unity despite the diversity through programs or
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activities which bring people together instead of tearing them personal characteristics, attitudes and behavior of the
apart, like the conduct of symposium about the eradication people which affect their interaction. Indeed, these factors
of discrimination, or activities which prompts the participation influence the process of instilling community norms and
of everyone regardless of gender, socioeconomic status, values.
academic accomplishment or professional stature or even
political or religious affiliation. •PREPAREDNESS AND PROTECTION
-The community must make sure that it has obtained an
•SOCIAL CONTROL accurate information about its climate, geographical features
-First, under this the function, it is deemed necessary that and locations, significant landmarks therein and all other
community shall strictly implement and monitor programs for physical features of the community.
population growth or even its decline, as well as to regulate -Lastly, if the community is well-aware of its geographical
the movement of the population in and out of the community, features, then, it could perform with utmost ardor its
as all of which affect population count. preparedness function, which could be carried out when
-Second, the community is to be well-aware of what is going natural or man-made disasters or calamities occur.
on within and outside of its area-of-responsibility, like social
unrest, and must have a ready resolution should such an •ECONOMIC- The community has to assure the people of
occurrence pose an adverse effect to the entirety of the food stability, particularly the basic needs, regulated price of
community. commodities, and regulated distribution of goods as well.
-Third, there has to be a way of prompting the people to Aside from that, the community is also responsible in
comply to the laws and other norms of behavior set forth providing for the people a means to make a living, basically
therein. in terms of agriculture, like fishing and farming, and industry.

•SOCIALIZATION
-To prepare the members of the community for a more •HEALTH CARE- This function is as significant because this
active social participation, educating them should be one of would help sustain the existence of the people and the
the first concerns. community. Strictly imposing heath standards would help
sustain such activities.
-SOCIALIZATION also involves two important factors - Heath care as a function is not merely
namely physical and the social or personal factors. focused on the provision of medical needs but instilling
• PHYSICAL FACTOR- has reference to the population per heath-consciousness in the people as well.
se, to any peculiarity describing the place itself like the
design and “arrangement” of the houses or buildings, to the
atmosphere therein, and to the pace of movement of the
people.
• SOCIAL OR PERSONAL FACTOR -would refer to the
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Week 4 et al., 1990,)
SELF AND COMMUNITY
•SOLIDARITY •The SELF and the COMMUNITY are interrelated in ways
-defined as unity and mutual support present between that one has an influence on the other as the self functions
individuals and communities with shared interests or goals. in the community.
-Is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards
and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of •NATURE OF THE SELF
groups or classes. -Sociologist George Herbert Mead’s Theory of the social
-It refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as self is based on the idea that the self is formed through
one. social interaction.
- SELF- is fundamentally social, and that an organized
•CITIZENSHIP- denotes membership in a political society. community or social group is what gives individuals their
As a citizen, a member is expected to fulfill certain duties sense of self.
and protect his or her community -Josiah Royce’s theory of the self centers on the
interdependence of the self and the community. “the lost self
●Both solidarity and citizenship imply that as a community is the one who has no community to help in the discovery of
member, one has to participate, serve, and work toward his true self.
social development, keeping in mind that he or she is
responsible for the well-being of others and the attainment of The following are the similarities shared by these two
their common ambition. theories about how the self is significantly connected to
the community:
•COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION 1. The self is a social structure, and it arises from social
-The real value of participation stems from the finding that experience.
mobilizing the entire community, rather than engaging 2. The self exists only in relation to the community.
people on an individualized basis or not engaging them at 3. The self cannot be separated from or exist apart from the
all, leads to more effective results (Braithwaite et al., 1994). community.
-Simply stated, change "... is more likely to be successful 4. If a person is to develop himself or herself, he or she
and permanent when the people it affects are involved in must be a member of a community.
initiating and promoting it" (Thompson et al, 1990, p. 46) 5. Cooperation with others is necessary for community well-
-A crucial element of community engagement is participation being.
by the individuals, community-based organizations, and 6. The attitudes of a community can be understood by an
institutions that will be affected by the effort. individual, only if he or she is a member of that community
-This participation is "a major method for improving the
quality of the physical environment, enhancing services, CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLIDARITY
preventing crime, and improving social conditions" (Chavis • Solidarity as a responsibility.
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• Solidarity as a virtue Neighborhoods, workplaces, churches, cities, and towns are
• Solidarity as a human right several examples of immediate communities in which we
show solidarity.
•SOLIDARITY AS A RESPONSIBILITY - By following the rules and doing our share
-Being aware of social injustices and inequalities of obligations and tasks, solidarity and harmony are
experienced by a lot of people, it is our responsibility to act achieved. Solidarity in these communities is characterized
in solidarity knowing that these can have consequences that by bond, unity, responsibility, and community spirit.
can affect us too. 3. SOLIDARITY IN ORGANIZATIONS
-An example of this could be by helping marginalized -Volunteering in organizations signifies a willingness to
sectors of the society, such as farmers, fisher folk, engage in the community and show feelings of solidarity
indigenous communities, laborers, and workers deprived of beyond one’s obligations.
opportunities, and other affected sectors of the community. -Examples of this would be volunteering to work in non-profit
•SOLIDARITY AS A VIRTUE- refers to the willingness to organizations, donating money or goods, supporting
participate in helping and supporting communities. Solidarity advocacies, and other informal activities. Solidarity in these
also requires unselfishly considering the needs of others organizations is characterized by compassion, empathy, and
rather than one’s own interests and achieving collective well- community feeling.
being. 4. SOLIDARITY IN A NATION
•SOLIDARITY AS A HUMAN RIGHT- is also the belief that - National level solidarity pertains to the citizens’
everyone is equal and deserving of the same opportunities, involvement in the state. Citizens manifest solidarity through
freedom, rights, and treatment. Furthermore, solidarity is the abiding by the law and fulfilling democratic duties. In some
goal of human rights insofar as it aims for a moral cases, citizens exhibit solidarity in the form of social
community wherein all persons are treated with dignity and activism, to voice out concerns especially on behalf of
respect amidst diversity marginalized sectors.
- Solidarity in the nation is fueled by patriotism, allegiance,
•SOLIDARITY IN COMMUNITIES and loyalty to one’s own country and countrymen.
1. Solidarity in the family
2. Solidarity in the local communities •CITIZEN PARTICIPATION- pertains to the social
3. Solidarity in organizations responsibility that citizenship recognizes—that people have
4. Solidarity in a nation a moral responsibility to the self, others, and the community
1. SOLIDARITY IN THE FAMILY- This exists between •COMMUNITY ACTION READINESS- refers to the degree
husband and wife, between parents and children, among to which a community is ready to address issues affecting it.
siblings, and among other family members. Solidarity in the
family is characterized by love, commitment, and sacrifice.
2. SOLIDARITY IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITIES- Dimensions of Questions to Ask
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Community CITIZEN'S SOCIAL PARTICIPATION
Action Readiness 1. Community Activists
2. Apathetic Inactive
How much ability do efforts, 3. Passive Supporters
Community
programs, and policies have to
efforts 4. Protesters
solve present issues?
5. Communicators
Are the community members aware 6. Volunteerism
Community
of the efforts and their efficiency in
knowledge of
solving issues? Do they have 1. COMMUNITY ACTIVISTS- Work with others on local
efforts
access to these initiatives? problems, form a group to work on local problems, active
How are the leaders responding to membership community organizations, contact officials on
Leadership social issues
these issues?
2. APATHETIC INACTIVE- no participatory activity, not
Community What is the general attitude of the
even voting.
climate community toward present issues?
3. PASSIVE SUPPORTERS- vote regularly, attends patriotic
Community Are the community members aware parades, pay all taxes but don’t indulge in social projects
knowledge about of the causes and possible 4. PROTESTERS- Join in public street demonstration,
the issue consequences of present issues? protest vigorously if a government does something morally
Resources wrong, attend protest meetings, or refuse to obey unjust
Are there resources available locally laws.
related to the
to support these efforts? 5. COMMUNICATORS - Keep informed about the state of
issue
the nation, engaged in discussions, write letters to
*These are identified as key components that can predict newspaper editors, send support or protest messages to
how a community is prepared to respond to an existing issue national and local leaders.
in the community. 6. VOLUNTEERISM- It is an essence of democracy which
refers to the principle or system of supporting or doing
• Community efforts something by voluntary efforts or
• Community knowledge of efforts actions.
• Leadership - It comes from the word VOLUNTARINESS or the quality
• Community Climate of being free in the exercise of one’s free will; and that such
• Community knowledge about the issue act or deed is performed without valuable/material
• Resources related to the issue consideration.
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