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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA

MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2019 (AUTUMN SEMESTER)

PROGRAMME: B. Tech 5th SEMESTER

Dept. Code: CE, Course Code: CE - 3401


Course Name: Water Resources Engineering

Full Marks: 50 Duration of Examination: 3 hours

All parts of a question should be answered at one place


Q.No Mark

1. State various assumptions, limitations and uses of Unit Hydrograph theory. 10

The ordinates of IUH of a catchment are given below. Derive the direct runoff
hydrograph (DRH) for this catchment due to storm duration of 3 hours and having
a rainfall excess of 4 cm.

Time (hr) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ordinates of
IUH (m3/s) 0 8 35 50 47 40 31 23 15 10 6 3 0

OR
Using the given 6-hr UH, derive the flood hydrograph due to the storm given
below. Φ-index for the storm can be assumed to be 0.167 cm/hr. Assume the base
flow to be 20 m3/s constant throughout.

UH characteristics

Time (hr) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
Ordinates (m3/s) 0 20 60 150 120 90 66 50

Storm characteristics

Time from beginning of storm (hr) 0 6 12 18


Accumulated rainfall (cm) 0 4 5 10

2 a. Annual flood data analysis of a river yielded a sample mean of 29,600 m3/s and a 5
standard deviation of 14,860 m3/s. For a proposed bridge in this river it is decided
to have an acceptable risk of 15% in its expected life of 60 years. (i) Assuming the
sample size to be very large, estimate the flood discharge by Gumbel’s method for
use in the design of this structure. (ii) If the actual flood value adopted in the design
is 125,000 m3/s what are the safety factor and safety margin relating to maximum
flood discharge? PTO
b. Explain briefly, how can you evaluate the continuity and consistency of rainfall 5
data at a rain gauge station?

3 a. What do you mean by wedge storage and prism storage in a channel? 5

Route the following flood hydrograph through a river reach for which Muskingum
coefficient K = 8 hours and x = 0.25. Also find out the attenuation of the flood
peak. Initial outflow discharge from the reach is 8.0 m3/s.

Time (hr) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Inflow (m3/s) 8 16 30 30 25 20 15 10

b. What do you mean by river training works? What are the different objectives 5
served by it? Enumerate different methods which are used for controlling and
training rivers.

4 a. What do you mean by synthetic unit hydrograph? Explain the procedure of deriving 5
a synthetic unit hydrograph for a catchment by using Snyder’s method.

b. For a river, the estimated flood peaks by using log normal distribution are 450m 3/s 5
and 600m3/s for 50 and 100 year return periods respectively. What flood discharge
in this river will have a return period of 1000 years if the frequency factors in log
normal distribution are 2.054, 2.326 and 3.09 for return periods of 50, 100 and
1000 years respectively.

5. A small reservoir has the following storage elevation relationship. 10

Elevation (m) 55.0 58.0 60.0 61.0 62.0 63.0


Storage (10 3 m3) 250 650 1000 1250 1500 1800

A spillway provided with its crest at 50.00 m elevation has the discharge
relationship Q = 13 H 3/2 , where H = head of water over the spillway crest. When
the reservoir elevation is at 58.00 m, a flood as given below enters the reservoir.
Route the flood and determine the peak flood and attenuation of the flood peak.

Time
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
(h)
Inflow
5 20 40 50 32 22 15 10
(m3/s)

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