Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec.

7 Two-Way Slabs

Two-Way Slabs

The transmission of loads from slab to supporting members (mostly beams) depends mostly on
the slab dimensions. According to the length to width ratio, the slabs can be classified as two
way slab if the ratio of the longer span to the shorter span does not exceed 2.

Longer  span lb
 2
Shorter  span l a

Different types of two way slabs were presented in Lecture 4. However, in this course only the
two-way beam supported slabs will be considered.

Loads and deflection of two-way slabs:

1. The deflection is in two directions (dish like type).
2. Moment is in two directions.
3. Loads are transferred in both directions

Therefore, reinforcement is distributed and calculated for both short and long directions.

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 74

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs
where:-
ℓa = clear span in short direction.
ℓb = clear span in long direction.
wa = portion of load that transferred in short direction.
wb = portion of load that transferred in long direction.

b
c

1m

1m

Determination of proportion of loads carried in each direction:

At point (c) (i.e. max. deflection)

If for example ⁄

and

If for example ⁄

and

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Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

Variation of moment along the span of the slab:

The design moments are calculated using coefficients, which are determined depending on:

(1) ⁄

(2) Boundary conditions of the slab

Then after, the moment is calculated as:

where C is a coefficient determined from special tables.

From the tables of the ACI Method III, the negative and positive moments are calculated as
follows:

Table 1:- coefficient of negative moment in the slab for total load (wu).
Table 2:- coefficient of positive moment for dead load.
Table 3:- coefficient of positive moment for live load.
Table 4:- determination of short direction and long direction loads (wa and wb).

Boundary Conditions:
There are nine cases for two-way slabs in the ACI Method III.

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9

Negative moment of continuous edge:

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 74

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

Ca and Cb from Table (1)

Positive moments:

Cad and Cbd from Table (2)

Cal and Cbl from Table (3)

Negative moment at discontinuous edges:

one-third of the positive moment at mid span.

ℓa

+ Mb

+Mb + Ma
ℓb -Ma +Ma

discontinuous
Continuous -Mb edge
edge

Types of supports:
The slab must be supported by:-
1. Walls.
2. Steel beams.
3. Reinforced concrete beams.

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 05

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

Middle strip and column strip:

The slab is divided in each direction into two column strips with width = for each column strip

and a middle strip of width as shown in the figure below:-

⁄ ⁄

Col.
⁄ Column stripStrip la /4

Middle strip la /2 la

Column strip
Col. Strip Middlestrip
Middle strip Column strip
⁄ la /4
⁄ M -Ma

lb /4 lb /2 lb /4
lb

The moment in the column strip = middle strip moment.

Limitations:

(1)

(2) ,

As listed in Lecture 4 for one-way slabs (ACI 318-14 sec.7.6.1).

(3) {

Shear Strength:

The shear must be checked in two-way slabs for short and long directions,
and

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 05

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

where "d " is not the same for short and long directions.

db
da

(Short direction)

(Long direction)

Corner Reinforcement:

The corner of the corner panel of the slab must be reinforced by (As) equal to that of maximum
positive moment of the whole slab. This reinforcement should be distributed in two top and
bottom layers of the corner for a distance of ( ⁄ of the longer direction.

Top Rein.
Crack Crack
Bottom Rein.

Bottom Reinforcement Top Reinforcement Corner Rein. Top and Bottom

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 05

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

Ex.1)
Calculate the maximum live load the slab shown below can carry, assuming that dead load
equals the slab self-weight only. f c  25 MPa , ,

Φ10@200

Φ10@200m Φ10@250
Φ10@250 m
Φ10@250 6m
Φ10@250
Φ10@250 Φ10@250

Φ10@300 Φ10@200m
m
8m Φ10@200

Sol.)

⁄
⁄
and the total factored load is: ℓa

The slab is case (8)

ℓb

Short direction

( )

Long direction

( )

Find the maximum load from the negative and positive moments of the short and long directions:

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 05

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

a- Calculate live load from short direction negative moment ( :-

As f y 1064  420
a   21mm
0.85 f cb 0.85  25  1000
a 21
Check section ductility, c   24.7mm
1 0.85
 d c  135  24.7 
t   0.003   0.003  0.0134  0.005
 c   24.7 

b- Calculate live load from short direction positive moment ( :-

, thus:

c- Calculate live load from long direction negative moment ( :-

⁄
̀

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Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

d- Calculate live load from long direction positive moment ( :-

⁄
⁄

e- Calculate live load from shear requirements

Short direction:-

( )

Vc   0.17  f cbw d  0.75(0.17 )1.0 25 1000 135   10 3  86.06 kN

Long direction

( )

Vc   0.17  f cbw d  0.75(0.17 )1.0 25 1000 125   10 3  79.7kN

Thus, the maximum service live load the slab can carry is ⁄

Homework:
(1) Repeat Example 1 considering an interior panel (case 2).
(2) Repeat Example 1 considering a slab thickness of 200 mm and a corner panel (case 4).

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 00

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 05

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 04

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 04

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 04

Design of Reinforced Concrete II Lec. 7 Two-Way Slabs

Prof. Dr. Sallal R. Abid Wasit University - Civil Engineering Department 55