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Echelon Form of A Matrix

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DEPT BCA RABIATHUL BASIRIYA
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11 views

Echelon Form of A Matrix

Uploaded by

DEPT BCA RABIATHUL BASIRIYA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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https://stattrek.

com/matrix-algebra/echelon-form

Echelon Form of a Matrix


This lesson introduces the concept of an echelon matrix. Echelon matrices come in two forms: the row echelon
form (ref) and the reduced row echelon form (rref).

Row Echelon Form

A matrix is in row echelon form (ref) when it satisfies the following conditions.

 The first non-zero element in each row, called the leading entry, is 1.
 Each leading entry is in a column to the right of the leading entry in the previous row.
 Rows with all zero elements, if any, are below rows having a non-zero element.

Each of the matrices shown below are examples of matrices in row echelon form.

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 1 2
0 0 1 3
0 0 1 3 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
Aref Bref Cref

Note: Some references present a slightly different description of the row echelon form. They do not require that the
first non-zero entry in each row is equal to 1.

Reduced Row Echelon Form

A matrix is in reduced row echelon form (rref) when it satisfies the following conditions.

 The matrix satisfies conditions for a row echelon form.


 The leading entry in each row is the only non-zero entry in its column.

Each of the matrices shown below are examples of matrices in reduced row echelon form.

1 2 0 0
1 2 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
Arref Brref Crref

Test Your Understanding

Problem 1

Which of the following matrices is in row echelon form?

0 1 1 2 1 2 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
A B C D

(A) Matrix A
(B) Matrix B
(C) Matrix C
(D) Matrix D
(E) None of the above

Solution

The correct answer is (B), since it satisfies all of the requirements for a row echelon matrix. The other matrices fall short.

 The leading entry in Row 1 of matrix A is to the right of the leading entry in Row 2, which is inconsistent with
definition of a row echelon matrix.
 In matrix C, the leading entries in Rows 2 and 3 are in the same column, which is not allowed.
 In matrix D, the row with all zeros (Row 2) comes before a row with a non-zero entry. This is a no-no.

Problem 2

Which of the following matrices are in reduced row echelon form?

1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

A B

0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

(A) Only matrix A


(B) Only matrix B
(C) Only matrix C
(D) All of the above
(E) None of the above

Solution

The correct answer is (D), since each matrix satisfies all of the requirements for a reduced row echelon matrix.

 The first non-zero element in each row, called the leading entry, is 1.
 Each leading entry is in a column to the right of the leading entry in the previous row.
 Rows with all zero elements, if any, are below rows having a non-zero element.
 The leading entry in each row is the only non-zero entry in its column.

https://www.statlect.com/matrix-algebra/reduced-row-echelon-form

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/row-echelon-form/

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