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9 Polyurethane

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36 views10 pages

9 Polyurethane

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Polyurethane(PU)

Introduction
 Polyurethane fiber (Spandex® or Elastane®) is a synthetic
fiber known for its exceptional elasticity (or stretchability)
 Spandex® is stronger, lighter, and more versatile and
durable than rubber.
 Spandex® fibers can be stretched to almost 500% of
their length.
Polyurethane(PU)
Components of polyurethane
 Polyisocyanate n(NCO-R-NCO)
 As crosslinking agents, polyisocyanates play a key role with
respect to processing, curing and the resulting coating properties
 Polyols n(HO-R’-OH)

Urethane

 If the functionalities of the reactants are three or more, branched or


cross-linked polymers are formed
 By varying R and R’segments of the polyaddition reaction and
other ingredients, a range of products can be formed (foam, fibers,
coating, soft and hard elastomers, flexible
Polyurethane(PU)
Important polyisocyanates

Hexamethylene diisocyanate Isophorone diisocyanate

Diphenyl methane diisocyanate


Toluene diisocyanate
Polyurethane(PU)
 Polyisocyanates
 Aromatic isocyanates yield polyurethanes that turn
yellow with exposure to light
 Various aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diisocyanates are
used in the industry to produce polyurethanes, which do
not turn yellow upon light exposure
 The most important among the aliphatics is
hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI).
 It is used extensively for coating.
Polyurethane(PU)
Polyols
 The second component is polyols
 Polyester polyols

 Polyether polyols
Polyurethane(PU)
Structure of polyurethane
Polyurethane(PU)
 The characteristic of polyurethane coating material
depends on the chain length of isocyanates and
polyols
 If they have short chains, the polymer will be hard
and low solubility due to hydrogen bonding between
C=O and N-H.
 If the chains are long, the polymer will be very soft
 Mostly polyurethane are prepared from three basic
ingredients
 Long chain polyols
 Isocyanates
 Chain extenders and crosslinkers
Polyurethane(PU)
Structure of PU
Polyurethane(PU)
 Chain extenders and crosslinkers are low molecular weight poly
functional alcohols and amines
 The difunctional amines and alcohols are chain extenders
 The compounds with functionality greater than two are cross-linkers
What are these compounds?
 Ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, glycerol and trimethylol propane
 Derivatives of diaminophenylmethane and m-phenylenediamines

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