LAB MANUAL

CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY

IV Year I Semester

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

AND ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025
 SRI INDU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL
INDEX

S.NO CONTENTS
1 Vision, Mission, PSOs ,POs& COs
2 Institution Academic Calendar
3 Department Academic Calendar
4 Lab Manual
5 Viva Questions
 SRI INDU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution under UGC, New Delhi)
B. TECH COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

INSTITUTION VISION
To be a premier institution in engineering & technology and management with competence, values and social consciousness.
INSTITUTION MISSION
IM1: Provide high quality academic programs, training activities and research facilities.

IM2: Promote continuous industry-institute interaction for employability, entrepreneurship,

Leadership and research aptitude among stakeholders.

IM3: Contribute to the economic and technological development of the region, state and
Nation.
DEPARTMENT VISION

To be technologically adaptive center for computing by grooming the students as top notch professionals.

DEPARTMENT MISSION

DM1: To offer quality education in computing.

DM2: To provide an environment that enables overall development of all the stakeholders.

DM3: To impart training on emerging technologies like Data Analytics, Artificial Intelligence
and Internet of Things.
DM4: To encourage participation of stakeholders in research and development.
 Program Educational Objectives (PEO’s)
Higher Studies: Graduates with an ability to apply knowledge of Basic Sciences
PEO1 and programming skills in their career and higher education.
Lifelong Learning: Graduates with an ability to adopt new technologies forever
PE02 changing IT industry needs through Self-Study, Critical thinking and Problem
solving skills.
Professional Skills : Graduates will be ready to work in projects related to
PEO3 complex problems involving multidisciplinary projects with effective analytical
skills
Engineering citizenship: Graduates with an ability to communicate well and
PEO4 exhibit social, technical and ethical responsibility in process or product.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSO’s)

Software Development: To apply the knowledge of Software Engineering,

PSO1 Data Communication, Web Technology and Operating Systems for building
IOT and Cloud Computing applications.

Industrial Skills Ability: Design, develop and test software systems for world-
PSO2 wide network of computers to provide solutions to real world
Problems.

Project Implementation: Analyze and recommend the appropriate IT

PSO3
infrastructure required for the implementation of a project.
 Program Outcomes (PO’s)

Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

PO1 fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
PO2 engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

Design / Development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
PO3 design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
PO4 research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
PO5 engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.

The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
PO6 societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to
the professional engineering practice.
Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
PO7 solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
PO8 norms of the engineering practice.
Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
PO9 in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
PO10 engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
PO11 engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
PO12 independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
 COURSE OUTCOMES (CO’s)
Academic Year: 2024-25

Class: IV YEAR-I SEM.

Course Name: CRYPTOGRAPHY &NETWORK SECURITY LAB (R20CSE41L1)

At the end of the course, the student will be able to

Course Outcomes (COs)

Explain security concepts, Ethics in Network Security.
C411.1 Identify and classify various Attacks and explain the same.

Compare and contrast symmetric and asymmetric encryption systems and their
C411.2 vulnerability to various attacks.

Explain the role of third-party agents in the provision of authentication

C411.3 services.

Comprehend and apply authentication, email security, web security services

C411.4 and mechanisms.

Distinguish and explain different protocol like SSL, TLS Vis-à-vis their
C411.5
applications
Discuss the effectiveness of passwords in access control.
C411.6 Explain firewall principles.
 Mapping of Course Outcomes(CO’s) with PO’s:

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

C41L.1 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 3
C41L.2 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 3 3 3
C41L.3 2 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - 3 3 3
C41L.4 2 3 2 2 - - - - - - - - 3 3 3
C41L.5 2 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - 3 3 3
C41L.6 2 2 3 3 - - - - - - - - 3 3 3
2.33 2.6 2.8 2.5 - - - - - - - - 3 3 3
7
1
 SRI INDU COLLEGE OF ENGG &
Prepare
TECH LESSON PLAN d on
Rev1:
(Regulation :R20)
Department of COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Page: 1 of 2
Sub. Code & Title (R20CSE41L1) CRYPTOGRAPHY & NETWORK SECURITY LAB

Academic Year: 2024-25 Year/Sem./Section IV-I A,B,C,D

Faculty Name & Designation K.VIJAYALAKSHMI, R.VINOD KUMAR
Assistant Professor , Assistant Professor

Lab Plan
Academic year: 2023-24 IV Year –I Semester CSE
No. of weeks
S Topics
No
1. Write a C program that contains a string(char pointer) with a value\Hello 1

World’. The programs should XOR each character in this string with 0 and
display the result.

2. 1
Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value \Hello
World’. The program should AND or and XOR each character in this string
with 127 and display the result.

3. Write a Java program to perform encryption and 1

decryption using the following algorithms:
a. Ceaser Cipher
b. Substitution Cipher
c. Hill Cipher

4. 1
Write a Java program to implement the DES algorithm logic

Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Blowfish algorithm logic 1

5

6 Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Rijndael algorithm logic 1

 7 Write the RC4 logic in Java Using Java Cryptography; encrypt the text “Hello 1

world” using Blowfish. Create your own key using Java key tool.

8 Write a Java program to implement RSA Algorithm 1

9 Implement the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange mechanism using HTML and 1

JavaScript.

10 Calculate the message digest of a text using the SHA-1 algorithm in JAVA. 1

11 Calculate the message digest of a text using the MD5 algorithm in JAVA. 1

CONTENT BEYOND THE SYLLABUS

S.No Topics No of weeks

1 Write a java program to implement Diffie Hellman Key Exchange 1

2 Write a java program to implement triple DES 1

3 Write a java program for Knapsack using Dynamic Programming based solution 1
Cryptography And Network Security Lab Manual
(Subject Code: R20CSE41L1)
 Lab Manual
CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY

1) Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value\Hello

World’. The programs should XOR each character in this string with 0 and
display the result.

2) Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value \Hello
World’. The program should AND or and XOR each character in this string with
127 and display the result.

3) Write a Java program to perform encryption and decryption using

the following algorithms:
i. Ceaser Cipher
ii. Substitution Cipher
iii. Hill Cipher

4) Write a Java program to implement the DES algorithm logic.

5) Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Blowfish algorithm logic.
6) Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Rijndael algorithm logic.
7) Write the RC4 logic in Java Using Java Cryptography, encrypt the text “Hello
world” using Blowfish. Create your own key using Java key tool.
8) Write a Java program to implement RSA Algorithm.
9) Implement the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange mechanism using HTML and
JavaScript.
10) Calculate the message digest of a text using the SHA-1 algorithm in JAVA.
11) Calculate the message digest of a text using the MD5 algorithm in JAVA
 PROGRAMS

Week 1.

Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value \Hello World’. The program should XOR
each character in this string with 0 and displays the result.

PROGRAM:
#include<stdlib.h>
main()
{
char str[]="Hello World";

char str1[11];
int i,len;
len=strlen(str);
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
str1[i]=str[i]^0; printf("%c",str1[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}

Output:
Hello World
Hello World
Week2

Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value \Hello World’. The program
should AND or and XOR each character in this string with 127 and display the result.

PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void main()
{
char str[]="Hello World"; char
str1[11];
char str2[11]=str[]; int
i,len; len = strlen(str);
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
str1[i] = str[i]&127;
printf("%c",str1[i]);
}
printf("\n");
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
str3[i]=str2[i]^127;
printf("%c",str3[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}

OUTPUT:
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Week 3
Write a Java program to perform encryption and decryption using the following algorithms:
a) Ceaser Cipher
b) Substitution Cipher
c) Hill Cipher

PROGRAM:
Ceaser Cipher
import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.util.Scanner;
public class CeaserCipher {

static Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

staticBufferedReaderbr=newBufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(System.in));

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

// TODO code application logic here

System.out.print("Enter any String: ");

String str = br.readLine();

System.out.print("\nEnter the Key: ");

int key = sc.nextInt();

String encrypted = encrypt(str, key); System.out.println("\

nEncrypted String is: " +encrypted);
Stringdecrypted=decrypt(encrypted, key);
System.out.println("\nDecrypted String is: "+decrypted); System.out.println("\n");
}

public static String encrypt(String str, int key)

{
String encrypted ="";

for(int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)

{
int c= str.charAt(i);
if (Character.isUpperCase(c))
{
c = c + (key % 26);
if (c > 'Z')
c = c - 26;
}

else if (Character.isLowerCase(c)) {
c = c + (key % 26);
if (c > 'z')
c = c - 26;
}

encrypted += (char) c;
}
return encrypted;
}

public static String decrypt(String str, int key)

{
String decrypted = "";
for(int i= 0; i< str.length(); i++)
{
int c= str.charAt(i);
if(Character.isUpperCase(c))
{
c = c - (key % 26);
if (c < 'A')
c = c + 26;
}
else if (Character.isLowerCase(c))
{
c = c - (key % 26);
if (c < 'a')
}
c = c + 26;
}

Output:
Enter any String: Hello
World

Enter the Key: 5

Encrypted String is: MjqqtBtwqi
DecryptedStringis: Hello World
 b)Substitution Cipher
PROGRAM:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class SubstitutionCipher
{
static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
staticBufferedReaderbr=newBufferedReader(newInputStreamReader(System.in))
;public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
// TODO code application logic here
String a
String a= "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
String b = "zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba";
System.out.print("Enter any string: ");
String str = br.readLine();
String decrypt = "";
char c;
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)
{
c=str.charAt(i);
int j = a.indexOf(c);
decrypt = decrypt+b.charAt(j);
}
System.out.println("The encrypted data is: " +decrypt);
}
}

Output:
Enter any string: aceho
The encrypted data is: zxvsl
 b)Hill Cipher
PROGRAM:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*; public class HillCipher {
staticfloat[][] decrypt= newfloat[3][1];
staticfloat[][] a= newfloat[3][3];
static float[][]b=newfloat[3][3];
staticfloat[][] mes=newfloat[3][1];
staticfloat[][]res= new float[3][1];
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//TODOcode applicationlogic here getkeymes();
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<1;j++)
(int k=0;k<3;k++) {
res[i][j]=res[i][j]+a[i][k]*mes[k][j];
}
System.out.print("\nEncrypted string is : ");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{ System.out.print((char)(res[i][0]%26+97));
[i][0]=res[i][0];

}
inverse();
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<1;j++)
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{
decrypt[i][j] = decrypt[i][j]+b[i][k]*res[k][j]; } System.out.print("\nDecrypted string is : ");
for(inti =0;i<3;i++)
{
System.out.print((char)(decrypt[i][0]% 26+97));
}
System.out.print("\n");
}
public static void getkeymes() throws IOException
{
System.out.println("Enter 3x3 matrix for key (It should be inversible): ");
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) a[i]
[j]= sc.nextFloat();
System.out.print("\nEnter a 3 letter string: ");
String msg = br.readLine();
for(int i=0;i<3;i++) mes[i]
[0] = msg.charAt(i)-97;
}
public static void inverse()
{
floatp,q;
float[][] c= a;
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) {
//a[i][j]=sc.nextFloat();
if(i==j)
b[i][j]=1;
else b[i]
[j]=0;
}
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
p = c[i][k];
q = c[k][k];
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
if(i!=k)

c[i][j] = c[i][j]*q-p*c[k][j];
b[i][j] = b[i][j]*q-p*b[k][j];
}}}}
for(int i=0;i<3;i++) for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{ b[i][j] = b[i][j]/c[i][i]; }

System.out.println(""); System.out.println("\nInverse Matrix is : "); for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {

for(int j=0;j<3;j++) System.out.print(b[i][j] + " ");
System.out.print("\n"); }
}}

Output:
Entera3letterstring:hai Encrypted string is :fdx Inverse Matrix is:
0.083333336 0.41666666 -0.33333334
-0.41666666 -0.083333336 0.6666667
0.5833333 -0.083333336 -0.33333334
Decrypted string is: hai
Week 4

Write a Java program to implement the DES algorithm logic.

PROGRAM:

import java.util.*;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.security.spec.KeySpec;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;

import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
public class DES{
private static final String UNICODE_FORMAT = "UTF8";

public static final String DESEDE_ENCRYPTION_SCHEME = "DESede";

privateKeySpecmyKeySpec;

privateSecretKeyFactorymySecretKeyFactory;

private Cipher cipher;

byte[] keyAsBytes;

private String myEncryptionKey;

private String myEncryptionScheme;

key;
static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(System.in));
publicDES()throws Exception{
// TODO code application logic here my
myEncryptionKey= "ThisIsSecretEncryptionKey";

myEncryptionScheme = DESEDE_ENCRYPTION_SCHEME;
keyAsBytes=myEncryptionKey.getBytes(UNICODE_FORMAT);

myKeySpec== new DESedeKeySpec(keyAsBytes);

mySecretKeyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(myEncryptionScheme); cipher

= Cipher.getInstance(myEncryptionScheme);

key = mySecretKeyFactory.generateSecret(myKeySpec);

public String encrypt(String unencryptedString)

{ String encryptedString = null;

try {

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);

byte[] plainText = unencryptedString.getBytes(UNICODE_FORMAT);

byte[] encryptedText = cipher.doFinal(plainText);
BASE64Encoder base64encoder = new BASE64Encoder(); encryptedString

= base64encoder.encode(encryptedText); }
catch (Exception e)
{ e.printStackTrace(); }
returnencryptedString; }
public String decrypt(String encryptedString)

{ String decryptedText=null;

try {

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
BASE64Decoder base64decoder = new BASE64Decoder(); byte[]
encryptedText = base64decoder.decodeBuffer(encryptedString); byte[] plainText =
cipher.doFinal(encryptedText); decryptedText= bytes2String(plainText); }
catch (Exception e)
{ e.printStackTrace();}
returndecryptedText; }
private static String bytes2String(byte[] bytes)

{ StringBufferstringBuffer =new StringBuffer(); for (int i

= 0; i <bytes.length;
i++) { stringBuffer.append((char) bytes[i]);
} returnstringBuffer.toString(); }
public static void main(String args []) throws Exception

{ System.out.print("Enter the string: "); DES

myEncryptor= new DES();
String stringToEncrypt = br.readLine();

String encrypted = myEncryptor.encrypt(stringToEncrypt); String decrypted

= myEncryptor.decrypt(encrypted); System.out.println("\nString To
Encrypt: " +stringToEncrypt); System.out.println("\nEncrypted Value : "
+encrypted);
System.out.println("\nDecrypted Value : " +decrypted); System.out.println("");
}

OUTPUT:

Enterthestring:WelcomeString To
Encrypt: Welcome
Encrypted Value : BPQMwc0wKvg= Decrypted
Value: Welcome
Week 5
Write a C/JAVA program to implement the BlowFish algorithm logic.
PROGRAM:
import java.io.*;
import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.security.Key;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.CipherOutputStream; import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator; import
sun.misc.BASE64Encoder; public class BlowFish{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// TODO code application logic here KeyGeneratorkeyGenerator
=KeyGenerator.getInstance("Blowfish"); keyGenerator.init(128); KeysecretKey=
keyGenerator.generateKey();
Cipher cipherOut = Cipher.getInstance("Blowfish/CFB/NoPadding");
cipherOut.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey); BASE64Encoder encoder =
new BASE64Encoder();
byte iv[] = cipherOut.getIV(); if (iv != null) {
System.out.println("Initialization Vectorofthe Cipher:" + encoder.encode(iv)); }
FileInputStream fin=new FileInputStream("inputFile.txt"); FileOutputStreamfout =new
FileOutputStream("outputFile.txt"); CipherOutputStreamcout = new CipherOutputStream(fout, cipherOut);
int input
= 0;
while ((input = fin.read()) != -1)
{ cout.write(input); }

fin.close(); cout.close(); } }

OUTPUT:
Initialization Vectorofthe Cipher: dI1MXzW97oQ= Contents of inputFile.txt: Hello
World Contents of outputFile.txt: ùJÖ˜ NåI“
Week 6
Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Rijndael algorithm logic.
PROGRAM:
import java.security.*; import javax.crypto.*; import javax.crypto.spec.*; import java.io.*;
public class AES {
public static String asHex (byte buf[]) { StringBuffer strbuf = new StringBuffer(buf.length * 2); int i;
for (i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) { if (((int) buf[i] & 0xff) < 0x10)
strbuf.append("0");
strbuf.append(Long.toString((int) buf[i] & 0xff, 16)); } return strbuf.toString(); }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{ String message="AES still rocks!!";
// Get the KeyGenerator
KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(128); // 192 and 256 bits may
not be available
// Generate the secret key specs. SecretKey skey = kgen.generateKey(); byte[] raw=
skey.getEncoded();
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(raw, "AES");
// Instantiate the cipher
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal((args.length == 0 ? message :

args[0]).getBytes()); System.out.println("encrypted string: " + asHex(encrypted));

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
String originalString = new String(original);
System.out.println("Original string: " + originalString + " " + asHex(original));
}
}

OUTPUT:
Input your message: Hello KGRCET Encrypted text: 3ooo&&(*&*4r4 Decrypted text: Hello
KGRCET
Week 7
UsingJavaCryptography, encryptthetext“Hello world” using BlowFish. Createyour own key using
Java keytool.
PROGRAM:
import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator; import javax.crypto.SecretKey; import
javax.swing.JOptionPane; public class BlowFishCipher {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// create a key generator based upon the Blowfish cipher KeyGeneratorkeygenerator =
KeyGenerator.getInstance("Blowfish");
// create a key
// create a cipher based upon Blowfish Cipher cipher
= Cipher.getInstance("Blowfish");
// initialise cipher to with secret key cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretkey);
// get the text to encrypt
StringinputText = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Input your message: "); // encrypt
message byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(inputText.getBytes());
//re-initialisetheciphertobeindecryptmode cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretkey);
// decrypt message
byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
// and display the results

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(JOptionPane.getRootFrame(), "\nEncrypted text:"+ new String(encrypted)+"\

n"+"\nDecryptedtext:"+ new String(decrypted));
System.exit(0);
}}
OUTPUT:
Input your message: Helloworld Encrypted text: 3ooo&&(*&*4r4 Decrypted text: Hello world
Week 8
Write a Java program to implement RSA Algoithm.
PROGRAM:
importjava.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class RSA{
static Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
public static void main(String[] args){
// TODO code application logic here
System.out.print("Enter a Prime number: ");
BigIntegerp= sc.nextBigInteger();// Here'soneprimenumber..
System.out.print("Enter another prime number: ");
BigInteger q = sc.nextBigInteger(); // ..andanother.
BigInteger n = p.multiply(q);
BigInteger n2 =
p.subtract(BigInteger.ONE).multiply(q.subtract(BigInteger.ONE)); BigInteger e
= generateE(n2);
BigInteger d = e.modInverse(n2); // Here's the multiplicative inverse

System.out.println("Encryptionkeysare:"+e+","+ n);
System.out.println("Decryption keys are: " + d + ", " + n);
}
public static BigIntegergenerateE(BigIntegerfiofn)
{
int y, intGCD;
BigInteger e; BigInteger
gcd; Random x = new
Random(); do {
y = x.nextInt(fiofn.intValue()-1);
String z = Integer.toString(y);
e= new BigInteger(z);
gcd = fiofn.gcd(e);
intGCD = gcd.intValue();
}
while(y <= 2 ||intGCD != 1); return e;
}
}
OUTPUT:

Enter a Prime number: 5

Enteranotherprimenumber:11 Encryption keys are: 33, 55
Decryption keys are: 17, 55
Week 9
Implement the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange mechanism using HTML and JavaScript. Consider the
end user as one of the parties (Alice) and the JavaScript application as other party (bob).
PROGRAM:
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.DHPublicKeySpec;
public class DiffeHellman{
public final static int pValue = 47;
public final static int gValue = 71; public final static int XaValue
= 9; publicfinalstaticint XbValue= 14;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{ // TODO code application logic here
BigInteger p = new BigInteger(Integer.toString(pValue));
BigInteger g = new BigInteger(Integer.toString(gValue));
BigIntegerXa = new BigInteger(Integer.toString(XaValue))
; BigIntegerXb = new BigInteger(Integer.toString(XbValue));
createKey(); intbitLength = 512; // 512 bits
SecureRandomrnd = new SecureRandom();
p = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitLength, rnd);
g = BigInteger.probablePrime(bitLength, rnd);

createSpecificKey(p, g);
}
public static void createKey() throws Exception {
KeyPairGeneratorkpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DiffieHellman");
kpg.initialize(512);
KeyPairkp = kpg.generateKeyPair();
KeyFactorykfactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("DiffieHellman");
DHPublicKeySpeckspec = (DHPublicKeySpec)
kfactory.getKeySpec(kp.getPublic().DHPublicKeySpec.class);
System.out.println("Public key is: " +kspec);
}
public static void createSpecificKey(BigInteger p, BigInteger g) throws Exception
{
KeyPairGeneratorkpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DiffieHellman");
DHParameterSpecparam = new DHParameterSpec(p, g);
kpg.initialize(param);
KeyPairkp = kpg.generateKeyPair();
KeyFactorykfactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("DiffieHellman");
DHPublicKeySpeckspec = (DHPublicKeySpec) kfactory.getKeySpec(kp.getPublic(),
DHPublicKeySpec.class);
System.out.println("\nPublic key is : " +kspec);
}
}
OUTPUT:
Public key is: javax.crypto.spec.DHPublicKeySpec@5afd29 Public key is:
javax.crypto.spec.DHPublicKeySpec@9971a
Week 10
Calculate the message digest of a text using the SHA-1 algorithm in JAVA.
PROGRAM:
import java.security.*;
public class SHA1 {
public static void main(String[] a) { try
{
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
System.out.println("Message digest object info: "); System.out.println(" Algorithm = " +md.getAlgorithm());
System.out.println(" Provider = " +md.getProvider());
System.out.println(" ToString = " +md.toString());
String input = ""; md.update(input.getBytes());
byte[] output = md.digest();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("SHA1(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));

input = "abc"; md.update(input.getBytes());

output = md.digest(); System.out.println();
System.out.println("SHA1(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));

input = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; md.update(input.getBytes());

output = md.digest();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("SHA1(\"" +input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));
System.out.println
}
catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("Exception: " +e);

}
}
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] b) {
char hexDigit[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
StringBufferbuf=new StringBuffer();
for (int j=0; j<b.length;j++)
{ buf.append(hexDigit[(b[j] >> 4) & 0x0f]);
buf.append(hexDigit[b[j] & 0x0f]);
}
returnbuf.toString(); }
}
OUTPUT:
Message digest object info: Algorithm = SHA1 Provider = SUN version 1.6
ToString = SHA1 Message Digest from SUN, <initialized> SHA1("") =
DA39A3EE5E6B4B0D3255BFEF95601890AFD80709 SHA1("abc") =
A9993E364706816ABA3E25717850C26C9CD0D89D
SHA1("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")=32D10C7B8CF96570CA04CE37F2A19D8424 0D3A89
Week 11
Calculate the message digest of a text using the MD5 algorithm in JAVA

PROGRAM:
import java.security.*;
public class MD5 {
public static void main(String[] a) {
// TODO code application logic here
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
System.out.println("Message digest object info: ");
System.out.println(" Algorithm = " +md.getAlgorithm());
System.out.println(" Provider = " +md.getProvider());
System.out.println(" ToString = " +md.toString());
String input = ""; md.update(input.getBytes());
byte[] output = md.digest(); System.out.println();
System.out.println("MD5(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));

input = "abc"; md.update(input.getBytes

output = md.digest(); System.out.println();
System.out.println("MD5(\""+input+"\") = " +bytesToHex(output));

input = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; md.update(input.getBytes());

output = md.digest();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("MD5(\"" +input+"\") = "
+bytesToHex(output));
System.out.println("");
}
catch (Exception e)
{ System.out.println("Exception: " +e); }
}
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] b) {
char hexDigit[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
StringBufferbuf =new StringBuffer(); for (int j=0; j<b.length;j++)
{ buf.append(hexDigit[(b[j] >> 4) & 0x0f]); buf.append(hexDigit[b[j] &
0x0f]); } return buf.toString(); } }

OUTPUT:
Message digest object info:
Algorithm = MD5 Provider = SUN
version 1.6
ToString=MD5MessageDigestfromSUN,<initialized>MD5("")
= D41D8CD98F00B204E9800998ECF8427E MD5("abc") =
900150983CD24FB0D6963F7D28E17F72 MD5("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
= C3FCD3D76192E4007DFB496CCA67E13B
 CONTENT BEYOND THE SYLLABUS

1. Write a java program to implement Diffie Hellman Key Exchange

PROGRAM
class Diffie_Hellman
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter
modulo(p)"); int p=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter primitive root of
"+p); int g=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Choose 1st secret
no(Alice)"); int a=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Choose 2nd secret
no(BOB)"); int b=sc.nextInt();

int A = (int)Math.pow(g,a)
%p; int B =
(int)Math.pow(g,b)%p;

int S_A = (int)Math.pow(B,a)

%p; int S_B
=(int)Math.pow(A,b)%p;

if(S_A==S_B)
{
System.out.println("ALice and Bob can communicate with each
other!!!"); System.out.println("They share a secret no = "+S_A);
}

els
e
{ System.out.println("ALice and Bob cannot communicate with each other!!!");
}
}
}
2..Write a java program to implement AES ALGORITHM

PROGRAM
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import
javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import
java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.KeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import
javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException; public
class AESExample
{
/* Private variable declaration */
private static final String SECRET_KEY = "123456789";
private static final String SALTVALUE = "abcdefg";

/* Encryption Method */
public static String encrypt(String strToEncrypt)
{
try
{
/* Declare a byte array. */
byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
/* Create factory for secret keys. */
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
/* PBEKeySpec class implements KeySpec interface. */
KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(SECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALTVALUE.getBytes(), 65536,
256); SecretKey tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec);
SecretKeySpec secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(),
"AES"); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, ivspec);
/* Retruns encrypted value. */
return Base64.getEncoder()
.encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(strToEncrypt.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
}
catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException | InvalidKeyException | NoSuchAlgorithmException |
InvalidKeySpecExcepti on | BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | NoSuchPaddingException e)
{
System.out.println("Error occured during encryption: " + e.toString());
}

}
return null;

/* Decryption Method */
public static String decrypt(String strToDecrypt)
{
try
{
/* Declare a byte array. */
byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
/* Create factory for secret keys. */
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
/* PBEKeySpec class implements KeySpec interface. */
KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(SECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALTVALUE.getBytes(), 65536,
256); SecretKey tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec);
SecretKeySpec secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(),
"AES"); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5PADDING");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, ivspec);
/* Retruns decrypted value. */
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(strToDecrypt)));
}
catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException | InvalidKeyException | NoSuchAlgorithmException |
InvalidKeySpecExcepti on |
BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | NoSuchPaddingException e)
{
System.out.println("Error occured during decryption: " + e.toString());
}
return null;
}
/* Driver Code */
public static void main(String[] args)
{
/* Message to be encrypted. */
String originalval = "AES
Encryption";
/* Call the encrypt() method and store result of encryption.
*/ String encryptedval = encrypt(originalval);
/* Call the decrypt() method and store result of decryption.
*/ String decryptedval = decrypt(encryptedval);
/* Display the original message, encrypted message and decrypted message on the console.
*/ System.out.println("Original value: " + originalval);
System.out.println("Encrypted value: " + encryptedval);
System.out.println("Decrypted value: " + decryptedval);
}
}
3. Write a java program for Knapsack using Dynamic Programming based solution
PROGRAM:

// A Dynamic Programming based solution for 0-1 Knapsack problem

class Knapsack {

// A utility function that returns maximum of two integers

static int max(int a, int b)
{ return (a > b) ? a : b; }

// Returns the maximum value that can be put in a knapsack

// of capacity W
static int knapSack(int W, int wt[], int val[], int n)
{
int i, w;
int K[][] = new int[n + 1][W + 1];

// Build table K[][] in bottom up manner

for (i = 0; i<= n; i++) {
for (w = 0; w<= W; w++) {
if (i == 0 || w == 0)
K[i][w] = 0;
else if (wt[i - 1]<= w)
K[i][w] = max(val[i - 1] + K[i - 1][w - wt[i - 1]], K[i - 1][w]);
else
K[i][w] = K[i - 1][w];
}
}

return K[n][W];
}

// Driver program to test above function

public static void main(String args[])
{
int val[] = new int[] { 60, 100, 120 };
int wt[] = new int[] { 10, 20, 30 };
int W = 50;
int n = val.length;
System.out.println(knapSack(W, wt, val, n));
}
}

OUTPUT:
220
 SET 1
1. Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value \Hello World’. The
programs should XOR each character in this string with 0 and display the result.

2. Write a C program that contains a string (char pointer) with a value \Hello World’. The
program should AND or and XOR each character in this string with 127 and display the result.

3. Write a Java program to perform encryption and decryption using

the following algorithms:
a) Ceaser Cipher
b) Substitution Cipher
c) Hill Cipher

4. Write a Java program to implement the DES algorithm logic.

5. Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Blowfish algorithm logic.
6. Write a C/JAVA program to implement the Rijndael algorithm logic

SET 2
1. Write the RC4 logic in Java Using Java Cryptography; encrypt the text “Hello world”using Blowfish.
Create your own key using Java key tool.
2. Write a Java program to implement RSA Algorithm.
3. Implement the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange mechanism using HTML and JavaScript.
4. Calculate the message digest of a text using the SHA-1 algorithm in JAVA.
5. Calculate the message digest of a text using the MD5 algorithm in JAVA.

Original value: AES SET2SE

Encrypted value:
V5E9I52IxhMaW4+hJhl56g== Decrypted
 Viva questions
1. Define Cryptography and its benefits?
2. What are the few major applications of cryptography in the modern world?
3. What is decryption? What is its need?
4. What do you mean by Secret Key Cryptography and Public Key Cryptography? How they
are different from one another?
5. What type of information can be secured with Cryptography?
6. What exactly do you know about RSA?
7. What is the Digital Signature Algorithm?
8. Differentiate symmetric and asymmetric encryption?
9. What is the Caesar cipher?
10. What is plaintext?
11. What is cipher text?
12. What are the mathematical algorithms used in symmetric cryptography?
13. What are the mathematical algorithms used in asymmetric cryptography?
14. What is the difference between a private key and a public key?
15. What is a block cipher?
16. What is Transposition Ciphers?
17. What is the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)?
18. How is a Key Distribution Center (KDC) used?
19. What are the specific components of the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)?
20. List down some Hashing Algorithms