Scribd
Upload
30 views

Week 1

Uploaded by

shaynnnbotlog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

Week 1

Uploaded by

shaynnnbotlog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

OBODL

ERARTSIE
ARULCSVAARCDOI
SVNIE
Introduction to the Human
Cardiovascular System
INTRODUCTION
 The cardiovascular system is
transport system of body
 It comprises blood, heart and
blood vessels.
 The system supplies nutrients
to and remove waste
products from various tissue
of body.
 The conveying media is liquid
in form of blood which flows
in close tubular system.
Figure 1-2(f)
FUNCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
 Transport nutrients, hormones
 Remove waste products
 Gaseous exchange
 Immunity
 Blood vessels transport blood
◦ Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
◦ Also carries nutrients and wastes
 Heart pumps blood through blood vessels
 Helps in the circulation and assimilation of
digested food in the body
COMPONENTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM

•BLOOD

•HEART

•BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD
•The Blood: Blood cells & Plasma
•Blood cells

1- Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells


Blood cells that carry oxygen and carbon
dioxide
Hemoglobin- is a protein that forms a
complex with iron molecules and together they
transport oxygen molecules throughout the
body.
2- Leucocytes – White Blood Cells
They fight infections in your body
3- Thrombocytes - Platelets
•BLOOD PLATELETS- Helps stop bleeding and
make the blood clot whenever body is injured

❖Plasma is fluid portion


Blood- carries digested food, oxygen and other
substances to the different cells of the body
A. Main Composition of Blood
• Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Plasma
• Platelets
Platelets
THE FLOW OF THE BLOOD IN THE
HEART
HEART
• Heart is a four chambered, hollow
muscular organ approximately the size
of your fist
• Location:
– Superior surface of diaphragm
– Left of the midline
– Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior
to the sternum
– Pumps blood to the different parts of the
body. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 16
HEART
A. Valves of the Heart
• Aortic valve.
• Mitral valve.
• Pulmonary valve
(or pulmonic valve).
• Tricuspid valve.

Figure 18.1
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 17
FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART
• Generating blood pressure
• Routing blood
Heart separates pulmonary and systemic
circulations
• Ensuring one-way blood flow
Heart valves ensure one-way flow
• Regulating blood supply
Changes in contraction rate and force match
blood delivery to changing metabolic needs
BLOOD VESSELS

•Blood Vessels -A closed network of tubes. It


also transports blood to all parts of the body.
•These includes:
➢ Arteries -carry blood away
from your heart.
➢ Capillaries -are smallest blood
vessels that are just one-cell thick.
➢ Veins - carry blood back
toward your heart. Capillaries, the smallest
blood vessels, connect arteries and veins.
BLOOD VESSELS
-Arteries(Distributing channel)
• Thick walled tubes
• Elastic Fibers
• Circular Smooth Muscle
• Carry blood away from the heart
–Capillaries (microscopic vessels)
• One cell thick
• Serves the Respiratory System
• The very small blood vessels through which
nutrients, oxygen and waste materials pass
–Veins (draining channel)
–Carry blood with oxygen from the lungs to the heart
CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS

•Conducting Vessels
•Distributing Vessels
•Resistance Vessels
•Exchange Vessels
•Capacitance / Reservoir Vessels
ARTERIES
 Blood vessels that
carry blood away from
the heart are called
arteries.
 They are the thickest
blood vessels and they
carry blood high in
oxygen known as
oxygenated blood
(oxygen rich blood).
ARTERIES

• Accompanied by vein and nerves


• Lumen is small
• No valves
• Repeated branching
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTEIES
• Elastic- e.g. (Aorta & its Major branches)
• Muscular -e.g.(Renal, Testicular, Radial, Tibial
etc.)
• Arterioles (<0.1 mm)-
Terminal arterioles
Meta-arterioles
Thoroughfare
channel/ preferred
CAPILLARIES (5-8 micron)

• The smallest blood


vessels are
capillaries and they
connect the arteries
and veins.
• This is where the
exchange of
nutrients and gases
occurs.
BODY CONTAINS TWO KINDS OF CAPILLARIES

• CONTINUOUS-SKIN, LUNG, SMOTH MUSCLE,


CONNECTIVE TISSUES

• FENESTRATED- PANCREAS,ENDOCRINE GLANDS,


SMALL INTESTINE,CHOROID PLEXUS,CILLIARY
PROCESS etc.
VEINS
• Blood vessels that carry
blood back to the heart
are called veins.
• They have one-way
valves which prevent
blood from flowing
backwards.
• They carry blood that is
high in carbon dioxide
known as deoxygenated
blood (oxygen poor
blood).
END ARTERIES

• END ARTERIES:
1.Central artery of
retina
2. Arteries of spleen,
liver, kidneys,
metaphyses of long
bones
3. Central branches of
cerebral cortex
REFERENCES
1- General Anatomy by Vishram Singh
2- Clinical Anatomy by R. Snell
3-Gray’s Anatomy

You might also like