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IOT Notes Unit-2 Part-A

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ECE N.V.Satyanarayana Murthy
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45 views

IOT Notes Unit-2 Part-A

Uploaded by

ECE N.V.Satyanarayana Murthy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Stages of IoT Solutions Architecture

There are several layers of IoT built upon the capability and performance of IoT elements that provides
the optimal solution to the business enterprises and end-users. The IoT architecture is a fundamental way
to design the various elements of IoT, so that it can deliver services over the networks and serve the needs
for the future.

Following are the primary stages (layers) of IoT that provides the solution for IoT architecture.

1. Sensors/Actuators: Sensors or Actuators are the devices that are able to emit, accept and
process data over the network. These sensors or actuators may be connected either through
wired or wireless. This contains GPS, Electrochemical, Gyroscope, RFID, etc. Most of the sensors
need connectivity through sensors gateways. The connection of sensors or actuators can be
through a Local Area Network (LAN) or Personal Area Network.
2. Gateways and Data Acquisition: As the large numbers of data are produced by this sensors and
actuators need the high-speed Gateways and Networks to transfer the data. This network can be
of type Local Area Network (LAN such as WiFi, Ethernet, etc.), Wide Area Network (WAN such as
GSM, 5G, etc.).
3. Edge IT: Edge in the IoT Architecture is the hardware and software gateways that analyze and
pre-process the data before transferring it to the cloud. If the data read from the sensors and
gateways are not changed from its previous reading value then it does not transfer over the
cloud, this saves the data used.
4. Data center/ Cloud: The Data Center or Cloud comes under the Management Services which
process the information through analytics, management of device and security controls. Beside
this security controls and device management the cloud transfer the data to the end users
application such as Retail, Healthcare, Emergency, Environment, and Energy, etc.
IoT Devices
Internet of Things Devices is non-standard devices that connect wirelessly to a network with each other
and able to transfer the data. IoT devices are enlarging the internet connectivity beyond standard devices
such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and desktops. Embedding these devices with technology enable us
to communicate and interact over the networks and they can be remotely monitored and controlled.

There are large varieties of IoT devices available based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. These devices range
from wireless motes, attachable sensor-boards to interface-board which are useful for researchers and
developers.

IoT devices include computer devices, software, wireless sensors, and actuators. These IoT devices are
connected over the internet and enabling the data transfer among objects or people automatically
without human intervention.

Some of the common and popular IoT devices are given below:
Properties of IoT Devices
Some of the essential properties of IoT devices are mention below:

o Sense: The devices that sense its surrounding environment in the form of temperature,
movement, and appearance of things, etc.
o Send and receive data: IoT devices are able to send and receive the data over the network
connection.
o Analyze: The devices can able to analyze the data that received from the other device over the
internet networks.
o Controlled: IoT devices may control from some endpoint also. Otherwise, the IoT devices are
themselves communicate with each other endlessly leads to the system failure.

Arduino:
Arduino boards are the microcontrollers and microcontroller kit for building digital devices that
can be sense and control objects in the physical and digital world. Arduino boards are furnished
with a set of digital and analog input/output pins that may be the interfaced to various other
circuits. Some Arduino boards include USB (Universal Serial Bus) to load programs from the
personal computer.

Raspberry Pi:
Raspberry Pi is a much popular device used in building IoT project. The recently launched Raspberry Pi 3
includes built-in WiFi and Bluetooth making the most compact and standalone computer. It provides a
powerful environment to install a variety of programming packages such as Python, Node.js, LAMP stack,
Java and much more. Using 40 GPIO pins, and four USB ports you can connect many peripherals and
accessories to the Pi.
Intel Galileo:
The Intel Galileo Gen 2 Board includes the parts such as Intel Quark SoC processor, 256MB RAM, multiple
ports and supports for Arduino device.

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