History of architecture | world architecture

20TH CENTURY MODERN

INFLUENCES

- Finland Concert Hall, Helsinki

Marcel Breuer

- Architect and designer

• Curtain wall
• Steel and plate-glass
• Folded slab by Eugene Freyssinet
• Flat slab by Robert Maillart
• Laminated timber - Best known for the design of tubular steel
• Functionalism in design Wassily Chair
- Studied at the Bauhaus - become director
Alvar Aalto
of the school's furniture department in
1924

- Designed a series of noted structures

- Town Hall of Saynatsalo including innovative houses and the
Whitney Museum of Art

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 History of architecture | world architecture

- TWA Terminal, JF Kennedy Airport

- Undulating shape was meant to evoke the
- UNESCO Secretariat Building, Paris excitement of high-speed flight
- Even interior details: lounges, chairs, signs,
Eero Saarinen and telephone booths harmonized with the
curving “gull winged” shell

Antoni Gaudi

- Dulles International Airport Building, near

Washington

- Sagrada Familia

- The General Motors Technical Center,

Warren, Michigan

- Casa Mila

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 History of architecture | world architecture

Philip Johnson

- “You can not know history ”

- He invented the term International Style
- He was responsible for the 1932 exhibition
of modern architecture

- Casa Vicens

Victor Horta

- His career reflects the movement of art

nouveau

- Glass House, New Canaan, Connecticut

- Maison Du Peuple (House of the people)

Brussels, Belgium (1897)

- AT& T Bldg. N.Y. (First Major Monument)

w/ these he became the father figure of
Post modernism.

Kisho Korukawa

- Nagakin Capsule Tower, Bldg., Tokyo,

- Tassel House, Rue de Turin, Brussels Japan

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 History of architecture | world architecture

Robert Maillart - Parliament Building, Brasilia

- He developed the “Concrete Mushroom Eric Mendelsohn

Construction – (the technique involves a
post & a mushroom top spreading from
it that are one inseparable concrete unit

- Dynamic, sculptural quality Einstein Tower,

- Tavenasa Bridge Potsdam

Oscar Niemeyer
Frank Lloyd Wright

- Worked with city planner Lucio Costa to

conceive and build Brasilia, Brazil's capital
in a record time of just four years - Falling Water, Pennsylvania
- Functionality and the use of pre-stressed
concrete dominate his designs

- Also designed the cathedral, the national

theater and the presidential palace - Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, NY

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 History of architecture | world architecture

Le Corbusier 4. Open planning - the free plan, achieved

through the separation of the load-bearing
- Based in Switzerland and France, he columns from the walls subdividing the
dominated European scene for nearly half- space
a-century 5. Cube form elevated on stilts or columns-
- He believed that "the house is a machine to “pilotis” elevating the mass off the ground
live in" - the program for building a house
should be set out with the same precision
as that for building a machine

Buckminster Fuller

- Chapel of Notre Dame, Ronchamp

- Created the Dymaxion House, the first

“machine for living” - a portable home
inside from metal alloys and plastics
- Designed all necessary mechanical systems
and devices in the center of the building,
with living spaces around it, open to the
arrangement tastes of the owner

- Villa Savoye at Poissy

Five Points of New Architecture

1. Framework structurally independent of

walls
2. Free standing façade - the free facade, the
corollary of the free plan in the vertical
plane - The United States Pavilion at Expo 67,
3. Roof garden - restoring, the area of ground Montreal
covered by the house

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 History of architecture | world architecture

Walter Gropius Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

- “Less is more & God is in the details”

- He believed that truth is beauty, expressed
by the clarity of straight lines reflecting
surfaces
- More on skyscraper designs

- Chicago Convention Hall

- Created prototype of modern architecture:
freestanding glass sheath suspended on a
structural framework - aka curtain wall
- First used this on Hallidie Building, San
Francisco in 1918
- Established Bauhaus, a school or training
intended to relate art and architecture to
technology and the practical needs of
modern life
- Farnsworth House, Illinois
Frei Otto
Otto Wagner

- “Nothing that is not practical can be

beautiful.”
- Believed that the essential basis of all
natural forms is geometries and the starting
point for artistic creation is to be found
only in Modern Life.”

- The seminal figure in the development of

tensile architecture
- Veered away from the simple geometric
solutions and built organic free forms that
could respond to complex planning and
structural requirements
- Munich Stadium for 1972 Olympic Games - Post Office Savings Bank Vienna

-End of Section-

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