Cambridge IGCSE: GEOGRAPHY 0460/13
Cambridge IGCSE: GEOGRAPHY 0460/13
* 3 4 9 3 0 6 1 7 7 1 *
GEOGRAPHY 0460/13
Paper 1 Geographical Themes May/June 2021
1 hour 45 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer three questions in total, one from each section.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● If additional space is needed, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet; the question
number or numbers must be clearly shown.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 75.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The insert contains additional resources referred to in the questions.
Definitions
MEDCs – More Economically Developed Countries
LEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries
DC (MS/CT) 197871/6
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Section A
1 (a) Study Figs. 1.1 and 1.2, which show the population structure for a rural and urban area in
Tanzania (an LEDC in Africa).
Fig. 1.1 is the population structure of rural Ifakara.
Fig. 1.2 is the population structure of urban Ifakara.
Rural Ifakara
(age)
years
male 85 + female
old 80–84 old
75–79
dependent 70–74 dependent
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
economically 40–44 economically
active 35–39 active
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
young 10–14 young
dependent 5–9 dependent
0–4
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
% of population % of population
Fig. 1.1
Urban Ifakara
(age)
years
male 85 + female
old 80–84 old
75–79
dependent 70–74 dependent
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
economically 40–44 economically
active 35–39 active
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
young 10–14 young
dependent 5–9 dependent
0–4
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
% of population % of population
Fig. 1.2
(i) What percentage of the people in urban Ifakara are female and aged 0 to 4?
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(ii) Describe two differences between the old dependent population in rural and urban
Ifakara.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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many men have migrated from both rural and urban Ifakara?
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(iv) Suggest reasons why birth rates are high in rural areas of Tanzania.
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(b) Study Fig. 1.3, which is a map showing rural and urban Ifakara.
N Idete
Namawala
H
Igumbilo Lupiro
Mkangawalo H Igota
Ikule Nakafuru
Kichangant
Kichangani
Idunda
Kidugalo
Iragua
0 10
km
Key
pharmacy/chemist
H health centre
H hospital
river
road
railway
marsh
rural Ifakara
urban Ifakara
Fig. 1.3
(i) Using evidence from Fig. 1.3 only, suggest three reasons why death rates are high in
Miwangani.
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(ii) Some parts of Tanzania are over-populated. Describe the problems faced by people
living in areas which are over-populated.
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(c) Describe the problems caused by a large dependent population in a named country you have
studied.
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[Total: 25]
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city
area Y
Key
roads
motorway
railway
river
Fig. 2.1
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(iv) Describe the impacts on local people of the growth of settlements in the rural-urban
fringe.
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(b) Study Figs. 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 (Insert), which are photographs taken in three different urban
settlements.
(i) State the functions of the urban settlements which are shown in Figs. 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4.
(ii) Explain why there are many high-order shops and services in large urban settlements
such as those shown in Figs. 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4.
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(c) For a named urban area you have studied, describe one change in land use and explain
why this change in land use has caused problems.
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[Total: 25]
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Section B
3 (a) Study Fig. 3.1, which shows climate graphs for four places.
A B
350 35 350 35
300 30 300 30
250 25 250 25
precipitation (mm)
precipitation (mm)
temperature (°C)
temperature (°C)
200 20 200 20
150 15 150 15
100 10 100 10
50 5 50 5
0 0 0 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
C D
350 35 350 35
300 30 300 30
250 25 250 25
precipitation (mm)
precipitation (mm)
temperature (°C)
temperature (°C)
200 20 200 20
150 15 150 15
100 10 100 10
50 5 50 5
0 0 0 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
Fig. 3.1
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(iii) Identify the graph which shows a hot desert climate. Give two reasons for your choice.
Reason 1 ...........................................................................................................................
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Reason 2 ...........................................................................................................................
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(b) Study Fig. 3.2, which shows information about the Awa-Guajá tribe who live in the Amazon
rainforest.
The Awa-Guajá tribe are one of the most threatened cultures on Earth and one of the last two
surviving nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes in Brazil.
It was only recently that the tribe were first contacted in order to move them into a reserve intended
to protect them. Loggers in the area, however, have refused to retreat from their territory and the
Awa-Guajá tribe face extinction.
According to a recent report, 31% of the forest in the area has already been illegally logged. As the
tribe come in contact with outsiders, they are likely to suffer from diseases which could be fatal, like
influenza, as they have no resistance to them.
The tribe are also short of food due to the loss of their habitat, causing hunger and starvation.
Loggers and ranchers continue to destroy their forests, creating situations that result in violent
conflict with the Awa-Guajá. Some reports even suggest that plantation owners have offered money
to those who kill a member of a local tribe.
Fig. 3.2
(i) Using Fig. 3.2 only, give three reasons why the Awa-Guajá tribe face extinction.
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(ii) Explain why protecting the rainforest from deforestation is also important for the natural
environment in the area where the Awa-Guajá tribe live.
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(c) Explain why large scale deforestation of tropical rainforests threatens the global natural
environment.
You should refer to named places.
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4 (a) Study Fig. 4.1 (Insert), which is a map of earthquakes in part of South America in the 21st
century.
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(ii) Describe how the depth of focus of the earthquakes shown in Fig. 4.1 changes along line
A–B. Use data in your answer.
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(iii) Explain why the depth of focus changes from A to B in Fig. 4.1.
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(iv) Explain why many people live in areas where earthquakes occur.
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(b) Study Fig. 4.2, which shows information about how to make a room safer in an earthquake.
Room A
Room B
Fig. 4.2
(i) Give three ways that Room B is likely to be safer in an earthquake than Room A.
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(ii) Explain why earthquakes are likely to cause more injuries and deaths than volcanic
eruptions.
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[Total: 25]
Section C
5 (a) Study Fig. 5.1, which is a map showing information about water supply in Africa.
Tropic of Cancer
23½°
Equator
0°
X
Tropic of Capricorn
23½°
Z
Key
areas with enough water
Fig. 5.1
(i) Identify from Fig. 5.1 the area which is likely to experience the most difficulty supplying
water to its population.
X Y Z [1]
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(iii) Explain why many rural areas in LEDCs have a shortage of water.
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(iv) Explain why it is important to increase the supply of clean water in rural areas in LEDCs.
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(b) Study Fig. 5.2, which is a map showing information about the Casier Sud water project in
Southeast Asia.
Mekong
River
N Vientiane N
VIETNAM
LAOS
THAILAND
South
Vientiane China
LAOS
Sea
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
Mek
ong
Riv
er
0 200 0 5
km km
Key
Key
pumping station
capital city of Laos
irrigation canal
location of Casier Sud water project
drainage channel
international boundary
direction of flow
Fig. 5.2
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(ii) Explain how the Casier Sud water project is likely to improve agricultural production in
the area.
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(c) For a named country or area you have studied, explain how clean drinking water is supplied.
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[Total: 25]
6 (a) Study Fig. 6.1, which shows information about the Kafue National Park in Zambia, an area
where the tourist industry is important. Zambia is an LEDC in Africa.
N Kabanga
gate
Gate
to
To Kasempa
Kasempa
plain
Busanga Plain
Ntemwa Kafue
Moshi river
River
Treetops
hot springs
Hot springs
Lufupa
Kafwala
Tatayoyo Gate
Tatayoyo gate Kafwala safari
Safari camp
camp
0 60
KKaafu
km
Ngoma
forest
Forest
Key
main road
tourist road
tourist camp
airport
Dundumwenze
Dundumwezi to Kaloma boundary of
gate
Gate national park
Fig. 6.1
(ii) Many tourists enter Kafue National Park at Nalusanga Gate and drive through it to
Tatayoyo Gate.
What is the distance and direction along the main road from Nalusanga Gate to Tatayoyo
Gate?
Distance ................................................................. km
(iii) Using Fig. 6.1 only, identify three things that have been done in Kafue National Park to
attract tourists.
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(b) Study Figs. 6.2 and 6.3 (Insert), which are photographs taken in national parks.
Fig. 6.2 was taken in the Lake District National Park in the UK.
Fig. 6.3 was taken in the Matopos National Park in Zimbabwe.
(i) Describe the natural attractions of the Lake District and Matopos National Parks which
are shown in Figs. 6.2 and 6.3.
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(ii) Explain how national parks, such as those in Figs. 6.2 and 6.3, manage tourism.
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(c) For a named tourist area you have studied, explain how the tourist industry may cause
problems for local people.
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[Total: 25]
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Additional Pages
If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question
number(s) must be clearly shown.
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