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Jacket Installation

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46 views4 pages

Jacket Installation

Uploaded by

qcsreekumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.5.

Construction and Fabrication


The construction and fabrication of the offshore platform is a key aspect of the design.
Most times, a smaller model of the actual platform is first produced for visualisation, or
some renderings are produced.
During fabrication, the cutting of the sheet metal and welding are conducted using the
working drawings for the platform. Hence, there must be high level of quality assurance
from the materials and man labour. Al the materials, welds, and welders should all be
thoroughly inspected. Different material standards are also applied. Engineering drawings
are required for cutting, fitting, welding, and assembly for each part down to the smallest
screw, nut, or bolt. A suitable fabrication yard along the water's edge should be chosen.
This fabrication yard must be well-equipped and large enough to accommodate platform
fabrication and loading. To ensure the materials are formed and delivered on time, newer
technologies are applied in the laser cutter, water jet cutters, metal sheet former/rollers,
and computerised lathe machines. Safety is very important on the site. Also, details,
precisions and accuracy are necessary elements as the material measurement tolerances
must be complied with.
4.6. Loadout and Transportation
The loadout and transportation are other important aspects of the project delivery. For
an economical construction procedure,offshore constructions are typically built onshore in
"fabrication yards." These structures must be loaded and transported offshore to the final
assembly site on board a vessel once they are completed, as seen in Figure 9. As a result, a
loadout and transportation analysis must be included in an offshore design and analysis
of a structure. All stages of the structure's loadout should be considered, and the stresses
should be verified.

973 21 of 41

Figure 9. Load-out 18,000 t topside and transportation from a yard in Zhuhai, China (Courtesy:
Ocean energy resource).
4.7. Sea Fastening Operations
Asea fastening analysis is performed before the platform is transported, and the plat
form parts (jacket, decks, and appurtenances) are connected to the barge. Where necessary,
platform motion analysis is conducted to determine the accelerations and loads acting on
the platform to examine its strerngth to support dynamic loads. The sea fasteners, grillages
and load-spreading components are necessary to distribute the stresses. They are de
signed depending on the type of structure and adopted sea fastening techniques [213-217].
Figure 10 shows some sea fasteners for offshore platforms.

Figure 10. Sea fasteners for offshore platforms, showing the front and zoomed-out views.

4.8. Lifting, Launching and Upending


4.8. Lifting, Launching and Upending
The motions of roll, pitch,,heave,
hea and yaw should be addressed in the transportation
analysis. To perform a load out and transportation analysis, the engineer will need an
environmental report detailing the worst sea-state conditions at that time of year along the
desired route. It is reasonable to assume a scenario using a 20 degrees angle of roll with
a 10 s roll period and a 12.5 degrees angle of pitch with a 10 s period, as well as a heave
acceleration of 0.2 g, based on industry standards for transportation. Lifting/launching,
upending, uprighting, and other installation stresses must allbe considered while designing
an offshore platform's structural parts. The launching and upending sequences of a
platform are illustrated in Figure 11.

Sci. Eng. 2022, 10,973 22 of 41

Mean Water Level


(MWL) MWL

Initial barge trim Masimum barge trim

Rocker arm
maximum on the barge
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
AAS DAAA DAAYAK

MWL MWL

imum base
dive

Stage 4 Stage & Stage 6


ZAYAT

Figure 11. Launching and Upending sequences of a platform jacket.


4.9. Floatover Installation and Platform Integration
Design engineers enhance the design and construction of offshore structures by pro
viding solutions that ensure that the structures are more durable, reliable, and sustainable.
One of such approaches is the floatover installation. This approach is extremely weather
dependent, with severe constraints on the highest current, wave, and wind speed that it
can withstand. Depending on the design, sometimes the existing floating crane vessels may
be unable to raise the structures as topsides get larger and heavier. This problem gave way
to a more cost-efective solution: the floatover approach.
For platform integration, the topsides modules are transported by a vessel, which then
manoeuvres into the substructure slot, positions the vessel, and lowers the topsides onto the
substructure while maintaining the vessel's position and increasing the draught. Through
the jacket slot, the floatover vessel is employed for logistics and installation. The most
difficult aspect of a floatover operation is the weather. Figure 12 shows the transportation
of the topsides for platform integration.

Figure 12. Jacket platform topside being transported floatover installation towards platform integra
tion (Courtesy: Saudi Aramco).

Sci. Eng. 2022, 10, 973 23 of 41

5. Project Management of Offshore Facilities


This section covers project management of offshore structures.
Ballasting the launch end Jecket pivots on rocker
Moving jecket along skid
of barge bearns arms

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Floating in water Upending with derrick barge In plece

Step 4 Step 5 Step 6

Figure 5 Installation of jacket by launching


Sequence of Installation Stages for Jacket
SIPM

Loadout Tow Prepare for lift

90

Lift Lower Prepare for upend


EPOIS1
EP 14251/2 Me0

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