Chapter 1: Systems of Linear Equations

Overview:
This report is the recollection of the past lessons and summary of our understanding about it.
This should be able to give you a gist of what we have understand. Linear equations are those
with variables that don't have exponents. The system of Linear equation has classification, types
and methods used to identify the given problem. As you work with more linear systems, you'll
notice that some have no solutions, some have one solution, some have multiple solutions, and
some have an infinite number of solutions. In math, we have linear system classifications that tell
us how many solutions our linear system has. These are the following:
1. Inconsistent System of Linear Equation - If the lines are parallel, the linear system is
inconsistent and has no solution. When the equations are expressed in slope-intercept
form, you can see that they have the same slope but distinct intercepts. When you solve
this type of linear system, you will get an illogical solution, such as 0=0.
2. Independent System of Linear Equation- is when you rewrite the equations in slope
intercept form, and you get two different equations with two different slopes, then you
have an independent linear system. This type of linear system has one solution. The two
lines cross at just one point. Your x will equal a number, and your y will equal a number.
3. Dependent System of Linear Equation - is when the slopes and y-intercepts of the
equations match, the system is said to be dependent. The lines in the equations are the
same. Every point on the line indicates a coordinate pair that is satisfying to the system.
As a result, there are an infinite number of possibilities.

There are three ways to solve for system of linear equation; graphing, substitution, and
elimination method.
•Graphing a system of linear equations is as simple as graphing two straight lines. When
the lines are graphed, the solution will be the (x,y) ordered pair where the two lines intersect
(cross).
•Substitution method involves three steps: Solve one equation for one of the variables.
Substitute this expression into the other equation and solve. Resubstitute the value into the
original equation to find the corresponding variable.
•Elimination method add (or subtract) a multiple of one equation to (or from) the other
equation, in such a way that either the x -terms or the y -terms cancel out. Step 2 : Then solve for
x (or y , whichever's left) and substitute back to get the other coordinate.

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;
a. Distinguish the classification of systems of linear equation in 2 and 3 variables.
b. Identify which is the best method to use in solving system of linear equation.
c. Analyze word problem, formulate equation and apply step-by-step procedure.

This report is a recollection of previous lessons and a summary of our understanding. This
should give you a good idea of what we’ve learned. Linear equations have variables that do not
have exponents. The systems of linear equations have three classifications; Consistent and
Independent, Consistent and Dependent, and Inconsistent, and methods; Elimination/Addition
Method, Substitution Method, and Graphing Method.
Here are the examples on how to compute a system of linear equations with two and three
variables.

Examples:

1. x + 4y = 8
2x – 4y = 4
Solution:

The x variable in the first equation is the easiest variable to isolate because its coefficient
is 1.

Step 1: Solve for the x in equation 1.

x + 4y = 8
x = 8 – 4y

Step 2: Substitute the quantity 8 – 4y for the y in the second equation then solve for y.

2x – 4y = 4
2(8-4y) – 4y = 4
16 – 8y – 4y = 4
16 – 12y = 4
-12y = 4 – 16
−12 y −12
=
−12 −12

y=1

Step 3: Substitute y=1 into the equation x + 4y = 8

x + 4y = 8
x + 4(1) = 8
x=8–4
x=4

Step 4: Check the ordered pair (4,1) in each original equation.

x + 4y = 8
4 + 4(1) = 8
8=8
 a1 b1 c1
Therefore, it is consistent and independent because ≠ ≠ .
a2 b2 c2

2. 3x – 2y + 2z = 4 Equation 1
4x + 2y – 5z = 1 Equation 2
y + 4y – 3z = 9 Equation 3

Step 1: Use equation 1 and equation 2 to eliminate the y to get the equation 4.

3x – 2y + 2z = 4
4x + 2y – 5z = 1
7x – 3z = 5 equation 4

Step 2 : Use the equation 2 and equation 3 to eliminate y to get equation 5.

-2[4x + 2y – 5z = 1] -2
x + 4y – 3z = 9

-5x – 4y + 10z = -2
x + y – 3z = 9
-7x + 7z = 7 equation 5

Step 3 : Use the equation 4 and 5 to get the value of z.

7x – 3z = 5
-7x – 7x = 7
4 z 12
=
4 4
z=3

Step 4: We use the equation 4 and substitute the value of z to get the value of x.

7x – 3z = 5
7x – 3(3) = 5
7x – 9 = 5
7x = 5 + 9
7 x 14
=
7 7
x= 2
 Step 5 : We use the equation 1 and substitute the value of x=2 and z=3 to get the value of
y.

3x + 2y + 2z = 4
3(2) – 2y + 2(3) = 4
6 – 2y + 6 = 4
-2y = 4 – 6 – 6
−2 y −8
=
−2 −2
y=4

Step 6 : Check the solution set {2,4,3}

3x – 2y + 2z = 4
3(2) – 2(4) + 2(3) = 4
6–8+6=4
4=4

4x + 2y – 5z = 1
4(2) + 2(4) – 5(3) = 1
8 + 8 – 15 = 1
1=1

x + 4y – 3z = 9
2 + 4(4) – 3(3) = 9
2 + 16 – 9 = 9
9=9

3. Mary Ann, Ace and Mayrina work in a clothing shop one day the three had combined
sales of Php1480. Mary Ann sol Php120 more than Ace. Ace and Mayrina combined sold
Php280 more than Mary Ann. How much did each person sell.

Represents:
Let x = be the cost of the clothes that Mary Ann sold.
y = be the cost of the clothes that Ace sold.
z = be the cost of the clothes that Mary Ann sold.

Formulation of equation:
x + y + z = 1480
x = y + 120
y + z = 280 + x

x + y + z = 1480
y + 120 + y 400 = 1480
2y = 1480 – 120 – 400
 2y 960
=
2 2
y = 480

x + 480 + 400 = 1480

y + z = 280 + y + 120
y – y + z = 280 – 120
z = 400

The cost of clothes that Mary Ann sold is Php600 cost. Clothes that Ace sold is Php480.
The cost of clothes that Mayrina sold is Php400.
Therefore it is consistent and dependent.

4. The sum of the acute angles in a right triangle is 90 degrees. The measure of one angle is
60 degrees less than 2 times the measure of the other angle. Find the measure of each
angle.

Represent:
Let x = measure of one acute angle
y = measure of other acute angle

Eq = x + y = 90
x = 2y – 6

Solve: x + y = 90
2y – 6 + y = 90
3y 96
=
3 3
y = 32 degrees

x = 2y – 6
x = 2(32) – 6
x = 64 – 6
x = 58 degrees

The two acute angles in the triangle measure 32 degrees and 58 degrees.
Therefore it is consistent independent and the solution set is {58, 32}.

Activity:

Solve the following systems of linear equations.

1. 4x + 6y = 10
 2x + 4y = 8

2. 3x – 4y = 2
4x + y = 9

Try These:
1. At an amusement park, five hotdogs and one drink cost Php16. Two hotdogs and three
drinks cost Php9. Find the cost per hotdog and the cost per drink.

2. Doctors have become increasingly concerned about the sodium intake in the P.H. diet.
Recommendations by the Philippine Medical Association indicate that most individuals
should not exceed 2400mg of sodium per day.
Suzie ate one slice of pizza, one serving of ice cream, and one glass of soda for a total of
1030mg of sodium. Mark ate three slices of pizza, no ice cream, and two glasses of soda
for a total of 2420mg of sodium. Jennie ate two slices of pizza, one serving of ice cream,
and two glasses of soda for a total of 1910mg of sodium. How much sodium is in one
serving of each item?

Conclusion:
Therefore, we conclude that there are three methods that can be used in solving system of
linear equation in two variables and three variables. Elimination and substitution method are best
and easiest method to use in solving an equation and word problems. It also included that there
are three classifications in determining the word problem, if it is consistent-independent,
consistent-dependent and inconsistent. In order to fully understand a word problem, you must
represent, state the given point on the word problems and then indicate the equation based on the
word problem. In solving word problems, you must apply the step-by step procedure to fully
understand and get the answer easier.

Submitted by:
Andres, Krizzia
De Guzman, Mary Ann
Hamon, Mariel
Lorenzana, Ace
Mallari, Kristine
Romero, Mayrina
Sulit, Chie Jane