UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA

FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING

COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Digital Signal Processing

Lab Manual No 10

Filter Design using MATLAB FDA tool

Digital Signal Processing

 UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA
FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Objectives:-

The objective of this lab is to understand the filter design using FDA tool.

Procedure:-

So far our treatment of DSP has focused primarily on the analysis of discrete-time systems. Now
we finally have the analytical tools to begin to design discrete-time systems. All LTI systems can
be thought of as filters, so, at least for LTI systems, to design a system means to design a digital
filter.

In signal processing, the function of a filter is to remove unwanted parts of the signal, such as
random noise, or to extract useful parts of the signal, such as the components lying within a
certain frequency range.

The following block diagram illustrates the basic idea.

Filters are a basic component of all signal processing and telecommunication systems. The
primary functions of a filter are one or more of the followings: (a) to confine a signal into a
prescribed frequency band or channel for example as in anti-aliasing filter or a radio/tv channel
selector, (b) to decompose a signal into two or more sub-band signals for sub band signal
processing, for example in music coding, (c) to modify the frequency spectrum of a signal, for
example in audio graphic equalizers, and (d) to model the input-output relation of a system such
as a mobile communication channel, voice production, musical instruments, telephone line echo,
and room acoustics.

Filters are widely employed in signal processing and communication systems in applications
such as channel equalization, noise reduction, radar, audio processing, video processing,
biomedical signal processing, and analysis of economic and financial data. For example in a
radio receiver band-pass filters, or tuners, are used to extract the signals from a radio channel. In
an audio graphic equalizer the input signal is filtered into a number of sub-band signals and the
gain for each sub-band can be varied manually with a set of controls to change the perceived
audio sensation.

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 UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA
FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Filters are also used to create perceptual audio-visual effects for music, films and in broadcast
studios.

The primary functions of filters are one of the followings:

(a) To confine a signal into a prescribed frequency band as in low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass
filters.

(b) To decompose a signal into two or more sub-bands as in filter-banks, graphic equalizers, sub-
band coders, frequency multiplexers.

(c) To modify the frequency spectrum of a signal as in telephone channel equalization and audio
graphic equalizers.

(d) To model the input-output relationship of a system such as telecommunication channels,

human vocal tract, and music synthesizers.

Filter Design and Analysis Tool (FDATool):-

The Filter Design and Analysis Tool (FDATool) is a powerful user interface for designing and
analyzing filters. FDATool enables you to quickly design digital FIR or IIR filters by setting
filter performance specifications, by importing filters from your MATLAB workspace, by
directly specifying filter coefficients, or by adding, moving or deleting poles and zeros.
FDATool also provides tools for analyzing filters, such as magnitude and phase response plots
and pole-zero plots. FVTool, which can be launched from FDATool, provides a separate window
for analyzing filters. You can use FDATool as a convenient alternative to the command line filter
design functions.

Below is a brief introduction to the FDATool that will give you a better understanding of how it
can be used.

Filter Design Methods:-

The tool gives you access to all of the filter design methods in the Signal Processing Toolbox.

Digital Signal Processing

 UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA
FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Using the Filter Design and Analysis Tool:-

There are different ways that you can design filters using the Filter Design and Analysis Tool.
For example:

You can first choose a response type, such as bandpass, and then choose from the available FIR
or IIR filter design methods.

You can specify the filter by its type alone, along with certain frequency- or time-domain
specifications such as passband frequencies and stopband frequencies. The filter you design is
then computed using the default filter design method and filter order.

Opening FDATool:-
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 UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA
FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

To open the Filter Design and Analysis Tool (FDATool), type

fdatool

The Filter Design and Analysis Tool opens with the Design Filter panel displayed.

FDATool contains toolbar buttons for controlling sessions and displaying a full view analysis
and various types of filter analysis. FDATool includes buttons or fields for saving filters and for
specifying the filter method, the filter order, the filter options, and the frequency and magnitude
specifications. A Design Filter button creates your new filter. The sidebar on the left side has
buttons to display the Pole-Zero Editor, the Import Filter panel, and the Design Filter panel.

Choosing a Response Type:-

Digital Signal Processing
 UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA
FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

You can choose from several response types:

 Lowpass
 Raised cosine
 Highpass
 Bandpass
 Bandstop
 Differentiator
 Multiband
 Hilbert transformer
 Arbitrary magnitude
To design a bandpass filter, select the radio button next to Bandpass in the Response
Type region of the GUI.

Choosing a Filter Design Method:-

You can use the default filter design method for the response type that you've selected, or you
can select a filter design method from the available FIR and IIR methods listed in the GUI.

To select the Remez algorithm to compute FIR filter coefficients, select the FIR radio button and
choose Equiripple from the list of methods.

Setting the Filter Design Specifications:-

Digital Signal Processing

 UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA
FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The filter design specifications that you can set vary according to response type and design
method. For example, to design a bandpass filter, you can enter

 Filter Order
 Options
 Bandpass Filter Frequency Specifications
 Bandpass Filter Magnitude Specifications

The display region illustrates filter specifications when you select Filter Specifications from
the Analysis menu or when you click the Filter Specifications toolbar button.

You can also view the filter specifications on the Magnitude plot of a designed filter by
selecting Design Mask from the View menu.

Filter Order:-

You have two mutually exclusive options for determining the filter order when you design an
equiripple filter:

 Specify order: You enter the filter order in a text box.

 Minimum order: The filter design method determines the minimum order filter.

Select the Minimum order radio button for this example.

Digital Signal Processing

 UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA
FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Computing the Filter Coefficients:-

Now that you've specified the filter design, click the Design Filter button to compute the filter
coefficients.

Notice that the Design Filter button is disabled once you've computed the coefficients for your
filter design. This button is enabled again once you make any changes to the filter specifications.

Analyzing the Filter:-

Once you've designed the filter, you can view the following filter response characteristics in the
display region or in a separate window:

 Magnitude response
 Phase response
 Magnitude and Phase responses
 Group delay response
 Phase delay response
 Impulse response
 Step response
 Pole-zero plot
Lab Tasks:-
Let us design a discrete time low pass filter by applying the
appropriate type of following filters:

1. Butterworth continuous time filter

2. Chebyshev Type I continuous time filter
3. Chebyshev Type II continuous time filter
4. Elliptic continuous time filter

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FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The specifications of the desired filters are:-

1:-

2:-

Digital Signal Processing