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Inheritance and Constructors in Java
Last Updated : 19 Jul, 2022
Constructors in Java are used to initialize the values of the attributes of the
object serving the goal to bring Java closer to the real world. We already have a
default constructor that is called automatically if no constructor is found in the
code. But if we make any constructor say parameterized constructor in order to
initialize some attributes then it must write down the default constructor because
it now will be no more automatically called.

Note: In Java, constructor of the base class with no argument gets automatically
called in the derived class constructor.

Example:

// Java Program to Illustrate

// Invocation of Constructor
// Calling Without Usage of
// super Keyword

// Class 1
// Super class
class Base {

// Constructor of super class

Base()
{
// Print statement
System.out.println(
"Base Class Constructor Called ");
}
}

// Class 2
// Sub class
class Derived extends Base {

// Constructor of sub class

Derived()
{

// Print statement
System.out.println(
"Derived Class Constructor Called ");
}
}

// Class 3
// Main class
class GFG {
 // Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{

// Creating an object of sub class

// inside main() method
Derived d = new Derived();

// Note: Here first super class constructor will be

// called there after derived(sub class) constructor
// will be called
}
}
Output
Base Class Constructor Called
Derived Class Constructor Called
Output Explanation: Here first superclass constructor will be called thereafter
derived(sub-class) constructor will be called because the constructor call is from
top to bottom. And yes if there was any class that our Parent class is extending
then the body of that class will be executed thereafter landing up to derived
classes.

But, if we want to call a parameterized constructor of the base class, then we can
call it using super(). The point to note is base class constructor call must be the
first line in the derived class constructor.

Implementation: super(_x) is the first line-derived class constructor.

// Java Program to Illustrate Invocation

// of Constructor Calling With Usage
// of super Keyword

// Class 1
// Super class
class Base {
int x;

// Constructor of super class

Base(int _x) { x = _x; }
}

// Class 2
// Sub class
class Derived extends Base {

int y;

// Constructor of sub class

Derived(int _x, int _y)
{

// super keyword refers to super class

super(_x);
y = _y;
}

// Method of sub class

 void Display()
{
// Print statement
System.out.println("x = " + x + ", y = " + y);
}
}

// Class 3
// Main class
public class GFG {

// Main driver method

public static void main(String[] args)
{

// Creating object of sub class

// inside main() method
Derived d = new Derived(10, 20);

// Invoking method inside main() method

d.Display();
}
}
Output
x = 10, y = 20

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