INSTRUCTIONAL PACING GUIDE IN

General Mathematics 11
(1st Quarter/First Semester)

Date August 22, 2022 to August 26, 2022

Section/Grade Grade 11 – GAS A, GAS B, GAS C, GAS D, HUMSS A, HUMSS B,
HUMSS C, HUMSS D, HUMSS E, and ICT
Unit Title Functions
Topic Representation of Functions
Code in MELC M11GM-la-1, M11GM-la-2, M11GM-la-3, and M11GM-la-4

Content Standard The learner demonstrates understanding of:

 key concepts of functions.

Performance Standard The learners shall be able to:

 accurately construct mathematical models to represent real-life
situations using functions.

Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

 classify functions to non-functions with ease.

 Use the two types of line tests in functions, accurately.
 Perform calculations concerning functions, correctly.

WEEK 1

Monday Number of Day/s: One

Lesson focus: Functions
GAS C
(SAPPHIRE)- Subject Matter
(8:10 – 10:10) Topics: Representations of Functions
References: Oronce, Orlando A. 2016. General Mathematics. Rex Book Store
GAS D Materials: Television/Projector, White Board/Black Board, Check/Marker.
(AMETHYST) -
(10:10 – 12:10) Learning Activities
Preparatory Activities
Tuesday 1. Opening Prayer
2. Checking of attendance
GAS B 3. House Rules
(EMERALD) –
(8:10 – 10:10) Motivation: The teachers will motivate the students by presenting pictures.
TVL-ICT
(JUPITER) – Developmental Activities
(10:10 – 12:10) The teacher will discuss the following:

Wednesday  Function is defined as “a relation in which each element of the domain

corresponds to exactly one element of the range.”
HUMSS D
(WEBER) – (8:10 –  Domain of a relation is the set of the first coordinates
10:10)
 Range is the set of second coordinates
GAS A (GARNET)
– (10:10 – 12:10) Example #1

Thursday {(E,1), (F,2), (G,4), (H,5), (M,7), (K,8), (Q,7)}

HUMSS C DOMAINS: E, F, G, H, M, and K

(HOMER) – (8:10 – RANGE:1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8
10:10)
 Characteristics of Functions
HUMSS E
(PHYTHAGORAS The following are the characteristics of functions
) – (10:10 – 12:10)
 Each element in domain X must be matched with exactly one
Friday element in range Y.
 Some elements in Y may not be matched with any element in
HUMSS A X.
(MACHIAVELLY)
 Two or more elements in X may be matched with the same
– (8:10 – 10:10)
element in Y.
HUMSS B (MARX)
Note:
– (10:10 – 12:10)
When finding the domain and the range of a function involving:
 A radical with an even index: Radicand must be non-negative
integer.
 A fraction: Denominator must not be equal to zero.

 Ways to represent a function.

Example #2

{(1,2), (2,5), (3,10), (4,17), (5,26)}

 Mapping Diagram
 Table of Values
 Graph
 Rule or correspondence
  Equation

 Vertical Line test

The vertical line test is the simplest way of determining whether a graph
represents a function. A graph represents a function if and only if no vertical
line intersects the graph in more than one point.

 Linear Function

A function f is a linear function if f(x) = mx + b, where m and b are real

numbers, and m and f(x) are not both equal to zero.

Example # 3

To sell more T-shirts, the class needs to charge a lower price as indicated in
the following table.

Target no. of shirt sales (x) Price per T-shirt (y)

500 540
900 460
1300 380
1700 300
2100 220
2500 140
Solution

By substituting the two ordered pairs: (500,540) and (900, 460).

y 2− y 1
m=
x 2−x 1
460−540
m=
900−500
−80
m=
400
−1
m=
5

y=mx+b
y 2− y 1=m(x2 −x1 )
−1
y−540= ( x−500 )
5
 −1
y−540= x+ 100
5
−1
y= x +640
5
1
y=640− x
5

Example #4
x y
1 12
3 18
5 24
7 30
9 36

Solution

y 2− y 1
m=
x 2−x 1
18−12
m=
3−1
6
m=
2
m=3

y=mx+b
y 2− y 1=m ( x 2−x 1 )
y−12=3 ( x−1 )
y=3 x +11

 Quadratic Function

The Quadratic function f ( x )=a( x−h)2 +k , a ≠ 0 is written in the

vertex form. The graph is a parabola whose vertex is the point (h, k).
The parabola is symmetric to the line x=h. if a > 0, the parabola opens
upward; if a < 0, the parabola opens downward.

Example #5

Find the dimensions of the largest rectangular garden that can be

enclosed by 60 meters of fencing.

Solution
 Let x and y denote the lengths of the sides of the garden. Then the area
A is equal to the product of x and y must give its minimum value.

A=xy
We express A into single variable, either x or y. The perimeter is 60
meters.

P=2 l+2 w
60=2 x +2 y
60 2 x +2 y
=
2 2
30=x+ y
y=30−x
Hence the formula for the area is:

A=xy
A=x ( 30−x )
2
A=30 x −x
2
A=−x +30 x
A=−( x 2−30 x+ 225 ) +225
2
A=−( x−15 ) +225

The function is a parabola that opens downward and with the vertex
at the highest point at (15,225). The absolute maximum of the function
is 225. Therefore, the maximum area is 225 square meters. Since the
width x = 15, and the length 30 – x = 15, the dimension that gives the
maximum area is 15 meters by 15 meters.

 Piecewise Function

A Piecewise function or a compound function is a function

defined by multiple subfunctions, where each subfunctions applies
to a certain interval of the main function’s domain.

Example #6

{
f ( x )= 2 x+ 5 ,if x >−4
−x +5 , if x← 4
Example #7

{
f ( x )= −x if x ≤ 2
x , if x >2

 One to One function

 A one-to-one function is a function in which for each value of y in
the range of f, there is just one value x in the domain of f such that
y=f (x ). It can be easily identified if a function is one to one function
or not, using horizontal line test.

 Evaluating Function

Evaluation of function is the process of determining the value of

the function at the number assigned to a given variable. To
evaluate function just replace each letter in the expression with the
assigned value; and perform the expression using the correct order
of operations.

Example #9

Given: f(x) = 2x + 4, find the value of the function if x = 3.

Solution:

f ( 3 )=2 ( 3 )−4
f ( 3 )=6−4
f ( 3 )=2

Example #10

Given: f ( x )=3 x 2 +7, find f(-3).

2
f (−3 )=3 (−3 ) +7
f (−3 )=3 ( 9 ) +7
f (−3 )=27+7
f (−3 )=34

Even and Odd Function

The function f is an even function if and only if f (−x ) =f ( x ), for all

x in the domain of f. The right-hand side of the equation of an even
function does not change even if x is replaced with -x.

The function f is an odd function if and only if f (−x ) =−f ( x ), for

all x in the domain f. Every term in the right-hand side of the
equation of an odd function changes sign if x is replaced by -x.

Example #11
. f ( x )=x 5
5
. f (−x ) =(−x )
. ¿ (−x ) (−x ) (−x ) (−x )(−x )
5
. ¿−x

The term changed sign when x is replaced by -x. since

f (−x ) =−f (x ), f is an odd function.

Example #12
4 2
. g ( x )=3 x −2 x
4 2
. g (−x )=3 (−x ) −2 (−x )
. ¿ 3 (−x )(−x ) (−x )(−x ) −2 (−x ) (−x )
4 2
. ¿ 3 x −2 x

 Operation of Functions

Definition

Let f and g be functions.

Their sum, denoted by +g, is denoted by ( f +g ) ( x ) =f ( x )+ g ( x ) .

Their difference, denoted by -g, is the function denoted by
( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g (x).
Their product, denoted by • g, is the function denoted by
( f • g )( x )=f ( x ) • g ( x ).
f
Their quotient, denoted by , is the function denoted by
g
f
()=
g g( x )
f ( x)
.

Example #12

f ( x )=x +5
g ( x )=2 x−1
2
h ( x )=2 x + 9 x −5

Determine the following functions:

a. ( f +g ) ( x )
b. ( f −g ) ( x )
c. ( f • g )( x )
 d. ( hg ) ( x )
Solution

a. ( f +g ) ( x ) =( x+5 )+ ( 2 x−1 )
.( f +g ) ( x ) =3 x + 4
b. ( f −g ) ( x )=( x +5 )−( 2 x−1 )
.( f −g ) ( x )=−x +6
c. ( f • g )( x )= ( x +5 )( 2 x−1 )
.( f • g )( x )=2 x 2 +9 x−5

()
2
h ( ) 2 x +9 x−5
d. x=
g 2 x−1
. ()h
g
( x )=
( x +5 )( 2 x−1 )
2 x−1

 Composition of Functions

In the composition of functions, the function is substituted to all the

variables in the other function, it is called “functions of functions” in
some references or books.

Example #13

Given f ( x )=x 2 +5 x+ 6 and h ( x )=x +2

Find (f ○ h)(x)

Solution:
( f ○ h ) ( x ) =f ( h ( x ) )
¿ f ( x +2 )

Since f =x 2+ 5 x +6
2
f ( x +2 )= ( x +2 ) +5 ( x +2 ) +6
2
¿ x + 4 x +4 +5 x+ 10+6
2
¿ x + 9 x+20

 Generalization:

The Teacher will ask the following questions to the students:

 1. What is a function?
2. How does all paired numbers a function? Why?
3. What is a piecewise function?
4. What are the two types of line tests in function? Where do we use
those line tests?
5. How do we evaluate a function?
6. What are the operations of functions?

 Evaluation:

Activity #1
Part 1
Direction: Write F if it is a function and NF if it is not a function.

1. 2.

3. { (1 , 4 ) , (3 , 8 ) , ( 5 , 16 ) , (7 ,32 ) ,(9 ,64) }

4. { ( 1 , 4 ) , ( 2 , 4 ) , ( 3 , 4 ) ,(4 , 4) }
5. { ( 1 , 4 ) , ( 1 , 5 ) , ( 2 , 6 ) , ( 2 ,7 ) }
6. A domain with a negative integer.
7. A range with a radicand less than zero.
8. y=4 x +5

9. {( ) ( ) ( )( )}
√−5
1 1
, 4 , ,7 , , 8
2
1
5
1
8
, 13

10. {( ) ( ) ( )( )}
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , , , ,
2 3 5 7 0 11 3 12

Part 2

Direction: Calculate the slope of the following sets of paired coordinates.

Write your answer in the form of linear equation.

1. { ( 1 , 4 ) , ( 3 , 8 ) , ( 5 ,16 ) , ( 7 , 32 ) ,(9 , 64) }

2. { (−1 , 7 ) , ( 1, 5 ) , ( 3 ,3 ) , ( 5 , 2 ) , ( 7 ,0 ) , }

{ ( ) ( )}
1
3. ( 9 , 1 ) , ( 3 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 3 ) , , 4 , , 5
3
1
9

Part 3
 Direction: Plot the coordinates in the cartesian plane, and perform vertical and
horizontal line test, and write a conclusion.

1. {(1,4),(3,8),(5,16),(7,32),(9,64)}
2. {(1,4),(2,4),(3,4),(4,4)}
3. {(1,4),(1,5),(2,6),(2,7)}

Answers to Activity #1

1. NF
2. NF
3. F
4. F
5. NF
6. F
7. NF
8. F
9. NF
10. NF

Part 2

y 2− y 1
1. m=
x 2−x 1
8−4
. m=
3−1
4
. m=
2
. m=2

. y=mx+b
. y 2− y 1=m ( x 2−x 1 )
. y−1=2 ( x −4 )
. y=2 x−7

y 2− y 1
2. m=
x 2−x 1
1−(−1)
. m=
5−7
2
. m=
−2
. m=−1
. y=mx+b
. y 2− y 1=m(x2 −x1 )
. y — (−1 )=−1 ( x −7 )
. y=− x+6

y 2− y 1
3. m=
x 2−x 1
2−1
. m=
3−9
−1
. m=
6

. y=mx+b
. y 2− y 1=m ( x 2−x 1 )
−1
. y−1= ( x−9 )
6
−x 3
. y= + +1
6 2
−x 5
. y= +
6 2

Part 3

1. No intersection in the vertical and horizontal line test, Therefore, it is a

function and it is a one to one function
2. No intersections in the vertical line test, however there are intersections in the
horizontal line test. Therefore, it is a function but not one to one function.
3. There is an intersection in the vertical line test, meanwhile there are no
intersections in the horizontal line test. Therefore, it is not a function.

Activity #2

Given:
f ( x )=2 x +4
2
f ( g )=x +2 x +1
h ( x )=x +1

Direction: Evaluate the following:

1. ( f +g ) ( x )
2. ( f −h )( x )
3. ( f • g )( x )
4. ()
g
h
(x)
 5. ( g ○ f )( x )

Answer to Activity #2

1. ( f +g ) ( x ) =( 2 x + 4 ) + ( x 2 +2 x +1 )
2
. ¿ x + 4 x +5

2. ( f −h )( x )=( 2 x+ 4 )−( x +1 )
. ¿ x +3

3. ( f • g )( x )= ( 2 x +4 ) ( x 2+2 x +1 )
3 2 2
. ¿ 2 x + 4 x + 2 x + 4 x +8 x + 4
3 2
. ¿ 2 x + 8 x +10 x+ 4

( x +2 x +1 )
()
2
g
4. ( x )=
h ( x+ 1 )
( x+1 ) ( x +1 )
. ¿
( x +1 )
. ¿ x +1

5. ( g ○ f )( x )=x 2 +2 x+1
2
. ¿(2 x +4 ) +2 ( 2 x+ 4 )+ 1
2
. ¿ 4 x 16 x+ 16+4 x+ 8+1
2
. ¿ 4 x +20 x +25

6. g ( x )=x 2+ 2 x +1
2
. g ( 5 )=( 5 ) +2 ( 5 ) +1
. ¿ 25+10+1
. ¿ 36

Prepared by:

TEOFILO G. CUNANAN
Subject Teacher