TECHNOLOGY OF EDUCATION AND

TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

Introduction
The term technology in education is a service concept like technology in the
service of agriculture of farmers or science in the service of mankind. It refers
to the use of equipment and machines for educational purposes. It involves
the use of a wide range of audio- visual equipments, hardware and
sophisticated electronic devices like films, projectors, radio, television, tape
recorder, teaching machines and computers etc.

Educational technology as explained earlier is a wider term than technology in

education. It includes hardware approach, software approach and systems
approach.

Educational Technology is broadly classified into the following two

heads:
1. Technology of Education.
2. Technology in Education.
1. Technology of Education
It is inherent in education itself. It refers to the application of behavioural
sciences like psychology of educational theories and practical teaching –
learning problems, instruction and motivation etc. It is concerned with the
study of educational problems and the techniques to be used in solving the
teaching-learning problems so that best results should be achieved. Broadly
speaking, technologies of planning, financing and administration are also
covered under the concept of technology of education. Techniques of
curriculum planning, transacting and evaluating also come under technology
of education. In technology of education, we use derived from psychology of
learning.

In general, following techniques are included in technology of education:

1. Analysis of instructional problems.

2. Selection of instruments for evaluation
3. Selection of strategies to obtain desired result from the teaching-learning
process.
4. Teacher behavior.
5. Programmed learning.
6. System analysis.
2. Technology in Education
Broadly speaking, technology in education implies the use of implements,
tools and machines in education in the same manner as we use these for the
development of agriculture and gardening and industry and in fact our
everyday life to reap the fruit of scientific and technological developments.
Under technology in education we include electronic media projector, film,
radio, T.V, teaching machine, computer and internet etc.

Technology in education refers to the application of engineering principles

and technology in the process of education. Basically it is called hardware
technology.
Silverman (1968) called this type of educational technology as ‘Relative
Technology’ and technology of education as ‘Constructive Educational
Technology’.

Differences between Technology of Education and Technology in

Education

Technology of Technology in
Areas education education

It is based on child In is based on the

psychology (age, principles of physical
ability and mental sciences or engineering
1. Basis level). sciences.

Its approach is
identified as software Its approach is identified
2. Approach approach. as hardware approach.

Its origin lies in the Its origin lies in the

application of application of physical
behavioral sciences to sciences or engineering
3. Origin the problems. to education.

Text books, work TV, Radio, Slide

books, news paper Projector, Computer,
4. Examples etc. OHP etc.

It is related to It is related to teaching

5. Relation learning aids. aids.
 The use of this
approach does not
require skilled Skilled personnel in
6. personnel as in hardware technology
Requirement hardware technology. are needed.

This approach is very This approach is

7. Flexibility flexible relatively rigid.

It is called
constructive
educational It is called relative
8. Type technology technology

This approach is very

9. helpful in
contribution understanding the
to need of the learners
educational and educating them It is useful in mass
system accordingly. education programmes.

10. Cost It is less costly. It is expensive.

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Use of ET is needed in the process of education because of following reasons.

1. Population Explosion
 Populations of Asian countries are increasing at a very fast speed and we
cannot educate all these people just by using teachers in the class.
 Modern media of communication like TV, Internet and CDs etc. can impart
education to millions of people together in one setting.

2. Fast Generation of New knowledge

 New knowledge is expanding at a very fast speed.
 It is almost doubling in just 3 years.
 A teacher is not supposed to impart this huge amount of knowledge by
tutorial or classroom teaching.
 ET can perform this function very easily.
3. Development of new strategies
 It is the ET that has helped to develops new strategies in the field of
education like,
1. Microteaching (inculcation of teaching skills among teachers),
2. Programmed instruction (Preparation of instructional materials in written
or CAI forms for individualized learning).
3. Instructional analysis (analysis of teaching materials into convenient parts
to be presented to students one by one) and use of hardware technology in
education etc.
4. Controlled Atmosphere
 Education cannot be treated as plaything by some teachers after the
introduction of ET.
 It has made the whole process of teaching objective, clear, scientific and
interesting.
 The teacher controls the classroom environment in his own favour but his
performance is evaluated simultaneously by applying tests.
5. Importance of Teacher’s role
 It emphasizes theories & Principles of teaching more than those of
learning.
 Thus, it has removed many of the defects of ET and has raised the
significance & relevance of a teacher in the class.
6. Mass extension of Model teaching
 The facilities of radio television and interest are new available of a large
scale.
 By demonstrating the effective teaching of renowned teachers on these
media we can benefit millions of students together.
 Even the less effective and less skilled teachers can take the benefit of these
demonstrations & improve their teaching.
7. Advantages to private students
 Many universities have given permission to students for private
examinations, even in higher education.
 These students do not attend classes
 In order to maintain standard of education in higher education, the use of
ET becomes a necessity.
8. Beneficial for teacher training colleges
 Even teacher training colleges cannot produce good teachers without the
use of ET.
 It is because; this branch of education puts emphasis on the modification of
teacher’s behavior.
(E.g.) we can develop teaching skills in student with the help of micro-
teaching techniques.

9. Improvement of school Administration

 ET helps us to analyze the problems of school administration scientifically
leading to improvement in the system.
 This is done by applying various combinations of inputs or adopting the
procedure followed by the other school systems.
10. Preservation of knowledge
 By using hardware technology, we can preserve knowledge in audio and
video cassettes, CDs & floppy disks (Pen drive)
11. Development of teaching models
 When a definite combination of inputs and strategies gives good result
repeatedly in a number of class room situations.
 It can be translated into teaching models to be used universally.
 It can be also lead to the development of teaching theories.
12. Creation of Interesting learning situations
 ET can transform the teaching-learning process from burden to enjoy
which, psychologically very sound for students.
(e.g.) use of material aids in teaching increases the interest of students.
UTILITY / USE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHERS
1. It has provided scientific and systematic approach to teachers to conduct
action research in the classroom situations to overcome the classroom
problems related to classroom environment, content, curriculum etc.
2. It helps the teacher to modernize and mechanize the teaching-learning
process. It also helps the learners to study at their own speed/rate with the
help of programmed instruction on video or computers.
3. ET supplements the teacher, with AV-aids to make the teaching-learning
process more effective.
4. It helps in teacher’s professional growth.
5. Add to their teaching competence, modify their teaching behaviour and
style, inculcate a scientific outlook, approach & attitude and help them
transfer these to their learners.
6. ET supplements teacher in their instructional programmes through the
structured lessons for remedial, enrichment or drill purposes.
7. The learners get the training of self instruction and teachers are relieved of
the burden of routine repetition for exercise & revision purposes.
FORMS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
The various forms of ET are as follows,

I. Teaching Technology
II. Instructional Technology
III. Behavioral Technology