WZ-551

The WZ-551 is a Chinese wheeled infantry fighting

WZ-551
vehicle family. The name WZ-551 actually covers two
families of vehicles with the official designations in the
People's Liberation Army (PLA) of Type 90 and Type
92. Roughly 3,000 WZ-551s are in service with the
PLA, where they are used by medium mechanized
infantry units. WZ-551s have been exported to Algeria,
Bosnia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan and Senegal.[6]

Contents
History
Origins A ZSL-92B AFV showcased in PLA Hong Kong
Early prototypes base
Type 90 and Type 92 Type Armoured fighting vehicle
Further developments
Place of origin People's Republic of China
Design
Service history
Chassis
In service 1995-present
Armament
Protection Used by See Operators
Mobility Wars Boko Haram insurgency
Variants Somali Civil War[1]
Domestic ECOWAS military
Export intervention in the Gambia[2]
Al-Shabaab Insurgency in
Operators
Cabo Delgado[3]
See also
Production history
References
Designer Jiang Hong [WZ-551B] at
External links NORINCO Vehicle Research
中国
Institute; institute 201 (

History
北方车辆研究所 China
Vehicles Research Institute)
and Institute 202

Origins Manufacturer Norinco, at Factory 256 ( 西

南车辆制造厂 Southwest
The WZ-551 project began in 1979 and was the first Vehicles Factories)
wheeled infantry fighting vehicle developed by China. Specifications
WZ-551 was developed with the experience gained
from the development of the WZ-521 wheeled armored Mass 12.5 to 15.8 tonnes
personal carrier based on Jiefang CA-30 truck. In Length 6.63 m
1981, WZ-551 finished prototyping proof of concept Width 2.80 m
designs, and the vehicle was an indigenous chassis Height 2.80 m
based on the imported Mercedes-Benz 2026 truck.[7]
Production licenses for key technologies were acquired Crew 3 + 9 passengers
from Mercedes-Benz and Deutz AG. In 1982, multiple
weapon configurations were proposed, including Armor Welded steel
35 mm autocannon, 30 mm autocannon, 25 mm Main ZPT-90 25 mm (ZSL-92)
autocannon, 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, or reverse- armament QJC-88 12.7 mm (ZSL-
engineered 2A28 Grom from Type 86 infantry fighting
vehicle. The final choice was to develop 25 mm 92A)[4]
autocannon for the IFV variant and 12.7 mm heavy ZPT-99 30 mm (ZSL-92B)[5]
machine gun for the APC variant.[8] PTP-86 100 mm (PTL-02)
Secondary Type 86 7.62mm coaxial
Another project, WZ-523 based on the domestic armament machine gun
Dongfeng EQ245 truck platform, was developed in
parallel with WZ-551. Due to utilizing old Engine BF8L413F 8-cylinder, turbo-
technologies, WZ-523 was developed much faster with charged, air-cooled diesel
initial production, starting in 1983. It first appeared on 320 hp
the 35th National Day parade in 1984. However, it was Transmission ZF 5S-lllGPA mechanical
discovered that WZ-523 chassis cannot meet the
transmission
required performance standard.[8][9] WZ-523 project
was then refocused for export effort and did not enter Suspension Independent wheel
large scale service with the People's Liberation Army Operational 800 km
(PLA).[10][11] range
Maximum 85 km/h
speed
Early prototypes

WZ-551 project pressed on and produced several prototype

vehicles with different armaments. To save development time,
technologies from other Chinese vehicles were ported into the WZ-
551, such as the sighting system, ventilation system, overpressure
NBC system from the Type 86 IFV, 25 mm autocannon from the
ZSD-89-II infantry fighting vehicle, and electrical water discharge
system from the Type 63 amphibious tank.[12] In 1984, the cooling
system and transmission system finished testing. In 1986, two more
prototypes were sent to northern provinces and southern Hainan ZSL-92 of the Myanmar Army, armed
island for cold and hot-weather trials. Plans were also made for an with 25 mm autocannon
extended 4×4 and 8×8 vehicle family. In 1986, WZ-551 was
confirmed by Central Military Commission as the future PLA
wheeled platform, beating the internal competitor WZ-523.[8]

In 1988, a deal was made with French firm GIAT to incorporate a GIAT 25-mm autocannon as the primary
weapon for WZ-551 and the work on the redesign of WZ-551 began in China even before the French gun
was delivered. Due to the urgent need to meet the schedule, the GIAT 25-mm autocannon was airlifted to
China, as opposed to delivery via cargo ships, the usual practice at the time. The French system has a night-
vision system, stabilized gun, and advanced fire control system. The new vehicle was named NGV-1, with
N for "Norinco", G for "GIAT" and V for "vehicle". However, further NGV-1 development was cancelled
due to the imposed arms embargo in 1989.[8]

In 1990, the WZ-551 was certified with the original 25 mm autocannon.[8]

Type 90 and Type 92

The finalized WZ-551 was certified with military designation ZSL-90 or Type 90 infantry fighting vehicle,
which was fitted with ZPT-90 25 mm autocannon (similar to the turret of ZSD-89-II infantry fighting
vehicle). Development continued, and the vehicle was planned as universal chassis for a variety of
weaponry platforms, such as command vehicle, anti-tank missile carrier, self-propelled anti-air system, and
armored ambulance. Despite being used as a common chassis for many different platforms, the total
number of vehicles of all types entering Chinese service is small due to its engine problem, and with the
exception of the basic APC version, no other versions of ZSL-90 is known to be successfully exported due
to the same reason.[13] It's estimated that less than 100 units of WZ-551 (Type 90) were produced.[13]

The WZ-551 (Type 90) was developed into WZ-551A. WZ-551A replaced the water-cooling engine with
the air-cooled version,[9] thus having better reliability, cross-country capability and engine performance at
high-altitude regions.[14] One distinct visual difference between WZ-551A and its predecessors is that for
WZ-551 (Type 90) and WZ-523, there's a significant gap between the front axle and the rear pair of
wheels. On the WZ-551A, the distance is the same for all axles and wheels.[13]

The redesigned WZ-551A was certified with military designation ZSL-92 or Type 92 in 1994.[9] Type 92
solved the problems of its predecessors and was quickly accepted into the Chinese military service. It also
saw much greater export success.[9][14] Type 92 was showcased to the public in the 50th National Day
parade in 1999. Like its predecessor, Type 92 was also developed as a universal chassis for various
weaponry platforms.[8] Additionally, the planned 4×4 and 8×8 versions were realized in the Type 92
program as WZ-550 (4×4 chassis) and WZ-552 (8×8 chassis).[15]

Further developments

The 4×4 armored personal carrier was developed for the Chinese police forces. Chinese military also
developed the HJ-9 missile carrier and mobile air defense missile system based on the WZ-550 chassis.
Other variants, such as PTL-02 assaults vehicle, PLL-05 self-propelled gun-mortar, were developed based
on the WZ-551 chassis.[11] The ZSL-92 was also developed into the ZSL-92B, which replaced the 25 mm
ZPT-90 with stabilized 30 mm ZPT-99 and new fire control systems.[16]

In 2005, another mobile land based air defense variant of the TY-90 missile was revealed to the Chinese
public, named as Yi-Tian (Chinese: 倚天 ) Air Defense System, or YT ADS. The weaponry includes eight
TY-90 missiles, QJC-88 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and 2 sets of 4 smoke grenade dischargers. WZ-551
is the chassis of the Yi-Tian air defense system, giving the system amphibious capability and added
protection. Additionally, a light solid state 3-D passive phased array radar is added to the fire control
system, just above the original electro-optical fire control system, providing the ADS with greater
surveillance range. The radar can be fold down for traveling and transportation.[17]

Specifications:

Maximum target altitude: 4 km

Minimum target altitude: 15 meter
Maximum target range: 6 km
Minimum target range: 300 meter
Maximum target speed: > 400 meter / second
Maximum radar searching range: >20 km
Maximum radar tracking range: 10 – 12 km
System reaction time: 6 – 8 seconds
Design

Chassis

Produced by Norinco, the WZ-551 (Type 90) first developed in 1980s and certified in 1990, but the
Chinese military were not satisfied with its performance, and the design had to be modified into WZ-551A
(ZSL-92) in 1994. The modification was mostly concentrated on improving the chassis and subsystems.
The improved WZ-551A entered service in 1995 as the ZSL-92 IFV and ZSL-92A APC. WZ-551 chassis
looks externally similar to French VAB, however they have different internal layout, and the WZ-551
chassis is much larger.[13]

The vehicle is constructed of fully-welded steel plates, the interior is divided into three compartments with
steel plates. The driver and commander sit in the front, and the engine is in the middle, with the turret
basket and the passengers compartment located in the rear. The vehicle is crewed by 3 and capable of
transporting 9 passengers. The automotive platform is a modified Chinese-made Tiema XC2030 6×6 truck,
which is a license-built version of the all-wheel drive Mercedes-Benz 2026 truck.[7]

Armament

The ZSL-92 (WZ-551A) infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) is equipped with a ZPT-90 25 mm cannon and a
7.62 mm Type 86 coaxial machine gun in a closed turret. The 25x183mmB ZPT-90 is based on the Type
87 anti-aircraft cannon, which is a bored-out version of the Type 85 anti-aircraft cannon, itself is a direct
copy of the Soviet 23x152mmB ZU-23-2. The turret has a full 360° traverse with an elevation of -8° ~ 55°.
Ammunition load for the cannon is 400 rounds, with 200 rounds carried inside the ammunition cartridges,
and an additional 200 (120 high-explosive rounds and 80 armour-piercing rounds) carried in the turret. The
gun can fire single, 3-round burst, 5-round burst, or fully automatic. The maximum cyclic rate of fire is 200
rounds/min. The secondary coaxial machine gun is fitted with 1,000 rounds. The autocannon is not
stabilized on the ZSL-92, thus the vehicle is incapable of firing on the move.[18] The sighting systems are
composed of three periscopes for driver, commander, and the gunner. The center periscope for driver can be
replaced by an image intensifying periscope. The periscope for the gunner can be fitted with passive night-
vision device, providing limited night combat capability.[12]

The ZSL-92A (WZ-551B) armored personal carrier (APC) is fitted only with a QJC-88 12.7 mm machine
gun. The troop compartment is larger and can carry 11 passengers.[19]

The ZSL-92B IFV (WZ-551B1) is an upgrade variant of the original ZSL-92. The new turret is equipped
with a fully-stabilized ZPT-99 30 mm autocannon, a Type 86 coaxial machine gun and a missile launch rail
for the SACLOS HJ-73C ATGMs positioned on the right hand side of the roof of the turret. The vehicle is
fitted with modernized electronics system, including gunner thermal imaging sight, laser rangefinder, angle
measurement sensor, and digital ballistic computer. The turret of ZSL-92B is very similar to that of ZBD-03
and ZBD-86A.[16]

Protection

The ZSL-92 is fitted with two banks of four smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret.[18] On
ZSL-92B, The turret was equipped with two clusters of three smoke grenade launchers (one on each side
of the turret). The WZ-551 chassis is made of fully-welded steel plates, providing all around protection
against small arms fire and shell splinters. The frontal plate can stop 12.7 mm machine gun fire at 200 m
(220 yd). The vehicle is also fitted with ventilation system, NBC protection system. The steel-reinforced
radial tire allows the vehicle to travel at reduced speeds for 100 km when punctured.[16]

Mobility

WZ-551 family is powered by the Deutz BF8L413F 8-cylinder, turbo-charged, air-cooled diesel engine,
developing 320 hp. The vehicle is equipped with mechanical ZF 5S-lllGPA manual transmission. The
maximum speed is 90 km/h with 800 km of range on highway. The vehicle has off-road capability and is
fully amphibious with steerable propellers behind the rear wheels.[18][19][16]

Variants

Domestic

Type 90 (WZ-551)
Designation ZSL-90. Original prototype.
NGV-1
Prototype with a French GIAT 25-mm autocannon
equipped.
Type 92 IFV (WZ-551A)
Designation ZSL-92. Mass production version,
featuring ZPT-90 25 mm autocannon capable of firing
in single, 3-round burst, 5-round burst, and full auto A Chinese HJ-9 anti-tank missile
mode.[20] system mounted on a WZ550 4x4
Type 92 APC (WZ-551B) vehicle. On display at the "Our
Designation ZSL-92A. Mass production version, Troops Towards The Sky" exhibition
featuring 12.7mm armor-plated turret.[21] in Beijing in 2007
Type 92B IFV (WZ-551B1)
Designation ZSL-92B. This was an upgraded
amphibious armored personnel carrier with ZPT-99
30 mm autocannon, maneuverability, and reliability.[5]
WZ-551A Armored Command Vehicle
Command variant of the Type 92 with higher roof.[22]
WZ-550 APC
4x4 mass production version.
WZ-550 Anti-tank Missile Carrier
Designation ZSL-02B. Four HJ-9 launchers, laser
designator and thermal-tracking sight are mounted on
an elevated platform at the rear of the WZ-550
Sri Lanka ZSL-92A armored personal
chassis.[23]
carrier
WZ-551D Air Defense System
WZ-551D is a 6x6 wheeled air defense vehicle
developed from the WZ-551 chassis. It features four
PL-9 missiles and a search/acquisition radar suite. Only one prototype was produced.[24]
Type 92 Yitian
Air defense upgrade with TY-90 anti-air missile launchers. Equipped with radar and
thermal-tracking sight. Chinese equivalent of American AN/TWQ-1 Avenger.
PTL-87 Assault Gun
Prototype assault vehicles developed in 1980s based on modified WZ-551 chassis. Four
variants were developed, including BK-1770 105 mm 6x6 assault gun,[25] BK-1990
 105 mm 8x8 assault gun,[26] modified BK-1990 with
120 mm gun,[27] and modified BK-1990 with 122 mm
howitzer.[28] In the end, none of the developed
prototypes went into production.
PTL-97 Assault Gun
Based on BK-1770 100 mm 6x6 assault gun prototype.
Equipped with the Type 86 100 mm high velocity
smoothbore cannon. The vehicle went into limited
production in 1997. Later replaced by the improved
PTL-02.[29] PTL-02(WMA-301) tank destroyers of
PTL-02 Assault Gun
Myanmar Army.
Debut in 2001. PTL-02 is a self-propelled assault gun
based on the WZ-551 chassis. Equipped with the Type
86 100 mm high velocity smoothbore cannon with a
muzzle brake.[5]
PLL-05 Self-Propelled Gun-Mortar
Debut in 2001. PLL-05 is a self-propelled 120mm gun-
mortar based on the WZ-551.[5]
XJZ-92 Armored Recovery Vehicle
ARV based on ZSL-92.

Export ZSL-92 armoured recovery vehicle of

Myanmar Army.
VN2
Upgraded export variant with 30mm cannon, either in
a one-man turret or an UW4 30 mm remote weapons station. It has only two firing ports on
each side for its passengers. The VN2C is a mine-resistant variant with applique armors
and higher ground clearance to achieve STANAG 4569 Level 3 in terms of both ballistic
and mine blast protection.[30][31]
CS/VN9
6x6 infantry combat vehicle with a 30 mm autocannon. It's characterized by the lack of
armored shutters for its bulletproof windshields (and therefore the driver's and
commander's stations have no periscopes), as well as three vision blocks and firing ports
on each side for its passengers.[30][32]
WMA301 Assault Gun
derivative of the PTL-02 with a 105 mm NATO-compatible gun.[33]

Operators
Algeria - Algerian Army[34]
Angola - Angolan Army:[2] 10 WMA-301
Assaulter and 5 WZ-551 delivered in 2016[35]
Argentina - Argentine Army: 4[35]
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Armed Forces
of Bosnia and Herzegovina: WMA301
Assaulter
Burundi - Military of Burundi: 15 WZ-
[35] Map of WZ-551 operators in blue, with licensed
551 variants in teal
Cameroon - Cameroonian Armed
Forces: 12 WMA-301 Assaulter[35] Some
 seen in anti-Boko Haram operations.[36]
Chad - Chadian Ground Forces: 30 WMA-301
Assaulter[37]
Congo-Brazzaville - Congolese Army[38]
Djibouti - Djiboutian Army: 3+ WMA-301
Assaulter[39]
Ethiopia - Ethiopian Ground Forces: 20 Type
92 [40][35]

Gabon - Gabonese Army[38] ZSL-92B of the Sri Lanka Army,

Guinea[41] armed with 30 mm autocannon

Hong Kong - Hong Kong Police Force(Explosive

Ordnance Disposal Bureau): 1 WZ-551 prototype, 1 in storage. These two vehicles were
confiscated from Norinco in August 1997, when they were transported back from Thailand
after a test for the Royal Thai Army.
Indonesia - Indonesian Army[42]
Iran - Islamic Republic of Iran Army: 150[34][43]
Kenya - Kenyan Army: 35[35]
Mali - With VN2C APCs.[44]
Mozambique - Mozambique Defence Armed Forces: 30-35[35]
Myanmar - Myanmar Army: a large amount of Type-92 APC,[45] 100 units of WMA-301
Assaulter (also known as PTL-02 Tank Destroyer) and 76 units of Type-92 ARV.[35]
Nepal - Nepalese Army: 5 [35]
Niger - Niger Armed Forces:[46] 2 WZ-551,[35] 1 destroyed by Boko Haram on 3 June
2016[47]
Oman - Omani Royal Guard: 50, including CP and ambulance version[35]
Papua New Guinea - Papua New Guinea Defence Force: 16[35]
Pakistan - Pakistan Army[48]
People's Republic of China - People's Liberation Army Ground Force - 550 Type 92 IFV
(ZSL-92); 1,250 Type 92A APC (ZSL-92A); 600 Type 92B IFV (ZSL-92B); 450 WZ-550 HJ-9
Carrier (ZSL-02B)[49]
Senegal - Senegal Army:[50] 12 WMA-301 Assaulter and 1 WZ-551 command post[35]
Sri Lanka - Sri Lanka Army: 190[35]
Sudan - Sudan People's Armed Forces: 50 assembled in Sudan under name Shateef-
2[35]
South Sudan - South Sudan People's Defence Forces uses WZ-551's.
Tanzania - Tanzanian Army: 10[35][38]
Venezuela - Venezuelan Army[35]
Zambia- Zambian Army: 5 WZ-551B[35]

See also
WZ523
Type 08
Anoa
 Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé/VAB

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External links
International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2021). The Military Balance 2021.
Vol. 121. Routledge. ISBN 9781032012278.
"WZ-551" (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/wz-551.htm). globalsecurity.
</ref>

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