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05 - OSI Model - Summarized

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15 views

05 - OSI Model - Summarized

Uploaded by

ANGUFIBO DAVID
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INFORMATION INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
BY OSI Model
ANGUFIBO DAVID
IT TRAINER
THANK YOU
IMS DEPARTMENT
SAIPALI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT
ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 1
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
OSI Model

ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 2


OSI Model

• OSI (Open System Interconnection) model was created by the International


Organization for Standardization (ISO) and international standard setting
body.
• It was designed to be reference model for describing the functions of a
communication system.
• It has seven layers, with each layer describing a different function of data
traveling through network.

ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 3


Characteristics of OSI Model:

ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 4


• Here is the graphical representation of these layers:
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data link
1 Physical
• The layers are numbered from the last one, meaning that physical layer is
considered to be first layer.

ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 5


• Most people learn to memorize these layers as “Please Do Not Throw
Sausage Pizza Away” or “All People Seems To Need Data Protection”.
7 Application All 1 Application Away
6 Presentation People 2 Presentation Pizza
5 Session Seems 3 Session Sausage
4 Transport To 4 Transport Throw
3 Network Need 5 Network Not
2 Data link Data 6 Data Link Do
1 Physical Protection 7 Physical Please

ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 6


ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 7
Purpose of these layers

So, what is the purpose of these layers?


• They are most commonly used by vendors. They enable them to implement
some functionality into networking devices, which then enables easier
interoperability with devices from other vendors.

ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 8


DESCRIPTION OF EACH OF THESE LAYERS

Physical layer:
• Defines how to move the bits from one device to another.
• It defines how cables, connectors and network interface cards are going to work
and how to send and receive bits.
• NIC, Hub and Repeater works at this layer.

Data link:
• Encapsulates a packet in a frame.
• Add header and footer
• A header contains a source and destination MAC address.
• Footer contains bit information (CRC) Cyclic Redundancy Check.
ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 9
Network layer:
• Defines a device addressing, routing and path determination.
• Device addressing is used to identify a host on a network e.g. by its IP address.
• Routers and layer 3 switches works at this layer.

Transport layer:
• It verifies the connection type to go with i.e. fast but not reliable or slow but reliable.
• In that TCP and UDP works at this layer.
• It does segmentation (breaking data in to smaller chunks)
• Sequencing or numbering
• Windowing and error check.
ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 10
Session layer:
• Defines how to establish, manage and maintain a session between two devices

Presentation layer:
• Defines data format
• It does Compression and decompression
• It also does encryption and decryption.

Application layer:
• It checks the purpose of communication.
• The following protocols work at this layer HTTP, FTP, SMTP, HTTPS, Telnet.

ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 11


SUMMARY OF THE OSI MODEL (LAYERS)
LAYER NO. LAYER NAME DATA NAME DEVICES PROTOCOL

7 Application Data HTTP, HTTPS, FTP,


TELNET, SSH, SMTP
FIREWALL
6 Presentation Data
5 Session Data
4 Transport Segments TCP and UDP
3 Network Packet Router, Layer 3 Switch IP/IPx
2 Data link Frame Switch and Bridge HDLC, PPP
1 Physical Bit NIC, Hub, Repeater

ANGUFIBO DAVID [[email protected] - 0775662728-0702437636] 11/9/2022 12

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