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 Date UNIT - Page No.

*Relatonal ata Mocle)

Thiu medel wa iscAJE
Tis model is batd on mth onakcal concept
Aclatos.
Data is toad Tabulasbmltables
Tuple
Eah celumtn o slu has a name ar attaibi

Name o a table
Dpe- Sngle auy Relatiy
Relaton

Denaa set st all ResnËted Vals abeut

atibits ay
Tple laniakle fast
atai bitt
colunna a Aelath
ardinaity No halato

itra
ete henChg, cnty snati thtnys wita great LNe kaspy 6ie
tleAloter Ter
 Date
Rlato Pago Ho
EMPLOYEE

salay
E1d ENam
Nunbai
Taipus
salay
2
3
belli
D

* Relaen Schama

alatona aiy databae

gives that uataioy ud

bsanch name, balane)

Acceut- Achen to deat

tüe denet tte act that alieud

anlatia Accswt-schama
acewd (Accswt -schea
Relahion

Chitre
acceut(accpunt nukabhanch ae, "Patie isa key lemen g
uccs"-81ltGates
 Dato
Page No.

accoyt
oLcoudnunu
banh-nOm babanc

XCHA RACTER)S MC S OP RELAT) ONS

Net necessa to ord Tupls å Atai bttu

Suct to Aaue ced diciency Tuplee sautd be

Duplieate ualues
aue th Tupes shsuld not be thusg.
Valus o each attibit shald be ateic
att ibte eyaty
Eveyy atibute sheull hau wige
Attaibut cheldl delloo e same domaiu e
ticin values

Relotion
therAelatoy

hitra
 Data Page No.
* INTEGRITY CONSTRAIN TS

halaaons to kup dita stable, accuat,

these
INTEGRITY XULES INTEKITY
CoNSTRAJNTS.

Aclaias Taseon,'alaaza au Modificato)

Caahaint

Coutiaints

Chitra
 Page No.
Date

aelaton
Canyat LNLL
T+iu becaus ht pinay keCy val iu ised to
idetiyy indivilualá80
A tasl cau caataw a null alue he than
pamay ky feld

2Nome Salasy
A 20
2
5ok

Retesenial Ttiy Censtaait

Tis costhaut i Apeciied betseen tu tablus
Cau be cithes ULL'
Cen have y thee piesed
iwith wtick it ea alated.

DNe.lecahs
A
2 24 Pund
Ce24 3
D

Ihere er ne preat 'angs, cnly smafl thswilh,C ibve Hopare fl

 Date
Page No.

Contaaint

Restaichn appied atlibut

iwludea Data Types (dega, aschan,
Tie Fesnat

e.JENanu Saloy
2

KEY COSTAAJANTS

waluo, means
hat mmeans
That dupicat alues

Dyiat Tiples uitin

"Paece sa key elementol srcess

Chitrd
 Date Page No. :

RELATCNAL LGEBR

a eceduaal

Relatinaa Algekai Cpeatiou.

chaactead
)FuNDANENTÐL ADD) TlO NAL fERAT) oN
&clact
Pasject Set itesetoa

Uion
Set diteiuc
Rename
2SET OR)ENNTE D. 4 REATOA ORIENTED OPERAT NS

Seleet
Set
eence
Renanl

Thene are no eeat thins, only snall thns

hHy thosa4Ohr Terc:
 Date Page tio

UNARY

Select Cuos Praduct

set
Riaject Set Trtesectian
Rename

* Relational Algeba Dperaod

satey tle selectin condihis

sndibbR)

stma the attaibutis

M<atibte R)

Pnchudes Tuple , all posile Combiata

Chitra'
 TP&,E)
afeiati.
apayig algebia Aclatial
afte laind Aclaion
to
give
yy al', fox inclede (2)-aue
that DiiaiM 2
te alLnelude
ion psdusa T Ttesecthon
(0) St
bits Arti B
4 Jein
RR2
iupes
Rin R
the all~nlude hat
tlat
elato1 eduees
a T (-)
tu inclusea
all
tbat
No.: Page
Dats
 Page No
Date

(SELECT OrESATICNS (s)

to eteue a
Selast peAaton uple
a satadan et
a lho
cetain

>20

ano
720
3-. seleet pomStuakt ohese SAge
and ="B-co
STUDENT(R)
S Namlsdge
Deanak 2S Deli
2 Rokyl 24
3 Kazil 30 Delli Blet
Sudesh 22
lhsun 29 B:Cons

icienskey elemet cf suces -IL Gates

Chitre
 hh ag ve wth thin natt only tirings, ent ooArg e
B.Ctm Uesn29 24
B Kapil
CaM Com Bbelhi
Delhi
30
Deapak
B"Ceos n
SState
utput
>(shudut) A
(udent)
andsAer30> Ags225 CS
y2
(
29
B-Cm Delaj Kapi!
30 3
SWame
ksARz)(studet)
No. Page Data
 Page No.
Date

CPERATICN ) :
2) PRoJECT

Aueies -
Retajeue SAge tam Sudat
Retiee Studs

Retaje ue SName on stdent

Retaiee SNme
shudatses =M8.Coms

Tes.tpslShudut)
Qutpt
24
3o
22
29

SChltre atience fs a key elemet f

success"-611Gtes
Date Page No.

SI
Deepak
2
Rahul
3
Kapil
Ralu
Cttudon)

Culy uigue Valusl

Rakl Duplicate ualues
Kapil

Deapak B.Com
Kapil 3 B-Com
B.Com

There are n grest hings, oniy sat thnet wth acnat

are H4 r thocer T
 Date

3 RENAME OPERATION(F)
tename
dtaiiad
cheiee to a nasAlatM
Aulatoral lgeba
Uuay Chehation

Wh K=Nw Relatio hame tat oe wa

E= Relatienal Algebia cperainEprLsib

tudast- dstal
25
24 Pune
30
22

29

Chitr "Patece is a yelemeng cf

success--EiliGales
Data Page No.:

Stat
23
2y
Deli
222
29

here 3re no grest thungs, only ynall cungs warh

yrt lore, Hsoy ara thsether fea
 soccess-Eitates element
of Atencete
key
Hogil
pok Deapak
2
2
udeuk
Nam ET
uolaut
Assoc
UET7
COMNDTATIUE
faputi,
Aaml musstattibitu
tta)but
na
s¡me haue mut selationy the Eett
Conditio
e that elation neo a
liminatid qe aluLs Dupliat So,
teOpeaaton
Binay
ton Re
(U) UNION
tloPage Date
 Page No.
Date

EnployeUtudat Attaibrts ae
takun m
E-Td E_Name
Deopak
2 Rojeah
3 Deapak Tasle Nanee
Kapil
Sude
5 Rotl Duplicate Lhts

T<Enane(Enplsye) Ureant >(studt

E-NQe
Deapak

Cudesla
Rohul
Soujag

tra
Iirce e ofEnt things only srrll thine s th eree teve. Hapy & hasehoic leit
 Date

Ctmpatity Condt

5Chitre
 Page Nc
Date

Cstudut)

7T<sNamu>udet)

Deepak

Enplayee nstlent

Tere cre fo get things alsriali 1L ines prect e gr ere those - Terer
 Date

t u a binay speation hih give

AlalinM:

Ctaditio

Bet tte Aelatoy mut lave kami MDi

ataibutA

tih

i- R)

ETA E_Naw
Deepak
2
3 Deupak 2

Kai
Denpak
Shulet
EA)ame
Dapak
2
Rajeul
Dagak
Chitra'
 Page Nc.
Date

Incene>(npays)-(
sutpt
E-Name
Rajeakh

)Car tesian Pouct (X):

a Dperatia oih ia wucd to
Binayy
latons
his speAatios retu a tiad alatn that
Lontaies all posible Combinatin f tples
Let Sypose Relalion R has 'm
Rela lins R, ha n' ples tteu
Cardinaliy
Degie atibute

R, XRz

hrre ere ioErEat*hir.gs, eniy srrusft thirigsth crant lges Hat t the Te