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Formulas and Identities
Tangent and Cotangent Identities Half Angle Formulas
sin0 cos0 tan 0 = - - cot 0 = - - sin 2 0 = _!_( 1-cos(20)) cos0 sin0 2 Reciprocal Identities 1 l . l cos 2 0 =-(1 + cos(20)) CSC 0 = - - Sln 0 = - - 2 sin 0 csc0 2 1-cos( 20) 1 1 tan 0 = -----'----'- sec0=-- cos0=-- 1+ cos(20) cos0 sec0 Sum and Difference Formulas 1 1 cot0=-- tan0=-- sin( a±/3) = sin a cos /3± cosasin/3 tan0 cote Pythagorean Identities cos ( a ± J3) = cos a cos fJ +sin a sin /3 sin 2 0 + cos 2 0 = l +/J) = -tan a± tan/3 tan (a_ ---- tan 2 0+ l = sec 2 0 1+tana tan/J Product to Sum Formulas 1+ cot 2 0 = csc 2 0 Even/Odd Formulas sin a sin /J = _!_ [ cos ( a - J3 )- cos ( a + J3)] 2 sin(-0) = -sin0 csc(-0) = -csc0 1 cos a cos /J = -[ cos ( a - J3) + cos ( a + J3)] cos(-0) = cos0 sec(-0) = sec0 2 tan(-0) = -tan 0 cot(-0) = -cot0 sin a cos J3 = _!_ [ sin ( a + J3) + sin ( a - J3)] 2 Periodic Formulas If n is an integer. cos a sin J3 =_!_[sin( a+ /3)- sin( a- /3)] 2 sin ( 0 + 21rn) = sin 0 csc ( 0 + 21rn) = csc 0 Sum to Product Formulas cos ( 0 + 21rn) = cos 0 sec ( 0 + 21rn) = sec 0 sin a + sin /3 = 2 sin ( a ; /3) cos ( a ; /3) tan ( 0 + 1rn) = tan 0 cot ( 0 + 1rn) = cot 0 Double Angle Formulas sin a - sin J3 = 2 cos ( a ; /3) sin ( a ; /3) sin(20) = 2sin0cos0 cos ( 20) = cos 2 0-sin 2 0 cos a + cos /J = 2 cos ( a ; /3) cos ( a ; fJ) = 2cos 2 0-1 cos a - cos J3 = -2 sin ( a ; /3) sin ( a ; /3) = 1-2sin 2 0 Cofunction Formulas tan(20) = 2tan0 1-tan2 0 Degrees to Radians Formulas sin (; - 0) = cos 0 cos (; - 0) = sin 0 If x is an angle in degrees and t is an angle in radians then csc(; -0) = sec0 sec (; - 0) = csc 0 7r t :lrX 18Ot ⇒ t = - and x = - - tan(; -0) = cot0 co{; - 0) = tan 0 180 X 18O 7r