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Grade 11 Physics Textbook and Workbook - Content

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467 views2 pages

Grade 11 Physics Textbook and Workbook - Content

Uploaded by

Imitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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KNOWLEDGE AREA: MECHANICS

Unit 1: Vectors in two dimensions


MECHANICS
Unit 2: Newton’s laws of motion

Unit 3: Newton’s law of universal gravitation

UNIT 1: Vectors in two dimensions


1.1 Scalars and vectors
1.2 Graphical
representation of vectors
1.3 Division of a
vector into components
1.4.1 Non-contact forces
1.4 What is a force?
1.4.2 Contact forces
1.5 Forces and free
force diagrams 1.6.1 Factors
affecting frictional force
Unit 1: Vectors
1.6.2 Coefficient of friction
in two dimensions
1.6.3 How to reduce friction
1.6 Frictional force
1.6.4 Static friction

1.6.5 Kinetic friction


1.7 Forces in equilibrium
1.6.6 Application
1.8 Resultant or net force
1.9.1 Head to tail method
1.9 Determining and tail to tail method
the resultant vector
1.9.2 Calculation

1.1 Scalars and vectors Note:


alars do
Physical quantities are divided into scalars and vectors. Some sc unit,
ea
not hav f
Sometimes it is sufficient just to state the magnitude and unit of a quantity, fficient o
e.g. coe
while other quantities also require the direction to be given. friction.
Therefore, we distinguish between scalars and vectors.

Doc Scientia - Physics Textbook and Workbook - Grade 11 9


MECHANICS

SCALAR VECTOR
A physical quantity that has only A physical quantity that has
magnitude. magnitude and direction.

Examples Examples
Scalar: Vector:
• mass (6 kg); time (5 s); distance (2 m); • force (6 N upward);
• speed (60 m·s-1); volume (20 m3); • weight (340 N downward);
• wavelength (60 × 10-6 m); • displacement (40 m west);
• energy (200 J); work (240 J); • velocity (5 m·s-1 direction 30°);
• power (1 200 W); temperature (273 K); • acceleration (4 m·s-2 left);
• electric current (2 A); • momentum (5 kg·m·s-1 east);
• electrical potential difference (12 V) • impulse (6 N·s west)
• coefficient of friction (0,25)

1.2 Graphical representation of vectors magnitude B


Any vector can be represented by an arrow.
• The length of the arrow represents the magnitude of
the vector; and direction
A
• the arrowhead shows the direction of the vector. θ (head)

This vector goes from A to B. start


(tail)
1.3 Division of a vector into components
Vectors exerted in one dimension are in a straight line and are parallel to either the vertical or horizontal
axes. (They are either horizontal or vertical themselves.) Vectors that are exerted in two dimensions form
an angle with the x- and/or y-axes and are in the same plane as the axes.
A plane is a flat “surface” like an invisible piece of paper. So a vector in two dimensions can be described
in terms of x and y coordinates.

Components of a force exerted at an angle to the horizontal plane


Vectors that are two-dimensional can be divided into two components (parts). Components are two
vectors at right angles to each other, which have the same effect as the original vector. Components of
a vector, F, are known as the x-component (Fx) and the y-component (Fy) respectively.

QUICK FACTS
The components can also be described as horizontal and
vertical, or parallel and perpendicular to the plane.

10 Doc Scientia - Physics Textbook and Workbook - Grade 11

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