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Dear Students,

We are elated to present you the fourth edition of Kalam Mains Improvement Booklet 2024. It contains
quotes, anecdotes, references from the movies & books, poems, case studies among others to enrich
your mains answer writing.

Moreover, given the elaborate coverage of data/facts/ committee recommendations etc. in each other
GS Marks Maximizers, we have not included them everywhere to prevent the repetition. We recommend
you to go through Separate Marks Maximizers for the comprehensive coverage.

Further, knowing the content is one thing & application of the same to write a coherent, analytical &
multidimensional answer is another. Thus, we strongly recommend you to watch the RLP videos to know

 An alternative methodology to PESTEL approach to avoid writing mechanical essays

 How to go beyond merely one side of the case study (Ethics) in multiple dimensions & not make it
boringly DESCRIPTIVE
 How not to miss out on the meaning & Hidden Dimensions of the mains answer writing
 How to leave your ‘own signature’

We hope you are able to write better answer using this content & the strategy discussed in the videos.

Best Wishes! List of Marks Improvement Booklets

(Team KALAM)  Ethics Marks Improvement Booklet
 Essay Marks Improvement Booklet
 Society Marks Improvement Booklet
 Polity Marks Improvement Booklet
 Economy Marks Improvement Booklet
 Environment & Disaster Management Marks
Improvement Booklet
 Internal Security Marks Improvement Booklet
 International Relations Marks Improvement
Booklet

Page |1
 PHILOSOPHICAL ESSAYS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Transformative power of Compassion and Forgiveness
1
/Transformation of character
2 Never give up attitude/Perseverance/Determination/ Resilience
3 Prejudice/Self-Appraisal
4 Believe in Oneself
5 Greed and Envying Others
6 Courage/ Responding in an adverse situation
7 Attitude and Aptitude
8 Justice and Fairness
9 Patriotism
10 Obsession with Change
11 Power and Character
12 Education, Knowledge, Skills and Wisdom
13 Truth, Honesty and Integrity
14 Practice makes a man perfect
15 Freedom
16 Love and Life
17 Consumerism and Materialism
18 Science and Religion
19 Self-Awakening and Self- Discovery
20 Scientific Temper and Rationalism
21 Leadership
22 Teamwork
23 Food security and Hunger
24 Poverty And Unequal Opportunities

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 EXPOSITORY ESSAYS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Women Empowerment
2 Rural economy and Agriculture
3 Children
4 Social Justice
5 Sports and Youth
6 Social media
7 Economic Development
8 Democracy, Federalism and Decentralisation
9 Climate Change and Environment vs. Development
10 Water Conservation
11 Social Entrepreneurship
12 Health
13 Urbanisation
14 Good Governance and Administration
15 Globalisation
16 Financial Inclusion
17 Energy Security and Renewable Energy
18 Space Exploration and Technology
19 Tribal rights and Forest conservation
20 Artificial Intelligence
21 Disaster Management
22 Cultural Conservation

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Page |3
 Transformative power of Compassion and Forgiveness /
01
Transformation of character

Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) Nelson Mandela: Nelson Mandela, the former President of South Africa and anti- 1) "Compassion is not
apartheid leader, demonstrated remarkable compassion and forgiveness. After religious business,
spending 27 years in prison, he forgave his captors and worked towards reconciliation it is human
and unity in a divided nation, promoting forgiveness as a means to heal and move business, it is not
forward. luxury, it is
essential for our
2) Mother Teresa, is widely celebrated for her extraordinary compassion and dedication
own peace and
to serving the most vulnerable members of society. She dedicated herself to caring for
mental stability." -
the dying, particularly those with terminal illnesses, in the slums of Kolkata (formerly
Dalai Lama
Calcutta). She believed that every individual, regardless of their condition, deserved
dignity, love, and compassion in their final moments. In 1950, Mother Teresa founded
2) "Compassion is the
the Missionaries of Charity, a religious congregation that provides care and support for
ultimate expression
those living in poverty, the sick, and the marginalized.
of your highest
3) Everyday Acts: A neighbor helping an elderly person carry groceries, a friend offering a self." - Russell
listening ear to someone going through a tough time, or a volunteer dedicating their Simmons
time to a cause they care.
3) "Forgiveness is a
4) Role of IAS in demonstrating the compassionate behaviour:
virtue of the
a) IAS officer Ramesh Gholap has rescued at least 35 kids working in garages and
brave." - Indira
hotels and sending them to schools when he was posted in Khunti and Bermo.
Gandhi
b) Compassionate Kozhikode and Operation Sulimani by Prashant Nair (IAS) are
other two initiatives which can be other two good examples reflecting a civil
4) "Forgiveness is not
servant’s compassion towards the weaker section of society. Kozhikode, in Kerala,
an occasional act; it
launched a food programme called ‘Operation Sulaimani’. Its aim is to avoid food
is a permanent
wastage and to provide free food to the poverty-stricken section of the district.
attitude." - Martin
5) Angulimala was dacoit who used to kill people and used to cut their fingers and made a Luther King Jr.
garland out of those fingers. He used to live on a hill top. Once Buddha was passing by
that hill. Angulimala got happy and came running to Buddha. He thought that Buddha 5) "The weak can
would be afraid of him but instead Buddha was peaceful and quiet, smiling with grace never forgive.
and compassion. This was turning moment for Angulimala. He became disciple of Forgiveness is the
Buddha and choose the good path after that. Later after 10 years, when same attribute of the
Angulimala returned to the village in which he had killed many people but this time as a strong." - Mahatma
saint, villagers started pelting stones on him, feeling the hatred they had for him. But Gandhi
he was quiet and peaceful just like Buddha, smiling with grace and compassion. Such
gesture moved the villagers and then they also became disciples of Angulimala.
Hence, we may face adversity in life but what matters is how we respond to it. We can
choose to be peaceful & forgiving in any situation. We may respond like Buddha and
the saint Angulimala.

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 02 Never give up attitude/Perseverance/Determination/ Resilience
Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) The experts of Spain concluded that Columbus's plans to discover a new and 1) "It is our attitude at the
shorter route to India was virtually impossible. Queen Isabella and King beginning of a difficult task
Ferdinand ignored the report of the experts. "I can make it happen," which, more than anything
Columbus persisted. And he did. Everyone knew the world was flat, but not else, will affect its successful
Columbus. The Nina, the Pinta, the Santa Maria, along with Columbus and his “There should be no
small band of followers, sailed to "impossible" new lands and thriving boundaries to human
resources. endeavour. We are all
different. However bad life
2) Thomas Edison: A renowned American inventor, who is known for his may seem, there is always
unwavering perseverance and relentless pursuit of innovation. One of the something you can do, and
most inspiring anecdotes that highlights his determination revolves around succeed at. While there’s life,
the invention of the incandescent light bulb. there is hope.” —Stephen
In the late 19th century, Edison set out to create a practical and commercially Hawking, The Theory of
viable electric light source. The journey was filled with countless setbacks and Everything
failures, but Edison remained undeterred. He famously stated, "I have not
failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." 2) "The greatest glory in living
lies not in never falling, but
3) Viswanathan Anand is an Indian chess grandmaster who has exhibited in rising every time we fall." -
exceptional perseverance and dedication throughout his career. His Nelson Mandela
perseverance and dedication allowed him to compete at the highest level
for an extended period, demonstrating his enduring passion for the game. 3) "Perseverance is the hard
After losing his World Chess Championship title in 2013, he continued to work you do after you get
compete at the highest level, eventually regaining the title of World Rapid tired of doing the hard work
Chess Champion in 2017. This ability to bounce back from setbacks you already did." - Newt
demonstrates his unwavering determination. Gingrich
(This anecdote can be used for Passion and Endurance.)
4) "Success is not final, failure
4) There are thousands to tell you it cannot be done, is not fatal: It is the courage
There are thousands to prophesy failure; to continue that counts." -
There are thousands to point out to you, one by one, Winston Churchill
The dangers that wait to assail you.
But just buckle right in with a bit of a grin, 5) "Ambition is the path to
Then take off your coat and go to it; success. Persistence is the
Just start in to sing as you tackle the thing vehicle you arrive in." —Bill
That cannot be done, and you'll do it. Bradley
Edgar A. Guest

Page |5
03 Prejudice/Self Appraisal
Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) “It is harder to crack
1) Homophobia and LGBTQ+ Prejudice: Prejudice against people who are gay, prejudice than an atom.” -
lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. This can involve discomfort with LGBTQ+ Albert Einstein
identities or the belief that these identities are unnatural.
2) Ageism: Ageism: Negative attitudes towards people of a certain age. This 2) “Willingness to explore
could involve stereotypes about older adults being out of touch with everything is a sign of
technology or younger people being irresponsible. strength. The weak ones have
3) Sherlock Holmes: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's detective often displays a strong prejudices. Prejudices are a
sense of self-confidence in his deduction skills, even coming across as arrogant protection.” -- Anais Nin
at times. However, he also acknowledges when he's made a mistake and is
always eager to learn from his experiences. 3) “What we perceive about
4) Lookism: Discrimination based on physical appearance. This could involve ourselves is greatly a
judging someone's intelligence or worth based on their weight, attractiveness, reflection of how we will end
or disability. up living our lives.” – Stephen
5) Classism: Prejudice against people based on their socioeconomic status. This Richards
can involve looking down on people who are poor or assuming someone is
wealthy based on their profession.

04 Believe In Oneself
Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) Before the idea for Harry Potter famously came to J.K. Rowling in
a dream, the writer was a single mother struggling to pay her 1) “The more you believe in yourself, the
rent. Rowling battled depression and other obstacles. Even in more other people will believe in you.”
those days, she had the belief that her novel would be ― Wesam Fawzi
successful. From no one to becoming one of the most successful
female writers in recent history, as well as one of the most 2) “If you don’t give up on something you
beloved British authors of all time, she has proved that believe truly believe in, you will find a way.” ―
system works. Roy T. Bennett
2) The Cricket with a Song: Chirpy was a cricket unlike any other.
While his brothers and sisters chirped in unison, Chirpy dreamed 3) "Believe you can and you're halfway
of a different song, a melody that danced with the wind. But there." - Theodore Roosevelt, US
whenever he tried to sing it, the other crickets stopped, their President
silence a heavy weight on his small heart. Discouraged, Chirpy
almost gave up. Then, one starlit night, he ventured far from the 4) "The only person you are destined to
burrow. As he chirped his unique song, a wise old owl hooted, become is the person you decide to be."
"What a beautiful melody! It reminds me of the wind whispering - Ralph Waldo Emerson, philosopher
through the leaves." Emboldened, Chirpy continued to sing his
5) "The only limit to our realization of
song, and soon, other creatures joined in, their voices blending
tomorrow will be our doubts of today."

Page |6
 with his to create a symphony unlike anything heard before. - Franklin D. Roosevelt, US President
Chirpy, the cricket with a different song, had found the courage
to believe in himself, creating a new and beautiful sound in the
world.
3) An aspiring artist ignores naysayers and keeps honing their craft,
believing their art has something unique to offer the world.
4) A chef experiments with unfamiliar ingredients, trusting their
creativity will lead to a delicious dish.

05 Greed and envying others

Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) Once there was a dog who wandered the streets night and day in search of 1) “Ignorance, hatred and
food. One day, he found a big juicy bone and he immediately grabbed it greed are killing nature.”—
between his mouths and took it home. On his way home, he crossed a river Masanobu Fukuoka.
and saw another dog who also had a bone in its mouth. He wanted that bone
for himself too. But as he opened his mouth, the bone he was biting fell into 2) "The world has enough for
the river and sank. That night, he went home hungry. If we always envy everyone's needs, but not
what others have, we’ll end up losing what we already have, just like the everyone's greed"-
greedy dog. Mahatma Gandhi

2) Harshad Mehta was a prominent stockbroker and a symbol of India's

booming financial market in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He gained
immense fame and wealth through his unique strategies and manipulation of
the stock market.
The Harshad Mehta scam serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of
unchecked greed. It demonstrated how the pursuit of wealth and power
through unethical means can have far-reaching implications, affecting not
only the individual but also the entire financial system and the lives of
countless people.

3) Coalgate scam- The consequences of Mr. Gupta's greed were far-reaching.

The scam deprived the nation of valuable resources and resulted in
significant financial losses for the government. The cost of electricity soared,
burdening the common citizens who were already struggling to make ends
meet.
The tale of the Coal Gate Scam serves as a reminder of how unchecked greed
can corrupt even the most powerful individuals. It highlights the devastating
impact such acts of greed can have on an entire nation, undermining trust in
the system and hindering progress.

Page |7
 06 Courage/ Responding in an adverse situation

Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) Standing Up for What's Right: Whistleblowers exposing corruption or 1) “Success is not final; failure
wrongdoing, even if it means losing their jobs. Example: Chelsea Manning: A is not fatal: it is the courage
US soldier who leaked classified documents about the wars in Iraq and to continue that counts.” ―
Afghanistan, facing a lengthy prison sentence. Winston S. Churchill
a) Edward Snowden's revelations sparked a global debate about
government surveillance and privacy. His actions led to reforms in US 2) “Bran thought about it.’ Can
surveillance practices, although the debate continues. While he lost his a man still be brave if he's
job and faced legal repercussions, his actions are seen by many as an act afraid?' 'That is the only time
of great courage that exposed a serious issue. a man can be brave,' his
father told him.” ― George
2) Extraordinary courage in extraordinary circumstances - Neerja Bhanot was R.R. Martin, A Game of
just like any other 23-year-old, except when she came face to face with Thrones
challenging times, she showed inexplicable and rare courage, something that
helped save the lives of over 300 people. She died while saving passengers on 3) “You cannot swim for new
Pan Am Flight 73 which had been hijacked by terrorists during a stopover in horizons until you have
Karachi, Pakistan. Posthumously, she became the youngest recipient of India's courage to lose sight of the
highest peacetime gallantry, the Ashoka Chakra Award. shore.” ― William Faulkner

3) Choices in adverse situation: The Blitzkrieg of Alexander’s invasion through

4) "Courage is not the absence
Persia reached the doors of India in 326 BC. Back in the day, the region lying
of fear, but the triumph over
across Khyber Pass, Gandhara was ruled by two kings- Ambi and Porus.
it. The brave person is not
Frightened by the enemies’ onslaught, Ambi surrendered even without a
one who does not feel
fight. Porus, however stood to his strength but was defeated. When asked by
afraid, but one who
Alexander, how should he be treated, Porus quickly said- “Just as one king
conquers that fear." - Nelson
treats another.” Impressed by his reply Alexander released his Kingdom and
Mandela
restored his status as a king.
The above anecdotes evidently present to us a case of adversity but the
5) "Courage is knowing what
way those two kings reacted also presents towards two choices to react to
not to fear." - Plato
adversity- to be bitter or better. Ambi was bitter and thus is infamously
remembered while the sagas of Porus sung even today.

4) Anne Frank, a young Jewish girl who documented her experiences while
hiding from the Nazis during World War II, exemplified tremendous courage
throughout her life. Despite the perilous circumstances, she fearlessly
expressed her thoughts, emotions, and aspirations, showcasing her
determination to preserve her inner voice through Diary writing. Anne Frank
maintained a strong sense of hope and belief in a better future, even when
confronted with the atrocities and horrors of the Holocaust. Her diary, "The
Diary of a Young Girl," serves as a testament to her bravery, resilience, and
unwavering spirit in the face of unimaginable adversity.

Page |8
EXPOSITORY
ESSAYS

P a g e | 27
 01 Women Empowerment

Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) Dangal Movie: All along, I was desperate for a son so he could win a gold 1) “I measure the progress of
in wrestling for India. But what didn't occur to me was that gold is gold. a community by the
Whether won by a boy or a girl.” The movie reiterated the need to treat degree of progress which
girls at par with boys, for they are both equally capable. The film takes on women have achieved” —
sexism and stereotyping existing in sports and stresses the issues girls Babasaheb Ambedkar
face when they step out of their traditional roles.
"Hamari Chhori, Choron se kam hai kay?" 2) There is no tool for
development more
2) Sudha Murthy: In 1974, the then India's largest auto manufacturer effective than the
company TELCO published a job advertisement and it mentioned that only empowerment of women.
men can apply. It was easy to let this go, but one woman stood against this - Kofi Annan.
gender bias and written a postcard to JRD Tata complaining gender
discrimination at TELCO. 3) Educate a man and you
And it made the difference, JRD Tata changed the only 'male employees' educate an individual.
policy and ordered to conduct interviews and examinations for female Educate a woman and you
applicants also. And the women who wrote the postcard was granted a educate a family. - A.
special interview and hired immediately. And thus, Sudha Murthy became Cripps.
the first female engineer hired at TELCO, opening the doors for many.
What made Sudha Murthy a strong woman? Her voice against gender 4) “The day a woman can
discrimination. walk freely on the roads at
night, that day we can say
3) Mary Kom: “Every medal I have won is a story of a difficult struggle.” – that India has achieved
Mary Kom independence” –
Mary Kom recollects her early childhood days as days of extreme Mahatma Gandhi
struggle with poverty. Making a breakthrough in boxing wasn’t easy
as people saw it as a male sport. Moreover, her diminutive size 5) Country can never be
made her path more difficult. And through all the struggle Mary Kom developed without the
found her way to win the first World Championship medal in Antalya, contribution of the other
Turkey in 2002. And the long list of glory follows. half. - Mahatma Gandhi
What made Mary Kom a strong woman? Not give up and keep moving
forward.

4) Women achievements in Science and Technology:

Marie Curie was a physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research
on radioactivity. She became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the
only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics in
1903 and Chemistry in 1911).
Katherine Johnson was a mathematician whose calculations were crucial to
the success of NASA's early space missions, including the Apollo moon

P a g e | 28
 landing. Her work helped ensure the safety and accuracy of space travel.
Kalpana Chawla was an Indian-American astronaut and the first woman of
Indian origin to travel to space. She flew on the Space Shuttle Columbia in
1997 and served as a mission specialist. Tragically, she lost her life in the
Columbia disaster in 2003.

Data:
1) Article 15(3) - The state has the authority to provide particular accommodations for women and children.
2) Article 39(a) - Free Legal aid is providing assistance to the people who are unable to afford legal
representation and access to the court system.
3) The representation of women MPs in Lok Sabha has slowly improved from 5% in the 1st Lok Sabha to 14 % in
the 17th Lok Sabha.
4) According to NCRB, almost 300 crimes are committed against women per day.
5) According to NFHS-5 (2019-21): one out of every three Indian women experience violence.
6) A community radio program in Uttar Pradesh, for raising awareness about violence against women, “Bell
Bajao!” (Ring the Bell) campaign, calls on men and boys to take a stand against domestic violence.
7) “Mpower 1on1” is a newly launched helpline in Mumbai to report domestic abuse.
8) McKinsey estimates that women do 75% of the world’s total unpaid care work.
9) SDG-5: Includes on achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls: Ending gender identity-based
discrimination, violence (in all its forms) and harmful practices.
10) The Female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) in India has witnessed an increase to 32.8%, but still much
behind the males (77.2%) - Periodic Labour Force Survey released by the National Statistical Office (NSO) (June
2020 to July 2021).

02 Rural economy and Agriculture

Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) Gandhiji’s Ideal village- An ideal Indian village will be so constructed as to 1) “The soul of India lives in its
lend itself to perfect sanitation. It will have cottages with sufficient light and villages.” – Mahatma
ventilation built of a material obtainable within a radius of five miles of it. Gandhi.
The cottages will have courtyards enabling householders to plant vegetables
for domestic use and to house their cattle. The village lanes and streets will 2) “Almost half of the
be free of all avoidable dust. It will have wells according to its needs and population of the world lives
accessible to all. It will have houses of worship for all, also a common in rural regions and mostly in
meeting place, a village common for grazing its cattle, a co-operative dairy, a state of poverty. Such
primary and secondary schools in which industrial education will be the inequalities in human
central fact, and it will have Panchayats for settling disputes. It will produce development have been one
its own grains, vegetables and fruit, and its own Khadi. of the primary reasons for
unrest and, in some parts of
2) Farmer suicides: Financial burdens caused by climate change and the world, even violence.” -
government policies have led to a rise in the number of suicides among A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
agricultural workers. Maharashtra state has suffered more than most. The
latest report of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) in India,

P a g e | 29
 said 5,563 agricultural laborers committed suicide last year and the number 3) "The strength of a nation lies
of people killing themselves in the industry increased by 9% from 2020, and in the prosperity of its
up 29% from 2019. Most suicides were reported in Maharashtra, followed by villages and the well-being of
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. its rural economy." -
Jawaharlal Nehru
3) Amul success story: The Amul cooperative played a pivotal role in
transforming the lives of farmers and revolutionizing the dairy sector in the
country. It stands as a shining example of the power of collective action and
a sustainable approach to agriculture and rural livelihoods.

4) Kerala Backwaters in India: Lush greenery, tranquil canals, and traditional

houseboats attract tourists seeking relaxation and cultural experiences.
Homestays and locally-sourced food enhance the visitor experience and
spread the economic benefits to local residents.

Data:
1) Insights from the latest ‘Situation Assessment of Agricultural Households and Land Holdings of Households
in Rural India, 2019’
a) More than half of India’s agricultural households were in debt, with an average outstanding of Rs 74,121
(Rise of 57% from 2013).
b) Average income of agricultural households increased to Rs 10,218 in 2019 from Rs 6,426 in 2013.
c) 69.6 % of the outstanding loans were taken from institutional sources while 20.5 % of loans were from
professional moneylenders.
d) OECD data: 85% of operational land holdings are less than 2 hectares and account for 45% of the total
cropped area.
e) Only 5% of farmers work on land holding larger than 4 hectares, according to the Agricultural Census,
2016.
2) Share of agriculture in India's GDP declined to 15 per cent last fiscal year from 35 per cent in 1990-91 due to
rapid growth in the industrial and service sector
3) The Gross Capital Formation as percent of agricultural GDP (16%) is much lower than the GCF of Indian
Economy (around 30% of India's GDP).

03 Children
Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) One day Thomas Edison came home and gave a paper to his mother. He 1) "There is no greater violence
told her, "My teacher gave this paper to me and told me to only give it to than to deny the dreams of our
my mother." His mother’s eyes were tearful as she read the letter loud children." - Kailash Satyarthi
to her child: “Your son is a genius. This school is too small for him and
doesn’t have enough good teachers for training him. Please teach him 2) "Children must be taught how to
yourself.” Many years later, after Edison’s mother had died, he was think, not what to think."-
looking through old family things. Now one of the greatest inventors of Margaret Mead
the century, he suddenly saw a folded piece of paper in the corner of a

P a g e | 30
 desk drawer. He took it and opened it up. On the paper was written: Your 3) “I may not have time for adults,
son is addled [mentally ill]. We won’t allow him to school any more. but I have enough time for
Edison cried for hours and then he wrote in his diary: “Thomas Alva children” – Pandit Jawaharlal
Edison was an addled child that, by a hero mother, became the genius Nehru
of the century.”
4) “Everybody is a genius. But if you
2) Every child is special – Key message from ‘Taare Zamin Par’- Taare judge a fish by its ability to climb
Zameen Par is about a child who suffers because no one around him a tree, it will live its whole life
recognizes that he is a slow learner. He dislikes school and fails every believing that it is stupid” –
test or exam. He finds all subjects difficult, and is belittled and berated Albert Einstein
by his teachers and classmates. But Ishaan’s internal world is rich with
wonders that he is unable to convey to others, magical lands filled with 5) “Don't worry that children never
colour and animated animals. He is an artist whose talent is listen to you; worry that they are
unrecognised. The film Taare Zameen Par also portrays the tormented always watching you.” - Robert
life at school and at home of a child with dyslexia and his eventual Fulghum
success after his artistic talents are discovered by his art teacher at the
boarding school.

Data:
1) CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS:
a) Article 21A: Right to Education
b) Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
2) Globally, 1 in 10 children worldwide engaged in child labour.
3) In India, as per Census 2011, the number of child labourers is around 10 million.
4) 72% of all child labour occur within families.
5) NFHS-5 FINDINGS:
a) Stunting: 38.4% of children under the age of five years i.e. One in every 3 children is stunted India has the second
highest number of stunted children in South Asia (at 38%).
b) Malnourishment: One in every 3 children is malnourished.
c) Wasting: 17% of children under the age of five years.
d) Underweight: 19.7% under the age of five years.
e) Overweight: 4% of children under the age of five years.
f) Exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-5 months of age: 58%
2) FINDING OF OTHER REPORTS:
a) According to a UNICEF report, India has world’s highest number of children with severe acute malnutrition.
b) In Global Hunger Index (2022), India ranks 107th out of the 116 countries. (India has performed worse than all the
countries in the South Asian region barring war-torn Afghanistan.)
3) The 'Paalan 1000 campaign- Journey of the First 1000 Days', focuses on the cognitive developments of children in the first 2
years of its life.

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 04 Social Justice

Anecdotes/Poems Quotes
1) "Social justice cannot be
1) Café Able: Inside the Collectorate in Thoothukudi, people are usually seen attained by violence.
waiting outside the Collector’s office. Now they have a new space to hang Violence kills what it intends
out: Cafe Able. The cafe run by 12 differently-abled people has become a to create." - Pope John Paul
hometown hit in no time. The café aims to challenge social disabilities, II
showcase the abilities of individuals with disabilities, and promote inclusivity
in the workforce. 2) "Human rights are not only
2) Rosa Parks: An African-American woman who refused to give up her seat on violated by terrorism,
a bus to a white passenger, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott and repression or assassination,
becoming a powerful symbol of the civil rights movement. but also by unfair economic
structures that create huge
3) Gilbert Baker: An American artist, activist, and designer of the rainbow flag, inequalities." - Pope Francis
a widely recognized symbol of LGBTQ+ pride.
3) “The purification required is
4) Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891-1956): A jurist, social reformer, and political
not of untouchables but of
leader, Ambedkar was born into an "untouchable" caste and championed
the so-called superior
the rights of Dalits. He was the architect of India's Constitution and a strong
castes.”- Mahatma Gandhi
advocate for affirmative action for disadvantaged groups.

5) Vikram Seth: Best known for his novel ‘A Suitable Boy’, Vikram Seth has been 4) “The soul has neither sex,
a renowned face in the literary circles for more than three decades and is nor caste nor imperfection.”-
regarded as one of the most influential writers of the modern era. Son of Swami Vivekananda
Prem Seth and Leila Seth, who was the first woman Chief Justice of a High
Court in India, Seth studied at some of the best schools in the country before
going to England for higher studies. His mother, Justice Leila has been openly
supportive of him and has been a strong supporter of the gay rights
movement. Her disapproval of Section 377 is known to the world.

6) Medha Patkar (1954-Present): A social activist known for her work with the
Narmada Bachao Andolan (Save the Narmada Movement), fighting for the
rights of displaced indigenous people affected by dam construction projects.

Data:
1) India has 104 million older people (60+years), constituting 8.6% of total population. (Census 2011)
2) Over 71% of elderly population resides in rural areas.
3) 2.2% of the total population are disabled (Census 2011). Among the disabled population 56% are males and 44% are
females.
4) Only 35% of the total disabled persons are workers.
5) Only around 55% disabled are literates.
6) 99 percent of transgender people have experienced social rejections on multiple occasions.

P a g e | 32
PYQ KFG KALAM FACE 2 FACE GROUP

MENTORS SUBJECTS

Rajendra Chaudhary, IRS

Ex-ICAS, Ex-DANPS, IIT KGP
CHIEF
MENTOR
Shivraj Gurjar
B.Tech, IIT Kharagpur Φ
Democratizing Math Learning

Shubham Jain, IPS Virupaksh Singh, IAS

AIR-152, CSE 2022, NLU LAW AIR-49, CSE 2023 LAW

Yadav Suryabhan, IAS Ayush Krishna, IFS

MATHS GEOLOGY
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Upma Jain, IFS HINDI Gaurav Lodha, IFS

AIR-14, IFS 2022 CHEMISTRY
CSE 2021 LIT.

Shubham Yadav, ICAS CSAT/ Abhinandan Kumar

IIT Kanpur AIR-494, CSE 2021
SOCIOLOGY
ANTHRO.

Abhishek Vashishth, IPS Amir Khan, IRS

CSE 2020
PSIR
AIR-154, CSE 2022 PHILOSOPHY

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