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Combinational Circuits Mux Demux Encoder Decoder

Detailed notes for Combinational circuits

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Risper Audi
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18 views

Combinational Circuits Mux Demux Encoder Decoder

Detailed notes for Combinational circuits

Uploaded by

Risper Audi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Combinational Circuits

Combinational circuit is a circuit in which we combine the different gates in the


circuit, for example encoder, decoder, multiplexer and demultiplexer. Some of the
characteristics of combinational circuits are following −

 The output of combinational circuit at any instant of time, depends only on


the levels present at input terminals.

 The combinational circuit do not use any memory. The previous state of
input does not have any effect on the present state of the circuit.

 A combinational circuit can have an n number of inputs and m number of


outputs.

Multiplexers

Multiplexing is the generic term used to describe the operation of sending one
or more analogue or digital signals over a common transmission line at
different times or speeds and as such, the device we use to do just that is called
a Multiplexer.

The multiplexer, shortened to “MUX” or “MPX”, is a combinational logic circuit


designed to switch one of several input lines through to a single common output
line by the application of a control signal. Multiplexers operate like very fast acting
multiple position rotary switches connecting or controlling multiple input lines
called “channels” one at a time to the output.

Multiplexers, or MUX’s, can be either digital circuits made from high speed logic
gates used to switch digital or binary data or they can be analogue types using
transistors, MOSFET’s or relays to switch one of the voltage or current inputs
through to a single output.

The most basic type of multiplexer device is that of a one-way rotary switch as
shown.
Basic Multiplexing Switch

Block diagram

Multiplexers come in multiple variations

 2 : 1 multiplexer
 4 : 1 multiplexer
 16 : 1 multiplexer
 32 : 1 multiplexer
Block Diagram

Truth Table

4 Channel Multiplexer using Logic Gates

The symbol used in logic diagrams to identify a multiplexer is as follows:


Multiplexer Symbol

Multiplexers are not limited to just switching a number of different input lines or
channels to one common single output. There are also types that can switch their
inputs to multiple outputs and have arrangements or 4-to-2, 8-to-3 or even 16-to-4
etc configurations and an example of a simple Dual channel 4 input multiplexer (4-
to-2) is given below:

4-to-2 Channel Multiplexer

Here in this example the 4 input channels are switched to 2 individual output lines
but larger arrangements are also possible. This simple 4-to-2 configuration could
be used for example, to switch audio signals for stereo pre-amplifiers or mixers.

Demultiplexers

The demultiplexer is a combinational logic circuit designed to switch one common


input line to one of several seperate output line.
A demultiplexer performs the reverse operation of a multiplexer i.e. it receives
one input and distributes it over several outputs. It has only one input, n outputs,
m select input. At a time only one output line is selected by the select lines and the
input is transmitted to the selected output line. A de-multiplexer is equivalent to a
single pole multiple way switch as shown in fig.

Demultiplexers comes in multiple variations.

 1 : 2 demultiplexer
 1 : 4 demultiplexer
 1 : 16 demultiplexer
 1 : 32 demultiplexer

The data distributor, known more commonly as a Demultiplexer or “Demux” for


short, is the exact opposite of the Multiplexer we saw in the previous tutorial.

The demultiplexer takes one single input data line and then switches it to any one
of a number of individual output lines one at a time. The demultiplexer converts a
serial data signal at the input to a parallel data at its output lines as shown below.
1-to-4 Channel De-multiplexer

Output Select Data


Output
a b
Selected
0 0 A
0 1 B
1 0 C
1 1 D

The Boolean expression for this 1-to-4 Demultiplexer above with outputs A to D
and data select lines a, b is given as:

F = abA + abB + abC + abD

The function of the Demultiplexer is to switch one common data input line to any
one of the 4 output data lines A to D in our example above. As with the
multiplexer the individual solid state switches are selected by the binary input
address code on the output select pins “a” and “b” as shown.

Decoder
A decoder is a combinational circuit. It has n input and to a maximum m = 2n
outputs. Decoder is identical to a demultiplexer without any data input. It
performs operations which are exactly opposite to those of an encoder.
Block diagram

Examples of Decoders are following.

 Code converters
 BCD to seven segment decoders
 Nixie tube decoders
 Relay actuator
2 to 4 Line Decoder
The block diagram of 2 to 4 line decoder is shown in the fig. A and B are the two
inputs where D through D are the four outputs. Truth table explains the operations
of a decoder. It shows that each output is 1 for only a specific combination of
inputs.

Block diagram

Truth Table
Logic Circuit

Encoder
Encoder is a combinational circuit which is designed to perform the inverse
operation of the decoder. An encoder has n number of input lines and m number
of output lines. An encoder produces an m bit binary code corresponding to the
digital input number. The encoder accepts an n input digital word and converts it
into an m bit another digital word.

Block diagram
Examples of Encoders are following.

 Priority encoders
 Decimal to BCD encoder
 Octal to binary encoder
 Hexadecimal to binary encoder

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