V.P. & ll.P.T.P. Sc icHcc Coll ege,V.V.

Nag ,Jr
I11tt:rnal TPst : 2018- 19
Subjt't't : Mathematics USO!iCMTJIOJ Max. MarkH : !j(J
n.cal Ann.lyHiH-1
Dnte· 29/ 09 / 2018 Tirn iug: 10.00 tun - J2.()(J i,rn

Q : 1. Answer the following by choosing com .-ct o.nHwcrs from given cl1oice11. 8
[l ) The smallest member of a set S, if exists, is
[A] the supremum of S [BJ the infimum of S [CJ 11ot u11ique (DJ none
1 1 1 1
2, 12, - 13, 13, ...
[2] The infimum of the set - 1, 1, - 1

[AJ -1 [BJ O [CJ - 1~

[3] The interior of the set of integers is

[A] N [BJ Q [CJ R [DJ <P

[4] If S 1 and S 2 arc closed sets then S 1 U S2 is

[A] close<l [DJ open [CJ Open as well as close<l [DJ none

[5) If Jimf(x) exists but J (a) does not exist then f posseses a discontinuity of
r~a
[A] removable type [B] first type [C] second type [DJ first type from left
[6] lim [.r.] - x =
r~2-
[A] 0 [DJ -1 [C] -2 [DJ -3
[7] If f is uniformly continuous on an interval then on that interval it is
[A] coutinuous [BJ discontinuous [CJ differentiable [D] not differentiable

[8) If f' (l ) = 5 then at x = 1 function f is

[AJ increasing [BJ decreasing [CJ discontinuous [DJ not derivable

Q: 2. Answer Any FIVE of the following , 10

[l ] Find the Greatest aud the smallest members of { ~ , ~ , ~ . ... } if they exist.

[2] Find the l.u.b anci smallest member of {n1 /n EN} if they exist .

[3] Determiue whether the interior of the i,et [2, 8] U (9, 10} n N is open or not.
[4] Give an example of a set which is neither open nor closed.

[5] If [x] dcnotei, the largeijt integer k't,t, than or equal to x , then discus; the
continuity at x = 3 for the function /(:,;) = x - [x]. Vx ~ O ,

IPage 1 of 2 I
 .:-=:::-:~
".
c 1e 17r,,, ·'.':- .,

'(
'\ ·;
llf
. I '
.
n?'J : 1
.... -.. ••" •
o·, ,,_ ).. • .• .• .. • l ~ .,
-
Ji):
) 'i, '
(61 Evn.\unll\ \h n ✓if+x -2 \ ? \..
.
x- + 0 ._..·.':· "'.;:•-..- ~ .,:-
l71 Pr ov e t\ m t th e fu nc
X
', • v. V . :·, .
2
ti on :r. is dcrivt ' ·.._ _· -~ .:.•; ..: !I
\hlc on lO , l) .
l81 lf f is <lcrivab1\\c at t he n th e fu nc ti 1 .
c l\\\d f( c) =f on - is al so d
O er iv ab le
1
f
\.hereat, an d 1 \ f' (c)
( 7 } = {f (c)}2
Q: 3 lA1 S ta te th e LeRst
U pp er B ou nd
ra ti on al nu m be pr op er ty 0 [ R an d pr ov e th at
rs is no t or de r th e fi el d of
(B1 co m pl et e.
S ta te a.nd pr ov
e t~ie ad di ti on 5
formulae for ex
po ne nt ia l fu nc
ti on . 3
Q: 3 lA1 Define ge ne ra li
O R
ze d power fu nc
ti on an d in us
ua l no ta ti on s pr
( i) a:i:+11 = a"' a 11
ov e th at :
. (i i) a n = a. a ... ..a
(i ii ) a -" = -l .-1 1
~
nt im ea ~a
.- .... .-a1
~
-
lB1 Pr ov e th at v'IT n tim ea
is no t a ra ti on al 5
Q: 4 lA1 Pr ov e th at in te nu m be r.
ri or of a se t S 3
(B1 is th e la rg es t op
If S an d T ar e en su bs et of S
se ts of re al nu m .
(i) S c T ⇒
S' c T ' (ii) (S U
be rs th en prove
th e following 5
T )' = S' U T '
Q: 4 (A1 Pr ov e OR 3
th at a se t is clos
ed iff it s co m pl
[B1 Pr ov e th at deri ve d se t of a bo
em en t is op en .
Q : 5 [A1 L et f un de d se t is bo
un de d. 5
an d g be tw o fu
lim f( x) = la n nc ti on s defined on som 3
z➔G d li m g(x) = m e neighl>ourhoot
z ➔G . Pr ov e th at li m l of a su ch th at
[B1 If a fu nc ti on is co lf (x )g (x )1 = lm
z ➔a
nt in uo us on a cl 5
at le as t on ce in osed in te rv al la,
la, b}. b1, th en it at ta in s it
s bo un ds
Q: 5 lA1 If a fu nc ti on f
OR 3
is co1~tinuous at
pr ov e th at , th er an in te ri or po in
t c of la, &1 au<l
every x E (c - e exu,ts c5 > 0 su ch th at f( x) f( c) # o, th eu
c5, c + c5) . ha s th e sa m e si
gn as f (c) for
lB}E va lu at e li m - ei
--
I

x-+ O es1 + 1 5
Q : 6 [A} If f' (c
x = c. ) > 0, th en prove th at f is a 3
m on ot on ic iu cr
ea si . f
[B1 Pr ov e th at th e fu ng un c f io u at .
nc ti on ~ is no t po m t
uniformly co nt in
uo us
011 (O, ll.
5
Q : 6 lA1 Pr ov e
th at a fu nc ti on
O R 3
at th at po in t. which is deriva
ls th e converse ble at a po · t
tr ue ? Ju st if y. 1n · .
is ne ce ss ar .
lB1 Pr ov e th at , + x X 1lY ·
co nt m
1 < lo g( l + x) < x uo us
for all x > 0.
5
3
\P ag e 2 of 2]
 V.P. & R.P. T.P. Scien ce Colle ge,V .V.N agar
Intern al Test: 2018-19
Subjec t : Mathe matics US05CMTH02 Max. Marks : 50
Real Analysis-II
Date: 01 / 10/ 2018 Timing : 10.00 am - 12.00 pm

8
Q: 1. Answer the following by choosing correct answers from given choices .

[1] The sequence {Sn}~=l , where Sn= {-l)n (1 + ¾)

[CJ oscillates infinitely [D] is diverge nt ,,✓,(v--~~'
[AJ is convergent [BJ oscillates finitely
/
I ~-
'I , • /
-~. ;..,,,-\(';
I '·
, \
i i1 f ..., -•
Ir~ :"! ..... ,. '

[2) Every convergent sequence is [DJ none \ 1 ~:. \ , • ·' ., • , / _:

1

[A] oscillating [BJ bounde d [CJ unboun ded

00
>- .._ .... -<::::-
\ .• I, I: ,•'

L ;P is convergent if and only if : _____,..,.-"

[3] A positive term series
_

n=l
[AJ p < 1 [BJ p > 1 [CJ p ~ 1 [DJ p ~ 1

n+1
00

[4] The series I:--

n=l n
[A] converges to 1 [B] converges to 2 [C] converge:-; to 3 [D] none

x sin(x 2 + y 2 )
[5] lim
(x,y)-+(0,0 ) x2 + y2 =
[A] 0 [B]l [C] 2 [D] 3
4x3y2
[6] lim lim
:i:-+l 11-+-l X 2 + y2 =
[AJ 1 [BJ 2 [C] 3 [D] none

[7] The necessary conditio n for a function / to have an extrem e value at (2 , 4) is

[AJ J:i:(2, 4) = o, /y{2, 4) I o [BJ fx(2, 4) I o, Jy{2, 4) = o
[CJ l1:(2, 4) Io, /11 (2, 4) # o [DJ !x(2, 4) = o, /,,i2, 4) =o

[8] For a function /, if fx(a, b) < J:,(a , b) then at (a, b), f has
[AJ no extrem e value [BJ a minimu m [CJ a maximu m [D] an extrem e value

Q: 2. Answer any FIVE of the following. 10

[1] Define : (i) Bounde d Sequen ce (ii) Convergence of a sequen ce

[2] Show that lim

n--+oo
+3t = 2
3
n

00 00
00

[3] If L Un = u and L Vn = v then prove that L (Un - Vn) = u - v

n=l n=l n=l

oo n-1
[4] Test L (1 + ¼) for convergence.
n=l

IPage 1 of 2 I
 ,~-ucu.:)l}
1

/ 1

[5] Evalua te :
lim
(~:,1 1)-t( J, l )
1
tnn - (xy- 3)
tun - 1(2:rv - 0) ~ ,,. ,
, ' ,,
'-,:~. f:-•·
- ,
I;-.-••~,.\ )
·,: .. ~ ·... ....:./
:· /
//

e<~: - 11) - l
( · · --
) ? Wl ?
[6] Eva lua te : lim
(r ,11)- t ( l , l ) X - Y ue at 1, 1 . iy .
. y) - x2 + [,x y + y2 have au ex tre me val
. ·
/( , , -
[71 C E\11 E\ fIIII Ct,10 11 .I,

[8] Sta te Maclaurin 's theorem

5
for seq uen ce
Bolzauo-Weien;tnn;s the ore m
Q: 3 [A] Sta te and prove the - l + !2 + !:J + •.. + ln can no t
con ver ge.
} where Sn - 3
[BJ Show tha t the sequence {Sn
OR
, 0n+d is
ce of closed inte rva ls [an, bn] is such tha t each me mu er [an+l
Q: 3 [AJ If a seq uen
Lim, (bn -a n) = 0 the n pro
ve tha t
prec<:,-eding one [an, bn] and 5
contained in the n--+ oo
ce.
onl y one poi nt com mo n to all the int erv als of the seq uen
there is one and
tha t a ~ 0
such tha t an ~ 0 the n sho w
lim an = a for a sequence {an}
[BJ If 3
n--+ oo
5
comparision tes t of first typ e.
Q: 4 [AJ Sta te and prove the l sum s
ter m ser ies con ver ges iff the seq uen ce of its par tia
[BJ Show tha t a pos itiv e 3
is bounded above.
OR
ce of a ser ies . 5
te and pro ve Ca uch y's general principle for con ver gen
Q: 4 [AJ Sta 3
(log \)P + ... div erg es
for p > O
w tha t the ser ies (lo; 2)P + (log \)P + ••• +
[BJ Sho
of limit prove tha t : (x , 11)lim (x 2 + 2y) = 5 5
usi ng the def init ion
Q: 5 [AJ By ➔ (1 , 2)

x2 -y 2 3
[BJ Show tha t lim xy--- =O
(x,11) ➔ (0,0) x2 + y2
OR
are cha n ed
Q: 5. , is a fun ctio n of ind epe nde nt variables x , y and if x , y
If z = !(x y)
sub stit uti on x = </>( u v) . =
1/J( g ) '
nde nt var iab les u , v by the u,v '
to new md epe y iii t '. f' y
the n exp ress the der ivatives of z wit h res pec t to x
, ' erm s o -c, v an d the
• - f wit h res pec t to u, v. 8
d envat1ves o z
m 5
Q: 6 [A] Sta te and prove Tay lor 's the ore
· 0) .
[BJ show tha t 2x - 3x y + y has nei th er a ma xun um no r a mi nim um at (0,
4 2 2

3
OR
. ,
of sin x sin y abo ut (0 0) u t
o com p;r e tl~ ~ and mc~udiug
Q: 6 [AJ Fin d the exp ans ion au d the ter ms
of fou rth degree in (x, y). Als esu lt wi th tha t yo u get by
and sin y.
mu ltip lyi ng the series for sin x 5
top is t
[BJ A rec tan gul ar box ope n at thetot al . £o 1iave a. vol ~m e of 32m3. Fin d the
dimensions of box so tha t the
sur ace are a is uu nim um . 3

l Page 2 of 2/
 V.P. & R.P.T.P. Science College,V.V.Nagar
Internal Test: 2018-19
Subject : Mathematics US05CMTH03 Max. Marks : 50
Metric Spaces
Date: 03/ 10/ 20 17 Timi ng: 10.00 am - 12.00 am

Q : 1. Answer the following by choosing correct answers from given choices. 8

[l ) Every Cauchy sequence is

[A] convergent [B] is not always convergent [C] divergent [DJ none
~ , : ,,.,
[2] Every function denned on R.i is continuous at f<:-;,-----'\ C:
[A] all real numbers [BJ 0 and 1 only . :-( ~ . __ ·.. , \
[C] rational numbers only [D] irrational numbers only 1,,_, :__ ~-:.~ _·_--_-;' · •
1
\:~· \ / I
[3] In the metric space M = [0, lJ with usual metric , B[¼ , 1] = ~~
[AJ [0, lJ [BJ [¼ , lJ [C] [0 , ¼I [DJ (0, 1) .

[4] In a metric space (M, p), its subsets M and ¢ are

[A] open but not closed [B] closed but not open
[C] open as well as closed [D] neither open nor closed

[5] The subset ___ of R 1 is not complete

[A] [1, 2] [B] (0, 1) [C] [0,2] [D] R
[6] Every singletone subset of ____ is open
[A] /1.i [B] R1 [C] R2 [D] [0, 1] , (with usual metric)

[7) The range of a continuous function f defined on [l, 2] is

[A) unbounded [B] compact [C] disconnected [D] none

[8) Every finite subset of a metric space is

[A] unbounded [B] compact [C] dense [D] none

Q: 2. Answer any FIVE of the following. 10

[l] For P(xi, yi) and Q(x2, Y2) in IR2 , define u : IR 2 x IR 2 ~ lR by

, show that u is a metric on IR 2

[2] Let d : 1R x 1R ~ lR be defined by d(x , y) = sin Ix - YI - Check whether dis a .

metric or not.

[3) For the discrete metric lR.J, find (1) B[a; 2] (2) B[a; 1/2]
[4) Prove that in any metric space (M,p}: both Mand¢ are open sets.

IPage 1 of 2]
 l

[5} Show that e\'ery suuset or Rd is l,oumle<l

{6} Define : (i) Totally bounde d set (i) £-dense set
[i l Show th at a finit e sub::i(:t of ~ ii:; compact.
[8) Show th at / : R -+ Gt defi ned by f (x) =xis uniform ly conti nuous.
Q: 3 {A] prove that a real \'alued fu nction f is conti nuous at o E R iff whenever {xn}~1
is a sequence of real numbe rs con\'erging to a t hen the sequen ce
{/(xn)}~=l
con\'erges to /(a). 5
[B) Show that a sequen ce in a ml!tric spacl! cannot convl!rgcnc to two dist
inct
limits. 3
OR
Q: 3 [A) In usual not ations prove that lim [J(x).g(x)] = lim /(x) . lim g(x)
%--+Cl %-+Cl %-+Cl
5
{B] Prove that a real valued function f is continuous at a E R 1 if and
only if
the inverse image under f of any open ball B[/(a) , E] about /(a) contain
s an
open ball B[a, a] about a
3
Q: 4 [A] Prove that if (M, p) is a metric space then any open sphere
in M is an open
set.
5
[B] Let F be any nonempty family of open subsets of a metric space M . Then
U G is also an open subset of M. 3
GEF

OR
Q: 4 [A] Prove that Every open subset G of lR can be written G = LJ In , where
I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , . . . are a finite number or a countable nwnber of open intervals which
are mutually disjoint.
5
[B] Prove that [O, 1] and [a, b] are homeomorphic.
3
Q: 5 [A] If the subset A of the metric space (M, p) is totally bounded,
then prove that
A is bounded.
5
[B] Prove that subset A of lR is totally bounded iff A is bounded.
3
OR
Q: 5. Let (M , p) be a metric space. Then prove that a subset A of M
is totally
bounded iff every sequence of points of A contains a Cauchy subsequ
ence. 8
Q: 6 [A] If A is a closed subset of the compact metric space (M, p)
, then prove that
the metric space (A , p) is also compact.
5
(B] Prove that if / is a continuous function from a compact metric space M
1 into
a metric space M 2 then the range /(Mi) of/ is also compac t.
3
OR
Q: 6 [A] Let f be a one-one, continuous function on a compact metric
space (M1 , Pi)
onto (M2 , P2) - Then prove that 1- 1 is continuous and hence f is
a homeo- .
morphism of M1 onto M2 .
5
[B] If a real valued functio n/ is continuous on a compact metric space M, then
prove that f attains the maximum and the minimum values at some points
of M .
3

IPage 2 of 2 I
 No of primed page : 2
V.P.& R.P.T.P.Science College.Vallabh Vidyanagar.
B.Sc. ( Semester - V ) Internal Test
US05CMTH04 ( Abstract Algebra - 1 )
Date. 5/10/2018 ; Friday 10.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon Maximum Marks: 50
········· ·············· ······· ··· ······ ··············································· ······ ···· ········ ···· ··· ··· ··· ············································ ·······
ue. l Fill in the blanks. 8

(1) In group (z1 • , ·) , 5- 1 = .. ............. .

(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
(2) Let G be a group ,an element a E G is called idempotent if a2 = .................. .
(a) 0 (b) a (c) e (d) 1

(3) ..................... is generator of group Zs• .

(a) 3 (b) I (c) 4 (d) 5

(4 ) Cyclic group of order 13 has only ...... ............. generator .

(a) 13 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 2

(5) Define f : R* -t R* by f(x ) = x 2 then Ker J = ..................... ..

(a) 0 (b) ±1 (c) 1 (d) {±1}

(6) ............. ... .. is quotient group of Z12 .

(a) Z2 (b) Zs (c) Z10 (d) Z9

(7) If f : A -t B is one-one homomorphism but not onto then A ~ ..................... ..

(a) J(AB) (b) f(B) (c) f(A) (d) B

(8) Ker E = .............. ........ .

(a) An (b) e (c) ±1 (d) Sn

ue.2 Answer the following (Any Five) 10

(1) Prove that fourth root of unity forms a group.

(2) Prove that the product of two subgroup of group is a subgroup if they commute with each other.
(3) Find all right cosets of -3Z in Z .
·( 4) Prove that an infinite cyclic group has exactly two generators.
(5) Prove that the mapping O: IR ➔ JR+ defined by 8(a) = 2a is onto isomorphism .
(6) Let G be a group and x E G be a fixed element . Then prove that the mapping ix : G -t G defined
by ix(a) = xax- 1 is an automorphism of G.
nl
(7) Prove that 0( An) = j .
(8) If a=
(123 4 5)
2 3 4 1 5
; r = (1 23 4 5)
1 3 4 5 2
then find t:(ra), c(ar) .

ue.3 (a) Is (G, ·) forms a Group? Is it Commutative? Verify it , where G is set of all 2 x 2 non singular
real matrices . 5

(b) Let H be a finite subset of group G such that ab E H whenever a, b E H. Then prove that H is a
subgroup of G. 3

OR
ue.3 (c) Let H and K be finite subgroups of group G such that HK is a subgroup of G.Then prove that
O(H K) = O(H)O(K) 5
O(Hn K).
(d) Prove that (G, *) is a group ,where G is a set of all subsets of JR and operation • defined as
A• B = (A - B) U (B - A) YA, BEG. 3
 'l~lil'
~

Que.4 (a) P;ove_ t~at any subgroup of a cyclic group is also cyclic group . Also prove that every sub~,.-·
0 an m mte cyclic group is infinite cyclic group. '

(b) Let G be · cyclic group of order n.Then prove that G has unique subgroup of ordeqt
.. a fi mte
every d 1v1sor d of n . i I

OR
Que.4 (c) Let G be a fimte cyclic group of order .n, then prove that G has </>(n) generators. 1
1
(d) ~rt H be a SU bgroup of _group G. Then prove that G is the union of e 1 ,ight cosets of H in C
2
so prove that two d1stmct right cosets of H in G are disjoint.

Que.5 (a) State and prove First and Third isomorphism theorem .
OR
Que.5 (b) Let C = (a) be a finite cyclic group of order n .Then prove that the mapping
0 : C--+ C defined by 0(a) = am is an automorphism of Giff m is relatively prime ton .

(c) Prove that Zn ~ n th root of unity .

(a) If G is a direct product of subgroups H and K ,then prove that G is isomorphic to the external
Que.6 {
direct product of Hand K .
(b) Let G = H x K be external direct product of H and K ,then prove that G/ K' "" H , wherr1
K' = {(eH, k)/k EK} ·
OR . · - ·1
d f b oups Hand K iff (i) every x E G can be umquely expressed
(c) Prove that G is direct pr~ u(~"t)oh;u_ fh h EH k EK.
Que.6 as x = hk ' h E H ' k E u - , , a product of disjoint cycles .
as
ed
t t ·on can b e express
(d) Prove that every permu a 1
••••••••••••
 (5£/ f1'11,]
h
SEAT No _ _

SA nnA ll PATEL UN IVEJlS fTY

No. of Printed Pages :
. . . .. . . .
I
.
--
3

B.~r. SEJ\l- V EXA MIN.t\TION

'2'i 1' October 2018 , Mond ay
10.00 Q, m to 1 :00 p.rn
Snh.: f\lnthl'111nt.ics (US05CMTII01 )
(l1cal 1\ nnly~is-J)
Maximum Marks: 70

Q.1 Ch(lt~l' the correct optio11 in the following questions, rncntjon (10]
tlw c(,rrt'l't opt ion in the am;wcrbook.
(1) Tn \t). rr/ ~): the funct.io11 C(:i:) is
(::\) ~t.rktly decreasing (b) strictly incrcasiug (c) stationary (cl) none
l~l The ~uprcmum of the ~ct {1 + (- l t :·n EN} is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) not exists
(~:"i ) The set {1, -1 ,½, -½ , ½)-½ ,····} is ...
ta) open and closed set (b) open set (c) closed set (d) neither
open nor closed
l4) The field which does not have the least upper bound property is ...
(a) N (b) Z (c) Q (d) IR
(5) The derived set of a set is ....
(a) open and closed set (b) not open set (c) closed set (d) open
but not closed
(6) EYcry uniformly continuous function is .....
(a) continuous (b) not continuous (c) unbounded (d) none
(i ) A function f is said to have a dicontinuity of the first kind from right at x = c
if...
(a) lim J(x) :/ J(c) (b) lim f(x) and lim f(x) exists but not equal
X--tC x➔ c x-tc+
(c) lim / (x) :/ J(c) (<l) None
J;-,CT

(8) The Set U(t, 1 - ¼) is

(a)(O)l) (b){O,l} (c)[0,1] (d) [O, 1)
(9) The continuous function on closed interval is .....
(a) not bounded (b) open set (c) bounded (d) none
(10) If /'(c) < 0: then function f is ....... at c.
(a) not derivable (b) increasing (c) descrcasing (d) none of these.

Q.2 Attempt any ten in short: [20]

(1) Is every continuous function derivable? .Justify your ans,ver.
(2) Find the supremum and the infimum of a set {1 + (-1 n E N}. T:
(3) Prove that suprcmum of a set S of numbers, if it exists, is unique. [PTO]

(4) Let m = inf (S) 1 where S is a bom1<led set. Show that rn E closure of S .
l
 (t,) Pm w tli nt. T,(oh) =- f,(o.) + /,(/,).
fJr>int , . ',. ,
( ') 1' r<wc t.li nt. t li c :;11pr.r :_;cf; of u 11 dg /1/J rmr/1 on d(11l ,d). rl a / , {, Jr, ri/,~( ,
, () J 'l I
f
() ,( ,
,r

b!C'
dc rivnblc • nt. po iJJt c Llw11 , 1-iliow tlrnt fonc:t irm 1/·/ <1<:rivh ' lit l1'1i11,
(7) 1f f j ~
wh ere f (c) f- 0.
a t lirn(J - g) (:1:) = l - 1,,,.
(S) 1n usual 110tatio11.s, prove th X- M
(9) Pro ve tha t limit of n fun
ction is uniq11 c, if exi sts. Q.e
y your answer,
(IO ) Is (s nr )' = S' nT '? .Justif
(n times).
(11 ) Prove tha t a = a.. u.. o.. ,,. ,.o.
11

no n-e mp ty set, ' ~, ,v}1 cn ncJ ta rnr•roi

(12 ) Show tha t the sup rem um of a bo un ded '·
_ , ·
'
of S : is a lim it po int of S.
Q.6
complcie.
3(a ) Pro ve tha t the set of rat ion al nu mb ers is not order
Q.

po sit ive real nu mb er and b any real nu mb er then there

(b) If a be a
h tha t na > b.
exi sts a po sit ive int ege r n suc
OR
tha t E(:r:) = ex for all x E R.
Q.3( c) In usual no tat ion s, prove

(d) Sh ow tha t the re ts no rational nu mb er whose sqtiare is 5.

.
-\Veierstrass theorem for a set
Q.4 (a) Sta te an d Pro ve Bolzano
a union of open i11tervals.
(b) Sh ow tha t every op en set is
OR
positive nu mb er 7i' such tha t C(rr/2) =0
Q.4(c) Pro ve tha t the re exists a
an d C( x) > 0 for O 5 :r: < r./2
.
its com ple me nt is open.
(d) Sh ow tha t a set is closed jff

Q ..5(a
·
) In usu al no tat ion s, prove
tha t ;1:Jim
-M
(!.)!)
(:1:) = .!...
1{/,
, provided m =I 0.

on (a, u} and f(a ) -I f(h) , then

(b) If a function f fr; con tin uo us
between f(a ) and J(u) .
Prove tha t it ass um e every value
on
b}
tlw t a fu nc tio n/: {fl, b} ~ R is contin11ous at po int c of {a,
Q.5(c) Sh ow
iff Jim er, = c =} 11Hm f(c,i) = f(c ) .
- >CX.
,i-;o c,
 id) Examine the function for continuity at :c = 0, l and 2. Also discuss the [5]
1
kind of discontinuity where f(x ) defined on R bv
•

2
-X· ; 1"f X < O -
5x - 4, if O< x < l
f (:c) = 4:t2 - 3.r, if 1 < X < 2 .
3x + 4, if X > 2
Q.6(a) Show that a function which is continuous on a closed interval is [5)
uniformly continuous on that interval.

(b) Show that log(l + x) lies between 1:x and x for all x > 0. [5]

OR
Q.6(c) State and prove Darboux's theorem for derivable function. [5)

2
(d) Define uniform continuity. Prove that the function x is uniformly continuous
on [-1, 1]. [5]

--x --
 : No. of Printed Pages : ..3
Sardar Pat el University, ; : · . . · . ·
B.Sc. Examinations· 2018-lg · 'I; ·
Subject: Mathematics US05CMTH0. 2 - Max.EN\Marks : 70
R.eal Analys1s- II
Date: 24/10/2018t \N e.J l)~S AtiJf Timing: 10.00 am - 01.00 pm

Q: 1. Answer the following by choosing correct answe

rs fro m given
. chmces.
. lO
· sueh that lim
[1] If a sequence { Sn } IS . 5 n+1 = l then lim
n-+oo - Sn = 00 l·r
[B)l ~ 1
8 00
[A]l < 1 n [C]l > ; - [Dll ~ 1
[2] The sequene {2n}
[A] is convergent [B] diverges to oo [C) diverges to -oo
[D1oscillates finitely
[3) A sequence {Sn} ; where

S _ { 2 ; if n = 1 or even
n - p ; where p is t.hc hlTl.lUI~ prime fact.or of n.

is
[A] convergent [Il] divergent IC1 o,;c·ill at~ finitrly 1DJ Ot1CillatN1 infinit.rly
00
[4] A positive term ,;cries 'E ;?, is omw1 gN1t if ""'I only i£
n rd
[A] p < 1 [BJ p > 1 lq p , 1 IDI p ~ l

[5] The positive term scricti 1 + r + r 2 + r3 + .... + r"

+ ... oonwrg,~ for
[A] r > 1 [BJ r ~ 1 ICJ r < 1 [D! r ~1
oc
[6J If lim Un = 1, for a positive t.erm series E Un then
n-+oo the ~ries
[A] converges to O [D] converges to 1 [CJ 11,=I
converges w 2 [DJ caimot converge

[7] For /(x,y) =:x3 -3xe " t.he vn.lue cf /:r(l,O) lJ

~o ~1 ~2
[DI 3

iS]
· ( 2 + 2)
lim x sm x Y =
c~.11)-+(o,o) x
2
+ y2 [C) 2 [0]3
[A] 0 [B]l
[91 For a function J, if f:,(a, b) < f.,,(a,b) then at (a,b), f has
[A) no extreme value [B] a minimum [C] a maximum [D] a stationery
point
[10] For a. sufficiently many times differentiable funct
ion f(x, y) its Taylor's ex-
pansion a.bout (-1, 2) is a series in powers of
[A1 x + 1 and y - 2 [B] x - 1 and y + 2
[C] x - 1 and y- 2 [D] x + 1 and y +2

· 1 of ,'·,
- - J Cf-T O)
 21)
' . Tl•:N (>i. t.hn follnwl11~ . .
Q: 2. J\nHWt:J . ' 111 l,01111dod .
"l'lJIIOIH .C
. CollVl'J'~OII I' n

11] Prnve 1.1t11t. ow1y . . . . ,, I ,I 01-11:llln.l,ln.1< Moq11011c:o

1XJ (ii),, Ill l.t , .Y
' v«·i·111i11I. l,o -
') s lll'lll 'll ( ll ' "
I~] lkfirn• : (' ' ,•q .
1+"+
!I
l
·I· ·I· cnr111<1I, <:<>11vorv,t,,
'"
L' } wltorti ,1
Ll
11 :,e ~ • II
II '(' ( ,1,.
~Jinw t.h11t. t.111' H<''l 1111 ·
1
[:l]

..,.., ~ -· 1.lw11 provo l.lmt

1)(1
\ "(
t...., 11,,1 -
1J
,,
)
:. ·u - V

I•] lf \ '
.. L.,J
Un -: IL 1llld L
w l
1111 ·- V ,1,. I
n• 1

, t!. ~ for CllllVOl'~OllC:ll,

15] 11--.~t 2-.J n
n~-1 .
.. ·. Is convorgont.
16] Show t.)11\t
.
t.hc i,1irw:-i l + :.!I + :il +
1 1

. IA' cJ',HC'Ont;i111101JH at (2, 3)

[7] Shnw t.ho.t. t.he following fu11ct.wn .

2x +3y3 ; when (x, 11) ~ (2, 3)

.
f(x, y) = { o

1
iim - X - 3_
'
•· when (:1:, 11) = (2, 3)
q,r:=
0/J
o.:.
.q_:t·
?, S~i;./ -,

'2-\
LIBRARY :.,, )
('(') ~ \
11

[8] Evaluate : hm ) tM - 2:z: 11 - o)

(:z: 111)-+(3,1 7 \ ,

4(:z:- 11 ) - 1
-~~
~~
~
[9] Evaluate : (x,11)-+(l,I
Jim ) x - y

[10] Can a function f(x,y) = x2 +5xy+y2 have an extreme value at (1, 1)? Why?

[11] State the necessary conditions for a function z = J(x, y) to attain extreme
values at a point (a, b)

[12] Show that (y - x) 4 + (x - 2) 4 has a minimum at (2, 2).

Q: 3 [A] State and prove the Bolzano-Wcierstarss theorem for sequence 5

[BJ State and prove the Cauchy's criteria for t.he convergence of a sequence 5
OR
Q: 3 IA] Jfthei;equenccs {a,,} and {bn} are such that
{i) a..i ~ b,.; V n and
(ii) liin a..i = a and lim bn == b
n-.oo n-+oo
then prove that a , b.
5
[BJ Jf {a..i} Md {bn} are two scquenc1>.s such that lim a - d t· b - b
n - a an im n - ,
them prove that lim a,, = ~ wher b ..J. O n-►oo n - ttXJ
n-.oa bn b, e -; 5
Q: 4 [AJ State and prove the comparision t""t of d
""' secon type. 5
 [BJ Show that a positive term series converges iff the sequence of its partial sums
is bounded above. 5

OR
Q: 4 {AJ State and prove D' Alembert's ratio test. 5

[BJ Test for convergence the series whose n th term is (n3 + 1)½ _ n. 5

Q: 5. If z = J(x , y) is a function of independent variables x, y and if x, y are changed

to new independent variables u, v by the substitution x = ¢(u, v); y = 'f/;(u, v),
then express the derivatives of z with respect to x , yin terms of u, 11 and the
derivatives of z with respect to u, v. 10
OR
Q: 5 {AJ For the following function show that the repeated limits exist but the double
limit does not when (x, y) ➔ (0, 0)
- x2v2 5
f ( X, Y) - ?+i,4 - x:1112

[BJ Define Limit of a function and by using the definition of limit prove that :
lim 3xy = 6 5
(x,11)-+(l,2)

Q: 6 fAJ State_and prove Taylor's theorem 5

3
[BJ A rectangular ·box open at the top is to have a volume of 32m • Find the
dimensions of box so that the total surface area is minimum. 5

OR
R: 6 [A] Find the expansion of sin x sin y about (0, 0) upto and including and the terms
·of fourth degree in (x, y). Also compare the result with that you get by
multiplying the series for sin x and sin y. 5

[BJ Define Extreme Value and find the maxima and minima of the function
x3 + -y3 - 3x - 12y + 20 5.

\I
1:
I
 -il'tAT No._ __ No. of Printed Pages ; '2-

SA II.DA ll. PATE L UNIV EIIS ITY

llSr .(SE~ f 1-:STJ-;n. V) l·:X/\~ IIN,\TIO N-20 I11
Octoh!'r 2/i, 20 18, Fricl11y
JO .()() (I.I ll . LO J.0() p .lll ,
USO/iC MTJIO:l( ~f/\T IID·I/\Tf CS)(?lf cLrit: Spuccs)
M;ixim11m M:,rk s: iO
r.~t.io11 s, 111cu1.ir111 1)11?m rrc<:t. opt.inn in t.hn 11nswr.rhnok . /10]
Q.1 Chon.,c t.lic mirr.<'t. opt iou in t.hr. fnll nll'illg rp1

(!) Tile i'Ct of 1111 cluster poi u1.s of N in IR., is ...

(.i) N (h) Z (c) IR (ti) ¢1

(2) The set of 11ll c:lnstc r point,s of A = {1 , ~ 1, ....,+,, ... } i11 1!( 1 i8... ~ ~ ::·:: ....
(c) Au {O} _ (d) {O}
(11) N (b) A
which or Lhc follmring is ./~.-~. _: . , e;;,.:,~\,
(3) Let _::1 111~ B he suh~e l$ of n m~·ic spncc Ai, then
(a)AC }!=> A C B (b)A cfl => _:!c_Q
Lmc'!
/l:/ ~:,\
.....,-:::::::::=::;::;;-,,.,- ·
(c) AC IJ => AC B (d) AC fl=> A = fl B[2; 2] = ...
(4) Consider M = [O, 3] ll'ilh discrete metric . Then
(a) (0, ,1) (b) IR (c) {2} (cl) [O, 4].
(5) If/:,'= /0, 5] U (4 , 7) C JR , Lhen E.. . ?
1

(,1) E (b) [O, 7] (c) [4, 7] (cl) [4, 5]

ed'!
(G) Which of the following ~uhset of ]Rd is tornlly bound 11 }
(c) {l, 2, .... , 5 (d) N
(a) /1, 5] (h) (2, 8)
. of A is not ru1 open subset of A?
(7) Let A = [O, 3] C lR . Which of the following subset
1

(a) [O, 2) (b) [O, 2] (c) (1, 2) (d) [O, 3]

I ?
(8) Which of the following subset of IR is complete
(b) {l , 2, .... , 99} (c) (0, 10] (d) [-5, l)
(a) Q
following is true?
(9) Let A be any subset of lR,1, I.hen which of the
(a) A is c011111:ct.cd (I,) A is cowp ad.
(c) A is houll(led (d) A is totally bounded.
1, let / : [O, 2] ~ JR 1 be a coutirmons fimction . Then which of tlie follow
ing is not.
(10) for [O, 2] C iR
tme'!
(a) R1 is connected (b) R1 is compact.
(i:) f is 11nifom1ly r.ont.inunus (ii) nonr. of tl1r.sr.
_ [20)
Q.2 Att.c111µt any Ten:
(l) Let p : R x R ~ JR be defined by p(x, y) = 1:c
- vi- Then show Ihat pis n metric ou R.
y sequence.
(2) Defiue : (i) Convergence of sequence (ii) Cauch
t.hnt. t,hcrc exist n posil.i\'e int.cgcr N such thnt
(:!) Jf {x,.} is II convergent sequence in lR,1, 1.Jwn show
XN = X,V+l = XN+2 = , , .. ·
(~) Prove thot e,·ery subs<JL of JR,, is closed .
(5) Is tlie iuiiou of ;u1 iufiuite number of closcu
i:ets is dosed'! .J11stili·!
M1 ont.o n mct.ric spnce /1/2 . If M1 is conner.tcd,
(G) Let/ hen c:onti1111011s fi111ction frorn a mct.rie spnce
then /1/2 is also conucct{'d.
Spncc.
(7) D<:finc : (i) Turally l10111ulccl set (ii) C0111plc1e rnel.ric
A is closed snhsct. of M, Then prove thnt (/\ ,p) is nlso
(~) If (M ,p) is II complete metric sp11r.e all(I
c:cJ1J1plc1.e.
lecl .
(!)) P101·c t.h;it a · T!\•i ~nh~ et A of JR is 101 nlly bo1111c
1

iutcrscdiou prnperty.
(Hi) TMinr : (i) Coinpnl'L metric i;p1u:e (ii) Fi11ilc
(J l ) SlH,w tk1t / : H ~ R ddilll.:U Lr/( :,:) = :i: is nuifunuly 1·ou1iu11uus.
is romp11ct.
(l'.1) !'rove tliiil, e\'er,v Jiuite 1mhscl uf 11ny metric Sjlli{'e

(fT 0
 q .:, [.6
(n) l .rt ( M, 1,) lw n 1111•11 ic ~pn, r. , H j 8,. } ~ '... is n r.om·1:rgc111. sciq111Hw.r. nf point s of M, I hem {8 ,, } ~
1 _ iR
1
t.'1111d1y. ]:,; r1111,..-1~1: t.nw'/ .l n~t ify!

ll,) 1.1'1 ~~I , ,,) 1"' 11 11wlrir i-pnr,• 11111 1 0 c M . 1...t J 11 1111 .'/ l11 • n ·11l wtl111 •d 1'111ll'l,i0111-1 wl111s1•
d111tuii11~ lit,.
i-11li,1·ti- 111 ~1. ll litll J( :r) - I, m11l li111 y(.1:) :.-:: N, t.111111 slimv tl111L liin [/(:,:)y(:r.)] :-..: IJN
.1. -•J :r-+o x-H,
. lJS
OH.
q .:\
,l(:1:,
Q
(l:) lkfiiw: ;\ktri r. :-p:wc. Let. (,\/ ,ii) be 11 1111•tric spnc:c 1111d lrt r/1 (x,11) = l + d (·.r:11), .y ) . ,J.lic:11 show t.hat
d 1 ii- l\ rnl'\.ric on !tf .

(,l) T"ld 111r: FqniYAknt metrics. 1f /I u nre metri cs for NI 1111d if there cxi&ts k > 1 suc-h l11;it
1111<1

¼u(:r . y) ~ p(x, y) ~ h'. o (x, y), V x, !/ E 1\/ t,lie11 prrJ\·c that p and u arc cquivaleut.

Q.4
(n) Let M be a metric spncc. Then M is connec.:te<l iff every continuous clum1cteristic
fun ction 0 11 M
is con!>t.ant.

(h) Let, (M , p) be n, rnet.ric space and let. A hen, proper ::;nhset, of M. Then t.he subset
GA or A is n11
ope11 sn bset. of (A , p) i ff tJiere exist an open subset CM of ( J\.I , p) snch thn t G ,1 = A n
C /ti.
OH.
Q.4
(c) Every open subset C of lR. 1 citn be written G = LJ In, where 11, 12, h, ... a.re a finite (
number or a
cmmt.able mm1ber of open intcrYals which are mutually disjoint.(i.e. I,,. n J,. =</>if m
f-. n)
(d) Let (M1 , P1) nnd (M2 , p2) be metric spaces and let f : M1 ➔ /11/2. Then/ is c:011tinnou
s on J\/ 1 if
and only if 1- 1(F) is closed subset of Afi whenever Fis a closed subset of J\h

Q.;i
(a) The sub5et A of the met,ric spr1cc (J\J, p) is totally bomnled iff for every
::;ubset. {x1 ,x2, . .. ,x,.} which is t-clm1se i11 A.

(b) State anrl prove Picnrd 's fixed point theorem. I ( 1

OR
Q.5
(c) Srnt.e and prove gc11ernlizcd nestl',rl i11t.ervnl theore111 . Q
(
(<l) L<:t (J\/ , p) be a rnetric space. The subsel A of 1\/ is tolally bonndc<l iff e ·sr!ijnfflEe"'o l (
mts of
A co11tn,ins a Ca11d1y s11bscq11cnce.
(
Q.G
(n) Ld (M 1p 1) lH '. n , ·rnupat ·T 1111'1 .ric i;p11c1'.. If
J is 1·out.iu11011s hnu:tfou fr 0111 }\.,/ illto
II uwt.ri,: :-p11r1· r
(J\h,p 1 ), th en/ is 11nifonnly co11li1111ous on }\/ 1 • 1

(h) Tl1c u1et1ic ,;p,11·e M is 1·11wp,1d ii!' wl1t:lll:\'\.'r F is a fm11ily of dosl'll snli:-ch of /I/
' i11t,crscction pruperl~'. tl11'11 n
f /: (p.
1-'f:.F
with tlii: [iui i.l'

I
on I
Q.(i
I
(c) If Al is a coi upac:t llll'tric sp11ce, thcu prove tlint J\/ lmc. the II · D
. . . . ··
(d) If t.lie 11.'al value,! luutLJOll . f is . coulu11w11s ou t lw ('OlllJlllC'
1:mc,'- ore1 properl.Y. (]
t •
c 111 e nc i-pace 1,'/ • t 1ien . Lt i 1s ll (]
/ "csinnnn v.lHc at'""" poout ul M . Also,
•
I n\lai,~ • minimum value at '°''"'Poiu t uf M 1 a ,,1 1
(]

~n
I
/I - .
 ~ JA,l/.JJ S.A HD:\ 11. PA TEL UN I VEH.SJ TY 'lo. of Printed Pages: .2_
C I' 13.Sc.SEM-V E:XAi\lJNJ\TJON
2V''' October 2t11 8 . j\,fondm·
1ll.00 a.m. to 01 .!Hl p.rn . .,
U~lf>C~!T!ltH (.'\ hst. rnrt. i\ lgr.hrn-1) .M a:, imum Mnrks: 70

Q. 1 Chor~c the correct option in the foll owing qucsLions: mention the [10]
ro1-rt'ct optio11 i11 the answcrl)Ook.
(1 ) Ercr.v infinite cyclic group has exact.ly ... ..... ... .... generators . ~.?. Scie~
(n) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 ~~ . C'(O
0
· 1) C t1·e of,,, ·
1s ~ LIBRARY
0
:? \11
l:.. , .en · tLJ . .. ... . ... .. ...

(n) X (b) 2 (c) IV (d) 1 ~fl

4 1
(:-~) Tn T(lcin 11-group G = {e, u.: h: c} : /i2 = . . . ·

(a) c (b) b (c) c (d) a.

(~) A permutation (i is said to be odd pcrnmtation if sig11aturc of a is ................. ..
(n) 2 (b) -1 (c)l (d) -2
(!'> ) - - - - - is gcncrat.or of group Z5*
(a) :1 (b) I (c) 4 (d) 5
(6) External direct smn of Z2 is ..... .. ......... ..... .
(a) l(]ein 4- group (h) Q (c) 7, (<l) Z2
(7) Mult.iplicntive inverse of fl in Z/ is ..... .... .
(a) 3 (b) o (c) 2 (cl ) 1
(8) Every noucyclic group of order 4 i~ i~o111orphic t.o -· -
(n) I<lcin '.I-group (b) Z (c) N (d) Z,i
(9) 0(-'i) in {±1:±d is .......... ..
(a) :3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (cl) 2
(10) Every group of or<ler - - ~ is abelia11 grouµ .
(n) 2 (b) 5 (c) 11 (d) G
Q.2 Attempt the short questions. [any tcu] [20]
(1) Prove that every subgroup of Z is of the form nZJor some 11. E Z.
(2) Prove thn t (.M:1( R) , +) is a gronp.
(3) Prove that intersection of two snbgroups of a group G is also a snbgronp of
C'.
(4) Find 0(2) in Z.
(5) State and prove left cnncelntion law in groui) G'.
(6) Let !! be any subgroup of group G. Then provc·'that
oll = ll {=?aEII.
('i') Prove that. 0: J; --1 Z dcfi11ecl by O(n) = -n is a11 automorphism of Z.
(8) Express the invcn;c of cycle (121153) ns n product. of Lransposit.ions.
(V) Define Group aml finite gronp.
(10) ls the product of permutation of 4 syrnLols cornmutat.ivc? .JnsLify.
(11) Prove lhilt 811 is a finite group of order n! .
(12) ~rove that 7,( G),t.he centre of group G is a subgroup of C. (PTO)
q -~ , l .
.. '
·• I •
' I
•
JI I
, .1 /,·· ,., . . . , .,. ,·1·,,,. 1..:
, , •.. I .. ~. 1., ,-.
•
11 -· · <if r,nn ,up ( ,'.T lic n prCJve th at 1-1 !( i~ "li
c: <: i:~ JI I, --. I, JI . .
.. ,
l-J' Jt(
') fl
L, C-1.u'r. ,•:L1.~L( r tlw ~<. t ( Z . *) \\"l
1c1c *- is <lc finc<l us a* /' ~ o,+ l,-0
fr,r::1, :-, ~-.1 r,'\ j) c,r 110 \ . Yf'rif
1
./1 \.I ,,. 1
y it. b it. connnu 18ilvr. ? .
:'
on.
fl J, .tJ Lt t II ~nd I{ \1c fi11itc:
~nh~roups uf ~rou p C :sud1 tl1
, at I-! !( is a snhgrc.,
. , U( /1 )0
r.. Th<.:!1 pn ,n~ \\1;1\ CJ(! I h ) = O( II (/ ( )
n I< ) .
~,:J P, c,\·c th ;\t i1.1r.1~ccticm cif nny nunibcr of ::;ubgroups of a
, , ' . , ' , i, l (r (\1. .-
••- ~I ,l • ·· •' ,,.. ' J "I) (f (', •
group G is
J
q.~ '. tl j Let G 11c ;..1. c.:>·c.:ht ~.r<Jnp an d
IT is a ~ub~roup of G. Show th
r,~~r, c\"c ·\ic. at // b
' 1) ; Le t G Le: a fin it c c:yc:Ec ~r
oup uf order n 1th en prove t.haL
G has (,'J(n)

OR
(~A '. c.:) Prv.-c t l1 ztt c\·e:ry ~u1 1~r
r,np of cyclic ~rrn1p is ab o cy di
c.
( d J 1f G j~ cy d ic ~rrJup of onlc:r 'n a11<l um
= c for ~omc .,,,, E Z th en
prC NC t.hr.Lt 11./ rn,.
q _:'/ c.1) L<.:t C = (a) he a fin ilc cy cli c gr ou p of or de r n.
111upv111g O: G __:, G dcfi11cd Th en pr ov e th at th e
by O("-) = ":"i h; an au tom orp his
iff nt 1s r<:1~1\ 1v dy pr im e to n . 1r1 of G
(\J) Pn ,v c t lir lt H 11<'1!1< ,rn orp
his m O : C: ➔ G' c,f G t.o G;
011(;- <;TI(! jff J<<:,,-() = {r: j:,; an
}.
OR
(} .S k) SuJt<.: a ll<1 PrCJvc f irs
t isornc,rphism t.hcorcm.
(,1 ) 1-'ruve thcJl e;vc.;ry i11G11itc
cy cli c ~r ou p has only on e nv
uu t0r nc )q~ \ 1iu r 1. ii-trivin1
q .c(a) I'rrN<.: t 1th t. .S',i is 11(,11 C(J tr_lllm
tnt.ivc gro up of or de r n!.
(b) If G is a di rec t pr uc lnd.
(in ter na l ) _c,f s11h~ronp~ 11 anc
(; is is<JlllC.Jrpl,ic to th e e;xtcn 1 l( , then Pr ov e tl'
1 ul dir ec t pro du c-t of II mi<.1
I(.
OH.
O.<i (c) Stal<: Hn<l pro ve Cn ylc
y\; t.l1con•m. .
V
( l') 1.., HJVC tl l ,tl t tli< ,' •s(•t
(

• · ..'-' uf nil 1w rm ut
7 71. at 1u11 011 n i:;v111bols fo n 11~ 't
ii<Jll- cc, rnr n 11 t.at ivc gr01q>. v
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