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Lecture 2 - Tabulation - Graphical Presentation

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4 views

Lecture 2 - Tabulation - Graphical Presentation

Uploaded by

safaa.sadek222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Statistics

Dr. Hossameldin Ahmed


Assistant Professor of Econometrics Applied Statistics

Lecture Two
Types of Variables

Discrete Continuous
- Countable - Measurable
- There is a CLEAR GAP - There is NO GAP between
between each two each two consecutive
consecutive values values
# of children Salaries
# of Patients Profits
Costs
# of banks
Revenues
# of Stocks
Weights
# companies
Level of Measurement

Qualitative Data Quantitative Data


Dis. / Con.
Nominal Ordinal
Interval Ratio
Data is Data is
NOT ordered Zero is Zero is
ordered by nature NOT defined
by nature defined
Graphical Presentation

Qualitative Data Quantitative Data


Interval or ratio
Nominal Ordinal
Dis. Con.
Pie chart Bar chart
Bar chart Histogram
8
Histogram: Age Of Students
6

Frequency
4

0
5 15 25 35 45 55 More
Histogram Construction

Steps:
0 – 20
Step 1: Calculate the range
20 – 40
Max. value – Min. Value
100 – 0 = 100 40 – 60
60 – 80
STep2: Number of intervals = 5 80 - 100

Step3: Interval Length = 100/5 = 20


Common Shapes for Histogram

Skewed to the right Skewed to the left


Symmetric
Positively Skewed Negatively Skewed
Application
Histogram Construction
Steps
Intervals
Step 1: Range = 90 - 40 – 50 million $ 40 – 50
50 – 60
Step 2: # of intervals = 5 60 – 70
70 – 80
Step 3: Interval Length = 50/5 = 10 million $ 80 – 90
Distribution table for Debts in million $

Relative
Intervals Tally Frequency Percentage
Frequency
40 – 50 // 2 2/25 = 0.08 8%
50 – 60 /// 3 3/25 = 0.12 12 %
60 – 70 //// 4 4/25 = 0.16 16 %
70 – 80 //// / 6 6/25 = 0.24 24 %
80 – 90 //// //// 10 10/25 = 0.40 40 %
Total 25 1 100%
Histogram of Debts
40
40

30

24
Percent

20
16

12

10 8

0
40 50 60 70 80 90
Debts
Thank you

See you next lecture

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