2.

0 Switches, Connectors, Relays and PCBs

Switches

1 Classify switches according to poles and throws (SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, Multi-pole multithrow)

2. Sketch the I.S.I symbols of various switches.

3. State the need of fuse in electronic equipment.

4 Mention different types of fuses.

Connectors

1. State the necessity of connectors in electronic circuits.

2. List different types of connectors.

3. State the use of MCB.

Relays

1. Define a relay.

2. Classify different relays based on principle of operation, polarization and application.

3. List the specifications and applications of relays.

PCBs

1. Classify PCBs and list the types of laminates used in PCBs

2. List the methods of transferring layout on to the copper clad sheet.

3. List the materials used in screen-printing

4. List the steps involved in screen-printing for making PCBs.

5. List the materials used in soldering

6. List the soldering methods of PCBs

Relays

1 Explain the working of general-purpose electromagnetic relay.

PCBs
1. Explain the need of PCB in electronic equipment.

2.Explain the methods of etching, cleaning and drilling of PCB.

3.Explain the steps involved in making double-sided PCB.

4. Explain Surface Mount Technology and its uses.

 2.0 Switches, Connectors, Relays and PCBs

Switches
1 Classify switches according to poles and throws (SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, Multi-pole multithrow)

 SPST (Single Pole Single Throw)

 SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw)
 DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw)
 DPST (Double Pole Single Throw)
 Multi-pole multithrow

2. Sketch the I.S.I symbols of various switches.

3. State the need of fuse in electronic equipment.

1. Electronic fuses are important components in protecting electronic devices and circuits from
overcurrent conditions

2. An electronic fuse is a circuit protection device(prevents overcurrent from damaging the circuit) that
uses solid-state components to interrupt the flow of current in an electrical circuit in the event of an
overcurrent condition.

3. It functions like a traditional fuse but does not require physical replacement after being tripped. Instead,
it automatically resets itself once the fault has been corrected, providing a more reliable and convenient
way to protect against electrical overload.

4. An electronic fuse is a circuit protection device that monitors the flow of current in an electrical circuit
and interrupts it in the event of an overcurrent condition. When the current exceeds a predetermined
threshold, the electronic fuse trips and opens the circuit, effectively shutting down the flow of electricity
to prevent damage to the circuit components or equipment.
4 Mention different types of fuses.

1.Ultra-rapid fuses: typically used in sensitive circuitry and transistors to protect against short circuits, reacting almost
instantaneously. These are also known as Very Fast Acting, Super Rapid and High-Speed fuses

2. Fast Acting Fuses: these are a more general-purpose fuse typically used with cabling and sturdier components. They
are also known as Fast Blow or F-Type fuses

3.Slow Acting fuses include a delay mechanism that allows short, lower power electrical surges to pass through the
circuit without the fuse blowing. They are also known as Slow Blow or Time Delay fuses. Dual Element fuses feature a
higher performance delay mechanism

4. AC Fuses

5. DC Fuses

6.Cylindrical Fuse Types

Connectors
1.State the necessity of connectors in electronic circuits.

1. Electronic connectors are devices that join electronic circuits

2. They are used in assembling, installing, and supplying power to electrical devices.

2.List different types of connectors.

3.State the use of MCB.

An MCB is a Miniature Circuit Breaker designed to protect an electric circuit from overload or short circuit.

MCBs have all but replaced fuse wires as a safety measure to protect an electric circuit from over-current because they
are safer and come with the advantage that they are reusable.

These are an alternative to fuses and are used to protect circuits from excess current.

These miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) are automatic switches which open when the current flowing through
them exceeds the value for which they have been set.
Relays
1.Define a relay.

A relay is an electrical device, typically incorporating an electromagnet, which is activated by a current or signal in
one circuit to open or close another circuit.
2.Classify different relays based on principle of operation, polarization and application.

Principle of operation

1. EMR (Electromechanical Relay)

2. SSR (Solid State Relay)
3. Reed Relay

Polarization

1. differential type relays.

2. Bridge type relays

Application

1. Latching Relays.
2. Overload Protection Relays.

3.List the specifications and applications of relays.

Specifications of relays
1. Life Expectancy
2. Cold Switching Voltage
3. Power Rating
4. Minimum Switching Voltage

Applications of relays
1. Automotive: Control systems, safety mechanisms, and lighting.
2. Industrial Automation: Machinery control, process automation.
3. Telecommunications: Signal switching, circuit management.
4. Power Systems: Protection, fault detection, and load management.

PCBs
1.Classify PCBs and list the types of laminates used in PCBs

Classify PCBs

1. Single Sided PCBs.

2. Double Sided PCBs.
3. Multi-layer PCBs.
4. Rigid PCBs.
5. Flexible PCBs.

list the types of laminates used in PCBs

1. Copper Clad Laminate (CCL)

2. High Tg Epoxy PCB laminate
3. Polyimide PCB laminate
 4. BT Epoxy PCB laminate
2.List the methods of transferring layout on to the copper clad sheet.

3.List the materials used in screen-printing

4.List the steps involved in screen-printing for making PCBs.

5.List the materials used in soldering

1. Soldering Iron
2. Solder wire
3. Flux

6.List the soldering methods of PCBs

1. Soft Soldering: Ideal for Delicate Components

2. Hard Silver Soldering: Stronger Metallic Joints
3. Braze Soldering: Higher Heat for Holding
4. Wave Soldering: Good for Through-Hole Components

Relays
1. Explain the working of general-purpose electromagnetic relay.
PCBs
1.Explain the need of PCB in electronic equipment.

1.Low Electronic Noise

A properly laid out PCB provides a significant low electronics noise. If laid out hasn't been implemented perfectly, such
noise may deteriorate the performance of the gadget’s circuit. The electronics gadgets on a PCB are embellished in an
efficient way so that the path lengths between them are significantly less as possible. Thus, we can listen to lower
electronic noise.

2. Compact size and saving of wire:

The interconnection between the PCB and the electronic gadgets is built up through copper tracks rather than various
carrying wires. Therefore, the interconnection becomes significantly less bulky. PCB helps to connect smaller electronic
gadgets which are completely impossible by using wires. Apart from that, a typical PCB offers an easy and intuitive
platform to array those gadgets in an efficient way. Such compactness helps to create complicated circuits in tiny form,
which in turn occupies less space in devices.

3. Subtle ease of repair and Diagnostic:

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) can quickly check and replace the specific failure in components. The PCB label is clearly
printed on the electronic gadgets. This allows various amenities during the repairing and as well as the installation
process. Moreover, PCB also helps to trace the signal paths during diagnostics.

4. Saving a plethora of time:

The outmoded and traditional method of circuit connection takes ample time to connect the electronic gadgets. The
importance of using PCB lies in mustering up a circuit within a minimalistic time as compared to the traditional method.

5. Immune to movement:

The significant things to ensure that all the gadgets on a PCB held tightly to the board. Solder flux helps to do this work
and it does not allow moving regardless of the movement of the board.

2.Explain the methods of etching, cleaning and drilling of PCB.

3.Explain the steps involved in making double-sided PCB.
4. Explain Surface Mount Technology and its uses.