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Polymorph Is Im

About Java

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Polymorph Is Im

About Java

Uploaded by

khamzada432
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE – POLYMORPHISM

OOP (JAVA)

MR. MUHAMMAD SALEEM


LECTURER
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi


AGENDA

 INTRODUCTION TO POLYMORPHISM
 TYPES OF POLYMORPHISM
 METHOD OVERLOADING
 METHOD OVERRIDING
 EXAMPLES
 RUN TIME POLYMORPHISM OR DYNAMIC DISPATCH METHOD
POLYMORPHISM

 Polymorphism in Java is a concept by which we


can perform a single action in different ways.
Polymorphism is derived from 2 Greek words: poly
and morphs.
 The word "poly" means many and "morphs" means
forms.
 So, polymorphism means many forms.
 There are two types of polymorphism in Java:
compile-time polymorphism and runtime
polymorphism. We can perform polymorphism in java
by method overloading and method overriding.
 If you overload a static method in Java, it is the
example of compile time polymorphism. Here, we
will focus on runtime polymorphism in java.
TYPES OF POLYMORPHISM

 In Java polymorphism is mainly divided into two types:


• Compile-time Polymorphism (static)
• Runtime Polymorphism(dynamic)
METHOD OVERLOADING IN JAVA

 If a class has multiple methods having same name but different in


parameters, it is known as Method Overloading.
 If we have to perform only one operation, having same name of the
methods increases the readability of the program.
 There are two ways to overload the method in java
1. By changing number of arguments
2. By changing the data type
Q) WHY METHOD OVERLOADING IS NOT POSSIBLE BY CHANGING THE
RETURN TYPE OF METHOD ONLY?

class Adder{
static int add(int a,int b){return a+b;}
 In java, method overloading is not static double add(int a,int b){return a+b;}
possible by changing the return type of
the method only because of ambiguity. }
Let's see how ambiguity may occur
class TestOverloading3{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(Adder.add(11,11));//ambiguity
}}
CAN WE OVERLOAD JAVA MAIN() METHOD?

 Yes, by method overloading. You can have any number of main methods in a class by
method overloading. But JVM calls main() method which receives string array as
arguments only. Let's see the simple example:
class TestOverloading4{
public static void main(String[] args){System.out.println("main with String[]");}
public static void main(String args){System.out.println("main with String");}
public static void main(){System.out.println("main without args");}
}
METHOD OVERLOADING AND TYPE PROMOTION

• One type is promoted to


another implicitly if no
matching datatype is
found.
• Let's understand the
concept by the figure
given below:
METHOD OVERRIDING IN JAVA

 If subclass (child class) has the same method as declared in the parent class, it is
known as method overriding in Java.
 In other words, If a subclass provides the specific implementation of the method that
has been declared by one of its parent class, it is known as method overriding.
• Method overriding is used to provide the specific implementation of a method which
is already provided by its superclass.
• Method overriding is used for runtime polymorphism
RULES FOR JAVA METHOD OVERRIDING

1. The method must have the same name as in the parent class
2. The method must have the same parameter as in the parent class.
3. There must be an IS-A relationship (inheritance).
A REAL EXAMPLE OF JAVA METHOD OVERRIDING

 Consider a scenario where Bank is a


class that provides functionality to get
the rate of interest.
 However, the rate of interest varies
according to banks. For example, SBI,
ICICI and AXIS banks could provide 8%,
7%, and 9% rate of interest.
SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS?

 Can we override static method?


 No, a static method cannot be overridden. It can be proved by runtime polymorphism.
 Why can we not override static method?
 It is because the static method is bound with class whereas instance method is bound with an object. Static belongs to the
class area, and an instance belongs to the heap area.
 Can we override java main method?
 No, because the main is a static method.
RUNTIME POLYMORPHISM IN JAVA

 Runtime polymorphism or Dynamic Method Dispatch is a process in which a call to


an overridden method is resolved at runtime rather than compile-time.
 In this process, an overridden method is called through the reference variable of a
superclass.
 The determination of the method to be called is based on the object being referred
to by the reference variable.
 Let's first understand the upcasting before Runtime Polymorphism.
UPCASTING

 If the reference variable of Parent class


refers to the object of Child class, it is
known as upcasting.
EXAMPLE OF RUN TIME POLYMORPHISM

 In this example, we are creating two classes


Bike and Splendor. class Bike{
 Splendor class extends Bike class and void run(){System.out.println("running");}
overrides its run() method. }
 We are calling the run method by the class Splendor extends Bike{
reference variable of Parent class. void run(){System.out.println("running safely with 60km");}
 Since it refers to the subclass object and
subclass method overrides the Parent class public static void main(String args[]){
method, the subclass method is invoked at Bike b = new Splendor();//upcasting
runtime.
b.run();
 Since method invocation is determined by the }
JVM not compiler, it is known as runtime
polymorphism. }
class Shape{
void draw(){System.out.println("drawing...");}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape{
void draw(){System.out.println("drawing rectangle...");}
}
class Circle extends Shape{
void draw(){System.out.println("drawing circle...");}
}
class Triangle extends Shape{
void draw(){System.out.println("drawing triangle...");}
}
class TestPolymorphism2{
public static void main(String args[]){
Shape s;
s=new Rectangle();
s.draw();
s=new Circle();
s.draw();
s=new Triangle();
s.draw(); } }
THANK YOU

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