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IPv6 Basics

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IPv6 Basics

اتر

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appwifi765
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IPv4 and IPv6 - Binary Conversion

IPv4 address 192.168.50.112 /24

Address in binary 11000000.1010100.00110010.01110000

Netmask in binary 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

IPv6 address 2001:2EB8:ADC1:54ED:1100:697A:3210:3331 /64

converted to binary 0010-0000-0000-0001:0010-1110-1011-1000:1010-1101-110


0-0001:0101-0100-1110-1101:0001-0001-0000-0000:0110-10
01-0111-1010:0011-0010-0001-0000:0011-0011-0011-0001
IPv6
● 128 bit address colon separated hexadecimal notation (8 hextets)
● Link-local address on each interface (locally significant only)
● Multiple routable addresses allowed on each interface
○ Global unicast (GUA) - unicast, routable on the Internet
○ Unique local - unicast, similar to IPv4 private address
○ Anycast - the same unicast address on multiple devices
● Multicast addresses (no broadcast addresses)
● /Network prefix - in slash decimal notation /64 (no subnet masks)

Global unicast address 2001:2EB8:ADC1:54ED:1100:697A:3210:3331 /64

Link-local address FE80::1100:697A:3210:3331 /10


IPv6 Network Prefix
● The network prefix separates the network portion from the interface ID
● The network prefix refers to the number of bits in the network portion

Network (64 bits) Interface ID

Global unicast address 2001:2EB8:ADC1:54ED:1100:697A:3210:3331 /64

Network (96 bits) Interface ID

Global unicast address 2001:2EB8:ADC1:54ED:0000:0000:0000:0F31 /96

Network (128 bits - single host/network of one)

Global unicast address 2001:2EB8:ADC1:54ED:0000:0000:0000:0F31 /128


IPv6 Global Unicast Address
● The network portion of the global unicast address is hierarchically
structured

Global Routing Prefix Subnet Interface ID prefix

2001 00A1 2233 0001 0800:27FF:FE00:0008 /64

/64 subnet prefix


/48 site prefix
/32 provider prefix
/23 regional registry
/3 IANA global prefix
IPv6 Address Compression
● Leading zeros can be omitted (trailing zeros cannot)
● A single instance of continuous zeros can be replaced with a double
colon ::
● When decompressing remember there are supposed to be 8 hextets of
4 hexadecimal characters each

global address 2001:0EB8:00C1:2200:0001:0000:0000:0331 /64

leading zeros 2001:0EB8:00C1:2200:0001:0000:0000:0331 /64

continuous zeros 2001:0EB8:00C1:2200:0001:0000:0000:0331 /64

compressed 2001:EB8:C1:2200:1::331 /64


IPv6 SLAAC - Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

1 Router Solicitation (RS)

Router Advertisement (RA) 2

Autoconfigure address
3
(EUI-64 or random)

4 Neighbor Solicitation (NS) DAD


IPv6 SLAAC
RFC 4861 Neighbor Discovery - SLAAC - ICMPv6

Message Source address Destination address Type

Router Solicitation (RS) 1 unspecified address all-routers multicast 133


:: /128 FF02::2

Router Advertisement 2 router link-local all-nodes multicast 134


(RA) FE80::x FF02::1
● sent periodically,
● sent in response to a IPv6 prefixes (one or more) 2000:1234:ABCD:EF22:: /64
router solicitation (RS)
Router lifetime information 0 (not default), 1 - 9000 seconds

flag information M = managed, O = other (DHCPv6)

gateway / source address FE80::x


Autoconfigure address IPv6 SLAAC (EUI-64)
3
(EUI-64)

48 bit MAC Address 08-00-27-00-00-08

split address in the middle 08-00-27 00-00-08

insert FF:FE 08-00-27 FF:FE 00-00-08

hexadecimal 08-00-27 FF:FE 00-00-08

7th bit in binary 00001000

7th bit flip changes 8 to A 00001010

64 bit host interface ID 0A00:27FF:FE00:0008


IPv6 SLAAC
RFC 4861 Neighbor Discovery - SLAAC - ICMPv6 (instead of ARP)

Message Source address Destination address Type

Neighbor Solicitation (NS) link-local or unspecified address all-solicited nodes 135


● Similar to ARP in IPv6 :: /128 if multicast
check host availability duplicate address detection (DAD) FF02::1:FFxx:xxxx
4
●
● check for DAD

Neighbor Advertisement link-local address link-layer address, 136


(NA) FE80::x or all-nodes multicast
● response to (NS), FF02::1
● used to announce a
link-layer address R=router flag-neighbor unreach
change S=solicited flag-response to NS
O=override flag-update address
IPv6 Address Types
Type Purpose Prefix

Global Unicast routable on the Internet 2000:: /3

Link Local local link/network (only) FE80:: /10

Multicast sending to groups (no broadcast) FF00:: /8

Unique Local routable on a LAN (private address) FC00::/8 FD00::/8

Modified EUI-64 converts 48 bit MAC to 64 bit host ID 7th bit flipped + FF:FE inserted

Autoconfiguration stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) RS RA NS NA (ICMPv6 - NDP)

Anycast shared address, used to send to nearest syntactically identical to


available device interface unicast (identified as anycast)
2001:DB8:1::/64 (all zeros ID)
IPv6 Addresses
IPv6 Address Purpose

::/0 all unknown networks - used for default route

::1/128 loopback - similar to 127.0.0.1

::/128 unspecified address - no address yet

FE80::/10 link-local

FF02::1 all-nodes multicast

FF02::2 all-routers multicast

FF02::1:FFxx:xxxx All-solicited nodes multicast - autoconfiguration


and neighbor discovery (similar to ARP)
Router IPv6 Address Configuration
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing
Router(config)# interface g0/0
Router(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:22:1::1/64
or ipv6 address 2001:db8:22:1::/64 eui-64
Router(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1 link-local
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
Router(config-if)# interface g0/1
Router(config-if)# ipv6 enable
Router(config-if)# ipv6 address autoconfig
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)# interface g0/0
Router(config-if)# no ipv6 address 2001:db8:22:1::1/64
Router(config-if)# no ipv6 address fe80::1 link-local
Router(config-if)# shutdown

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