Introduction To Number Systems
Introduction To Number Systems
• Base 10
• There are ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. 10 n 1 10 410310 210110 0
• Example: 104510 d n 1 d 4 d 3 d 2 d1 d 0
= 725.194
• Base 2 system bn 1 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 i n
• There are two digits: 0 and 1.
• The 0 represents the an off state.
• The 1 represents the an on state. Base
• Example: 100101.0011
• Binary Digits are called Bits
Binary Number Scale
• nybble = 4 bits
• byte = 8 bits
• (short) word = 2 bytes = 16 bits
• (double) word = 4 bytes = 32 bits
• (long) word = 8 bytes = 64 bits
• 1K (kilo) = 1,024 bits
• 1M (mega) = (1K)*(1K) = 1,048,576 bits
• 1G (giga) = (1K)*(1M) = 1,073,741,824 bits
• Example: EF5616
•
16n1 16416316 216116 0
Octal System
• Base 8 system.
• Example: 34073
Exponential 2 1 0
Expression: 8 *2 8 *4 8 *1
– The people not only use base-10 number system, also use other bases For suitability (like, binary, octal, hexadecimal etc.)
– Therefore, need to know how to convert from one to another base system.
– In real world, the signals come in analog (continuous) format and good to know usually how they become 0’s and 1’s (visa
versa).
• Here, a decimal number is repeatedly divided by 2 and stores the quotient and remainder.
• Remainder digits (a sequence of zeros and ones) form the binary equivalent in least significant to most significant digit sequence.
10000112
• In this method, multiply each digit by its weighted position, and add each weighted values.
=128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
=202
• Find –
(1011011.0110)2 = (?)10
(00110.11001)2 =(?)10
– Binary: 10011110001