Basic Education Department

Academic Year 2023-2024

Activity Title: THE WRITING PROCESS

Learning Targets:
a. I can distinguish the steps in the writing process and the techniques to use in each step
b. I can identify the properties of a well-written text
c. I can use techniques and writing conventions in writing text.
d. I can reflect on the value of faith to be resilient.

LET’S GET READY!

Directions: Study the scenarios below. Arrange the sequence of the steps that someone has to take in writing.
Place numbers 1 – 5 to the blank before each scenario to sequence the whole situation.

_______ George has to write a descriptive essay for one his subjects at school, but he’s still not sure what to write. He
wanted to write a good essay so he planned the whole thing thoroughly before deciding what to do next. He read
some articles and even asked some of his classmates what’s a good topic to write about and then, selected details to
include in his essay.
_______ Before he started to write his essay, he made a planned draft. He just wrote ideas out from his mind and let
his feelings and ideas led him in developing his topic. He made use of outlines as guide to the flow and structure of
his essay.
_______ When George is done writing, he checked how well the issues of purpose, audience, and genre have been
addressed. He checked whether he can still improve the style, word choice, figurative language and sentence variety.
_______ He then checked the accuracy of facts and errors in spelling, grammar usage, and mechanics such as
punctuation marks and capitalization. It was important for his to be checked as it will also be part of the grading
system of his teacher at the same time, it will help his readers to understand his essay.
_______ Since all were checked and some of the parts of the essay were already revised, he decided to finally print out
the copy of it for his submission and presentation to his class. He also decided to post it on his log for his readers.

LET’S READ!
Read and comprehend the selection below, highlight the important details in the text and analyse how the
author organizes the details and ideas in the text.

THERE IS NO RAINBOW WITHOUT RAIN

Eva Hadzipetrova (15), UNICEF Young Reporter

I’ve been thinking a lot - what is it that will come out of all this? Equality! This situation has shown us that we are all
the same regardless of our religion, culture, customs, whether we are poor or rich. The virus simply does not choose.
It connected us in a way, it showed us that we should all stick together. During this chaos, while many of us in a panic,
it showed us the weight of humanity. It reminded us who we are. Maybe the world will finally change.

We humans are fragile by ourselves. Our strength lies in being part of a community.

We do not live without relationships and we should never forget that. We have a very caring and shared
connection between us and it’s amazing to see how we stick together at times. Sharing is caring. Sometimes we need
to remember how important kindness is. We need to remember that we have been given a gift called life and that we
should appreciate it.

Everything can end tomorrow. Focus on what is important to us. When all this is over, Earth will continue to
spin, and life will flow again. The question is whether by then we will have learned our lesson. Let us be mindful of
our Earth and it will be kind to us. There is no rainbow without rain. Remember that.

Life should be like the rain. It might have fallen but it never stays down, instead it continues to flow
and when the time is right, it goes up again and soar high as a cloud.

Life’s challenges are like the rain; it pours, but it fills!

Direction: Answer the following question about the text. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the
space before the number.
___________1. What was the text all about?
A. It is mainly about the ill effects brought by the pandemic.
B. It talks about the struggles people had to endure just to survive and live.
C. It emphasized the lesson about solidarity and equality during these times of crisis
D. It shows how challenges bring light and prosperity to one’s life and even to the whole community.
___________2. To whom do you think the author is speaking?
A. The author is speaking to the people who continually fight the effects of pandemic.
B. The author is reaching to everyone in the whole world to become one in battling against the virus.
C. The author is extending its sympathy and empathy to the world to remain faithful and united to win
the war against the pandemic.
D. All of the above.
___________3. The author used question in her introduction. Do you think the way the author started her article was
effective?
A. Yes. It was effective since questions fuel the curiosity and interest of the readers.
B. Yes. It was effective as it summarized the whole article and the readers understood it well.
C. No. It was ineffective as the author eventually provided the answer of her own question.
D. No. It was ineffective because instead of giving the readers an overview, it gave the audience
confusions and false presumptions.
___________4. What do you think the author meant with the last line, “Life’s challenges are like the rain; it pours, but it
fills.”?
A. The challenges that life give molds us to become better and wiser.
C. It is only with the life’s challenges that we truly see the value of life, itself.
B. The more hardships we encounter, the deeper we perceive the meaning of life.
D. If we only learn to see situations in its brighter side, then we will realize that life is not too hard.
___________5. Did the author make use of effective conclusion for her composition? How do you say so?
A. Yes. The conclusion was effective as it was simple and comprehensive.
B. Yes. It was effective because the author used a striking line or quotation to sum it up.
C. No. The author should have elaborated the article further and provided more paragraphs.
D. No. It was ineffective as it leaves the readers with more questions leading them to read more.

Activity Title: THE WRITING PROCESS & COMPONENTS OF GOOD WRITING

LET’S LEARN!
T H E W R I T I N G P R O C E S S
Writing is a process because when one writes, the ideas go through a series of changes or stages before the
written text is finalized.
There are five steps in the writing process – prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing.
PREWRITING
Whatever it is one wants to write, it is important that planning be done in this stage. The writer determines
the purpose for writing and the intended audience, chooses a topic, narrows down the topic, gathers detailed ideas,
and develops the controlling idea or thesis of the piece of writing.
Ideas of prewriting
• Browse through magazines, newspaper, and web sites
• Brainstorm for ideas with a group
• Keep an article file for future reference
• Interview knowledgeable persons
• Create a cluster map of main and supporting ideas
• Write reflections about activities right after each activity
• Jot down whatever comes to mind about a topic
DRAFTING
In the drafting stage, the prewriting notes and sentences are turned into paragraphs for the first draft. The
draft has three important parts – the introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction must be strong enough to
grab the reader’s attention and must include the thesis or controlling idea. The body develops the controlling idea
and presents details that elaborate on and supports that idea. The conclusion, very often, restates the thesis and
summarizes the most important concepts of the paper.
Ideas for drafting
• Make a discovery draft
• Just start writing and let your feelings and ideas lead you in developing your topic.
• Make a planned draft
• Arrange your ideas in a certain way – in a topic outline or in a sentence outline – before you begin writing
REVISING
Revising is going through the paper to see how well the issues of purpose, audience, and genre have been
addressed. Revising is also checking if there are ways of improving the style, word choice, figurative language,
sentence variety, and subtlety of meaning.
Check for the following:
• Inclusion of main idea/thesis statement.
• Use of precise nouns, verbs, and modifiers
• Adequacy and balance of details and evidence
• Unity, coherence, and logic of ideas
• Consistency or point of view
• Use of transitional word, phrases, and sentences
• Variety of sentence types
• Appropriateness of tone or audience and purpose
EDITING
Editing is the process of checking the accuracy of facts and correcting errors in spelling, grammar, usage, and
mechanics (spelling, punctuation, capitalization)
Check for the following:
• Subject-verb agreement
• Pronoun-antecedent agreement
• Run-on sentences and sentence fragments
• Capitalization and use of punctuation marks
• Spelling of unfamiliar words
• Usage of confusing word pairs
Most writers use a set of proofreading marks for this purpose.
PUBLISHING
Publishing is producing a final copy of a piece of writing and presenting it to an audience. Decisions have to
be made about which form will best reach the intended audience, and accomplish the intended purpose.
Ideas for publishing
• Presenting orally in class through the report, speech, or dramatic presentation
• Posting on a bulletin board or on a blog
• Creating a multimedia presentation
• Publishing in a school paper, a local newspaper, or a literary magazine

C O M P O N E N T S O F G O O D W R I T I N G
A piece of writing is composed of an interesting introduction and effective paragraphs, transitions,
conclusions and elaboration.
INTRODUCTION
The introduction presents the thesis statement and should capture the reader’s attention. Some ways of
introducing a piece of writing are as follows:
• Begin with a thesis statement
• Use a surprising statement
• Provide a description
• Ask a question
• Relate an anecdote
• Address the reader directly

Paragraphs
A paragraph is made up of sentences that work together to develop an idea or accomplish a purpose. A good
paragraph should exhibit unity and coherence.
Unity – a paragraph has unity when all the sentences support an explicit or implicit main idea.
Coherence – A paragraph is coherent when all the sentences are related to one another. Each sentence
follows logically to the next.
Transitions
 Transitions are words, phrases, and sentences that show connections between details. Transitions can be
shown through the use of the following kinds of words:
• Time or sequence words, e.g., then, next, finally
• Spatial order words, e.g., in front, behind, in the middle
• Degree of importance, e.g., mainly, strongest, weakest
• Comparison-and-contrast, e.g., similarly, unlike, whereas
• Cause-effect, e.g., therefore, so, for this reason
CONCLUSION
A good conclusion sums up the ideas presented in the text. This can be shown through any of the following
forms:
• A restatement of the main idea or thesis in different words
• A questions
• A recommendation
• An opinion
• The last event
ELABORATION
Elaboration is the process of providing specific, relevant, and appropriate supporting details to the main idea
of thesis statement through the use of:
• Facts and statistics
• Descriptions
• A recommendation
• An opinion
• The last event

W R I T I N G T R A I T S
Good writing has specific qualities or traits. It is focused and coherent, well-organized, has clear ideas,
identifiable voice, and accurate and appropriate language conventions.
Focus and coherence
A piece of writing is focused and coherent if it keeps to the topic and is clear and supported by well-chosen
details. Furthermore, the ideas are well connected to each other through the use of appropriate words, phrases, and
sentences.
Organization
A well-organized paper has a clearly recognizable plan, the ideas move from sentence to sentence in a logical
way and from the paragraph to paragraph in an appropriate organizational pattern.
Development of ideas
In a well-written paper, the ideas are clearly defined, logically developed, supported by appropriate details,
and connected in an interesting manner. Voice connects the writer to the reader. A writer’s voice is displayed through
his/her personal writing style and through his/her use of unique words and phrases.
Conventions
Conventions refer to the correct use of all spelling, punctuation, capitalization, grammar, usage, and sentence
structure rules.

EXERCISE
Direction: Read the questions below and infer the BEST answer. Write only the letter of your answer on the space
before the number.

______ 1. Which of the following is the correct order for the writing process?
A. prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, publication
B. prewriting, drafting, revising, drafting, editing
C. prewriting, drafting, publication
D. prewriting, drafting, editing, revising, publication
______ 2. What is the first thing your student should do when starting the writing process?
A. Brainstorm about the topic
B. Revise the draft
C. Edit the draft
D. Create a draft
______ 3. True or false? It is important to keep the purpose and audience in mind while drafting the assignment.
A. True
B. False
 ______ 4. Jaden is looking over her writing to if there are any misspelled words, end marks and words that need to be
capitalized. Which stage of writing process is Jaden in?
A. Prewriting B. Editing C. Drafting D. Publishing
______ 5. Tyler has completed his essay. He has reread it and made corrections. There aren’t any misspelled words or
grammatical errors. He is ready to share his writing with his teacher. Which stage of the writing process is
Tyler in?
A. Prewriting B. Editing C. Drafting D. Publishing
______ 6. Which of the following shows revising in the writing?
A. When the writer creates a list of ideas
B. When the writer looks over his or her writing for capitalization
C. When the writer moves ideas around, puts them in different order, or adds information
D. Revising is not part of the writing process.
______ 7. When you are writing sentences, there should be capital letters at the beginning of sentences and punctuation
marks at the end.
A. True B. False C. It depends D. Not necessarily
______ 8. A paragraph is made up of sentences that work together to develop an idea or accomplish a purpose. Which
of the following does not develop a good paragraph?
A. Coherence B. Organization C. Transitions D. Ambiguity
______ 9. The following shows some features of an organized and well-written paper, EXCEPT:
A. The ideas are clearly defined.
B. The voice connects the writer to the reader.
C. Most of the ideas are factual and accurate but some are just assumptions.
D. Concepts and views are logically developed and supported by appropriate details.
______ 10. Several aspects need to be considered in constructing a good sentence. If not followed, a sentence could
end up being a fragment. The following are the three main considerations in constructing a good sentence, EXCEPT:
A. punctuation marks C. creative and symbolic words
B. subject and a predicate D. capital letter in the beginning of the sentence

ACTIVITY. Below are some of sample introductions of a composition. Analyze the sample introductions and infer
what SPECIFIC WAY is being utilized. Choose your answer from the box and write only the letter of your answer on
the space before the number.

A. Startling statement.
B. A statement intended to prove or develop.

C. Anecdote or a brief story.

D. Opinion or point of view

E. Telling how you became interested in the subject

__________ 1. I became fascinated of becoming a flight attendant when I had my first time riding a plane going to
Baguio City with my family.

__________ 2. It is said when Queen Victoria was a little girl, she was sent on a visit to her grandmother. The little
Victoria was very well-behaved, very quiet. She did everything her grandmother told her to do. Her grandmother
was very pleased with Victoria.

One day the grandmother told Victoria she could do anything she wished. The grandmother waited in anticipation.
What would the little girl do?

“You say I can do what I really want to do?” Victoria asked with a happy light in her eyes.

“Yes,” her grandmother said kindly.

“Then,” said the future queen of England, smiling happily, “I’d like to wash the dishes.”

__________ 3. I think the real problem is not climate change but it is us. It is because of our greed and desire of power
and possession.
__________ 4. At the age of 19, I was able to travel more than fifty countries and planned to travel the world.
__________ 5. Laughter is the best medicine.
II. Below are some of sample conclusions of a composition. Analyze the sample conclusions and infer what SPECIFIC
WAY is being utilized. Choose your answer from the box and write only the letter of your answer on the space before
the number.

A. Leave a Questions to the Reader’s Mind.

B. Indulge in a bit of prophecy.

C. End with a quotation.

D. Give the summary conclusion

__________ 1. Francis Bacon written in his essay “Of studies” that “reading maketh a full man, conferencing a ready
man, and writing an exact man”. This emphasized the importance of studies in life application.

__________ 2. I perceived the new day is yet to come. A new beginning will commence and everyone shall live a new
life. New hope will emerge and immeasurable faith will devour the hearts of the people. A prosperous and peaceful
land will come at hand. And the world will be filled with love and joy.

__________ 3. Have we really ever learned our lessons? Is it really the misfortunes that brought us here or we,
ourselves have put such misfortunes in our way?

__________ 4. There is no more turning back. We can no longer travel back in time and change things for the better.
We can either move forward or stop and let things end. Making decisions is essential to live, facing its outcome is
prerequisite.