ASSIGNMENT 1

INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS [STAT101]

TOTAL MARKS: 100

Release Date: 15 August 2023
Submission Date: 25 August 2023

MODERATOR: Prof. KK Ogujiuba

Note:
➢ Answer all questions on this question paper.
➢ For Questions 1 to 15 circle the correct answer.
➢ For all other Questions write down your answers and show all calculations.
➢ Round off to two decimal places, except for the probabilities you round off to four
decimal places.

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SECTION A: 30

In this section indicate the correct answer by writing the corresponding letter. Each question
is two marks.
1. For a sample size of 70 cars were selected randomly. Using Sturges rule, the
minimum number of classes will be:
a) 4.
b) 5.
c) 6
d) 7

2. A class of 55 students wrote a semester test. The minimum marks were 45 and the
maximum of 93. The range of semester test marks will be:
a) 193.
b) 138.
c) 48.
d) 38.
3. A class of 55 students wrote a semester test. The minimum marks were 45 and the
maximum of 92. If you were asked to construct a frequency table with a class width
of 8 and a number of classes of 6. The first class interval will be:
a) 45 < 53.
b) 55 < 92.
c) 45 < 51.
d) 45 <55.

4. A lecturer wants to go on a study trip and needs only 3 students as a representative

from a class of 45 students. Using the simple random sampling method to select those
students in the random table below. Then start from raw 2, column 4, and read the
random number from left to right. The first student to be selected will be number:

67 37 66 97 98 54 02 23 80 96 13 08

76 19 85 42 86 04 30 58 62 75 25 68

97 76 37 48 83 03 63 59 55 25 54 22

a) 42.
b) 04.
c) 28.
d) 98.

5. Which of the following is false in a simple random sampling method:

a) Every number in a population has an equal chance of being selected for a

sample.
b) Duplicates can be selected.
c) The sample size is of size n.
d) The elements in the population are numbered 1 to N.

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6. “The size of pizza at a certain pizza store is classified as small, medium, and large.”
This sentence will be defined as the following data type:
a) Qualitative and Nominal.
b) Qualitative and Ordinal.
c) Quantitative and Interval.
d) Quantitative and Ratio.
7. Population in statistics term is defined as:
a) Subset drawn from the population.
b) A number that describes the properties of a sample.
c) A number that describes the properties of a sample.
d) Total number of subjects being studied.
8. A university of 20000 students indicated that 65% of their students are females. To
confirm this a sample size of 300 was selected randomly and 68% were found to be
females.
a) 65% and 68% are respectively population and sample.
b) 65% and 68% are respectively a statistic and sample.
c) 65% and 68% are respectively a parameter and a statistic.
d) 65% and 68% are respectively population and a parameter.
9. Which of the following statement is correct about the bar chart (graph)?
a) Bar graph represents qualitative data.
b) Bar graph represents quantitative data.
c) Bar graph has no gaps between the lines (bars).
d) Bar graph shows frequency by bar width.
10. When the distribution is called symmetric, the following statement is true:
a) Mean > Median > Mode.
b) Mean= Median= Mode.
c) Mode < Median < Mean.
d) Median>Mean > Mode.
11. You are asked to comment on the shape of the distribution, given the mean of 35,
mode of 27, and median of 32. The distribution will be:
a) Symmetric.
b) Skewed to the right.
c) Skewed to the left.
d) No distribution.
12. According to the empirical rule, when the mean and standard deviation are known,
and the histogram is bell-shaped:

a) 99.7% of all observations fall within one standard deviation from the mean.
b) 95% of all observations fall within three standard deviations from the mean.
c) 99.7% of all observations fall within three standard deviations from the mean.
d) 68% of all observations fall within two standard deviations from the mean.
13. Assume that the marks for students have a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of
11.2. The histogram for the marks was bell-shaped, and all data fall within one
standard deviation of the mean. This will be interpreted as :
a) 68% of the student's marks lie between 53.8 and 76.2.
b) 68% of the student's marks lie between 11.2 and 65.
c) 95% of the student’s marks lie between 53.8 and 76.2.
d) 95% of the student's marks lie between 11.2 and 65.
14. Assumed that the P (A) = 0.35, and P (B) = 0.45. The two events “A” and “B” are
assumed to be mutually exclusive, when:

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 a) P (A and B) = P (A) × P (B).
b) P (A and B) = 0.
c) P( A or B) = P( A) +P (B) –P(A and B)
d) P (A/B) = P (A and B).

15. In a probability distribution which of the following statement is wrong:

a) The probability is always between zero and one or 0% and 100%.
b) The summation of probabilities is always one.
c) The probability can take a negative value sometimes.
d) The impossible event has a probability of zero.

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SECTION B: 70

Question 1 (20)

The data below represents the marks for 22 students obtained in Class Test.

68 39 57 42 82 78 63 56 64 73 80
74 59 35 49 64 51 70 65 83 64 77

1.1. Construct a stem-and-leaf display for the above data, your columns must include:
stem; sorted leaves; and frequency. (5)

1.2. Determine the mean and interpret your results. (3)

1.3. Determine the mode and explain the meaning. (2)
1.4. Determine the median and interpret your results. (4)
1.5. Calculate the standard deviation. (4)
1.6. Calculate the coefficient of variation (CV). (2)

Question 2 (16)
The following table indicates the frequency distribution of the number of orders received
each day during the past 50 days at Nandos.

Number of Number of Cumulative

orders days (f) frequency (F)
15 <20 6 6
20 <25 8 14
25 < 30 12 26
30 < 35 10 36
35 < 40 9 45
40 < 45 5 50
50

2.1. Determine and interpret the upper quartile (Q3). (3)

2.2. Determine the mode. (3)
2.3. What is the percentage of the number of days between orders number 20 and 30? (3)
2.4. Draw the histogram from the above data and comment on the shape. (7)

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Question 3
(16)
3.1. A student can select one of 7 different economics books, one of 5 different statistics
books, and one of 3 different finance books. In how many different ways can a student select
a book of mathematics, a book of chemistry, and a book of science?
(2)
3.2. A multiple-choice question paper with 8 questions and 3 possible answers can be
answered in how many ways?
(2)
3.3. A company of 25 people, would like to choose their representative. How many ways are
there to choose 3 representatives for the company? (2)
3.4. A class of 15 students, would like to choose their representative. How many ways are
there to choose a president, vice president, and secretary?
(2)

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3.5. A student is registered for Economics (E) and Statistics (S). Assume that the probability
of registering for Economics: P (E) =0.80; registered for Statistics: P (S) =0.50; and
registered for both Economics and Statistics: P (E and S) =0.40.
a) Determine the probability of not registering for Economics. (2)
b) Determine the probability of a student registering for Economics or Statistics. (3)
c) Determine the probability of a student registered for Statistics given that is registered for
Economics.
(3)

Question 4
(18)
4.1. The probability of a student attending the class on any given day is 0.30. If a random
sample of 15 students is selected.
a) Determine the probability that fewer than 2 students will attend the class. (3)
b) Estimate the average (expected) number of students who will attend the class.
(2)

4.2. Insurance company receives an average of 5 claims on a particular day.

a) Determine the probability that the company receives at most 1 claim on a particular
day.(3)
b) Determine the probability that the company receives exactly 4 claims in 2 days. (3)

4.3. The time to complete a task follows a normal distribution with a mean of 12 and a
standard deviation of 2 minutes.
a) Determine the probability that the task will be completed in less than 15 minutes?
(3)
b) Determine the probability that the task will be completed between 13 and 16 minutes. (4)