A MINI PROJECT ON

LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT AND SKILLS OF MANAGEMENT Submitted By

Padmini Maharana
MBA 1st Year-Sec-B

Under the Guidance of

Mr.Gouranga Patra

Srusti Academy of Management

DECLARATION

I, Padmini Maharana do hereby declare that this project work has been done by me with the help of my Tutor and Guide Mr.Gouranga Patra.. To the best of my knowledge, this project work has not been submitted for the award of any degree and is a part of MBA course of Srusti Academy of Management, Bhubaneswar.

Padmini Maharana MBA 1ST Year Srusti Academy of Management, Bhubaneswar

INTERNAL GUIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Abinash Mohapatra, a student of MBA 1st Year Srusti Academy of Management, Bhubaneswar has successfully completed his project title To Find the Levels of the Management & Skills of the Management by visiting an organization under my guidance.

Mr.Gouranga Patra Assistant Professor-Marketing Srusti Academy of Management, Bhubaneswar

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

To know how the Levels of the management and Skills of the management helps an organization to run smoothly and achieve the goal easily. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT There are three types of management levels.They are as follows; (1)TOP LEVEL MANAGERS (2)MIDDLE-LEVEL MANAGERS (3)FIRST-LEVEL MANAGERS FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT There are four types of functions in management.Such as; (1)PLANNING (2)ORGANIZING (3)LEADING (4)CONTROLLING ROLES OF MANAGEMENT Management roles were categorized by researcher HENEARY MINTZBERG,and they can be grouped into three major types.They are as follows;

(1)DECISIONAL ROLE (2)INTERPERSONAL ROLE (3)INFORMATIONAL ROLE

BRIEF UNDERSTANDING ABOUT THE TOPIC MANAGEMENT LEVELS

Managers are organizational members who are responsible for the work performance of other organizational members. Managers have formal authority to use organizational resources and to make decisions. In organizations, there are typically three levels of management: top-level, middle-level, and first-level. These three main levels of managers form a hierarchy, in which they are ranked in order of importance. In most organizations, the number of managers at each level is such that the hierarchy resembles a pyramid, with many more first-level managers, fewer middle managers, and the fewest managers at the top level. Each of these management levels is described below in terms of their possible job titles and their primary responsibilities and the paths taken to hold these positions. Additionally, there are differences across the management levels as to what types of management tasks each does and the roles that they take in their jobs. Finally, there are a number of changes that are occurring in many organizations that are changing the management hierarchies in them, such as the increasing use of teams, the prevalence of outsourcing, and the flattening of organizational structures. TOP-LEVEL MANAGERS Top-level managers, or top managers, are also called senior management or executives. These individuals are at the top one or two levels in an organization, and hold titles such as: Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operational Officer (COO), Chief Information Officer (CIO), Chairperson of the Board, President, Vice president, Corporate head. Often, a set of these managers will constitute the top management team, which is composed of the CEO, the COO, and other department heads. Top-level managers make decisions affecting the entirety of the firm. Top managers do not direct the day-to-day activities of the firm; rather, they set goals for the organization and direct the company to achieve them. Top managers are

ultimately responsible for the performance of the organization, and often, these managers have very visible jobs.

MIDDLE-LEVEL MANAGERS Middle-level managers, or middle managers, are those in the levels below top managers. Middle managers' job titles include: General manager, Plant manager, Regional manager, and Divisional manager. Middle-level managers are responsible for carrying out the goals set by top management. They do so by setting goals for their departments and other business units. Middle managers can motivate and assist first-line managers to achieve business objectives. Middle managers may also communicate upward, by offering suggestions and feedback to top managers. Because middle managers are more involved in the day-to-day workings of a company, they may provide valuable information to top managers to help improve the organization's bottom line. Jobs in middle management vary widely in terms of responsibility and salary. Depending on the size of the company and the number of middle-level managers in the firm, middle managers may supervise only a small group of employees, or they may manage very large groups, such as an entire business location. Middle managers may be employees who were promoted from first-level manager positions within the organization, or they may have been hired from outside the firm. Some middle managers may have aspirations to hold positions in top management in the future. FIRST-LEVEL MANAGERS First-level managers are also called first-line managers or supervisors. These managers have job titles such as: Office manager, Shift supervisor, Department manager, Foreperson, Crew leader, Store manager. First-line managers are responsible for the daily management of line workersthe employees who actually produce the product or offer the service. There are first-line managers in every work unit in the organization. Although first-level managers typically do not set goals for the organization, they have a very strong influence on the company. These are the managers that most

employees interact with on a daily basis, and if the managers perform poorly, employees may also perform poorly, may lack motivation, or may leave the company. In the past, most first-line managers were employees who were promoted from line positions (such as production or clerical jobs). Rarely did these employees have formal education beyond the high school level. However, many first-line managers are now graduates of a trade school, or have a two-year associates or a four-year bachelor's degree from college.

MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS Managers at different levels of the organization engage in different amounts of time on the four managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. PLANNING Planning is choosing appropriate organizational goals and the correct directions to achieve those goals. ORGANIZING Organizing involves determining the tasks and the relationships that allow employees to work together to achieve the planned goals. LEADING With leading, managers motivate and coordinate employees to work together to achieve organizational goals. CONTROLLING When controlling, managers monitor and measure the degree to which the organization has reached its goals. The degree to which top, middle, and supervisory managers perform each of these functions is presented in Exhibit 1. Note that top managers do considerably more planning, organizing, and controlling than do managers at any other level. However, they do much less leading. Most of the leading is done by first-line managers. The amount of planning, organizing, and controlling

decreases down the hierarchy of management; leading increases as you move down the hierarchy of management.

Exhibit Time Spent on Management Functions at Different Management Levels MANAGEMENT ROLES

In addition to the broad categories of management functions, managers in different levels of the hierarchy fill different managerial roles. These roles were categorized by researcher Henry Mintzberg, and they can be grouped into three major types: decisional, interpersonal, and informational. DECISIONAL ROLES. Decisional roles require managers to plan strategy and utilize resources. There are four specific roles that are decisional. The entrepreneur role requires the manager to assign resources to develop innovative goods and services, or to expand a business. Most of these roles will be held by top-level managers, although middle managers may be given some ability to make such decisions. The disturbance handler corrects unanticipated problems facing the organization from the internal or external environment. Managers at all levels may take this role. For example, firstline managers may correct a problem halting the assembly line or a middle level manager may attempt to address the aftermath of a store robbery. Top managers are more likely to deal with

major crises, such as requiring a recall of defective products. The third decisional role, that of resource allocator, involves determining which work units will get which resources.

INTERPERSONAL ROLES Interpersonal roles require managers to direct and supervise employees and the organization. The figurehead is typically a top of middle manager. This manager may communicate future organizational goals or ethical guidelines to employees at company meetings. A leader acts as an example for other employees to follow, gives commands and directions to subordinates, makes decisions, and mobilizes employee support. Managers must be leaders at all levels of the organization; often lower-level managers look to top management for this leadership example. In the role of liaison, a manger must coordinate the work of others in different work units, establish alliances between others, and work to share resources. This role is particularly critical for middle managers, who must often compete with other managers for important resources, yet must maintain successful working relationships with them for long time periods. INFORMATIONAL ROLES. Informational roles are those in which managers obtain and transmit information. These roles have changed dramatically as technology has improved. The monitor evaluates the performance of others and takes corrective action to improve that performance. Monitors also watch for changes in the environment and within the company that may affect individual and organizational performance. Monitoring occurs at all levels of management, although managers at higher levels of the organization are more likely to monitor external threats to the environment than are middle or first-line managers. The role of disseminator requires that managers inform employees of changes that affect them and the organization. They also communicate the company's vision and purpose. Managers at each level disseminate information to those below them, and much information of this nature trickles from the top down. Finally, a spokesperson communicates with the external environment, from advertising the company's goods and services, to informing the community about the direction of the organization. The spokesperson for major announcements, such as a

change in strategic direction, is likely to be a top manager. But, other, more routine information may be provided by a manager at any level of a company. For example, a middle manager may give a press release to a local newspaper, or a supervisor manager may give a presentation at a community meeting.

WIPRO COMPANY PROFILE Wipro Technologies is the No.1 provider of integrated business, technology and process solutions on a global delivery platform. Wipro Technologies is a global services provider delivering technology-driven business solutions that meet the strategic objectives of our clients. Wipro has 40+ Centers of Excellence that create solutions around specific needs of industries. Wipro delivers unmatched business value to customers through a combination of process excellence, quality frameworks and service delivery innovation. Wipro is the World's first CMMi Level 5 certified software services company and the first outside USA to receive the IEEE Software Process Award. Wipros complete range of IT Services addresses the needs of both technology and business requirements to help organizations leverage leading-edge technologies for business improvement. Wipro takes charge of the IT needs of the entire enterprise. The gamut of services extends from Enterprise Application Services (CRM, ERP, e-Procurement and SCM), to e-Business solutions. Wipros enterprise solutions have served and continue to serve clients from a range of industries including Energy and Utilities, Finance, Telecom, and Media and Entertainment. Wipros TIS is the largest Indian IT infrastructure service provider Wipros Technology Infrastructure Services (TIS) is the largest Indian IT infrastructure service provider in terms of revenue, people and customers with more than 200 customers in US, Europe, Japan and over 650 customers in India. It is powered by the expert skills of over 6,500 technical specialists and state-of-the-art BS 15000 certified infrastructure for operations support. A phased approach towards process standardization, process optimization and process reengineering. Wipro BPO provides a broad range of services from customer relationship management, back office transaction processing to industry-specific solutions. The key element of services delivery is an integrated approach towards providing increasing value over the entire course of our client relationships. This involves a phased approach towards process standardization, process

optimization and process re-engineering True value from technology requires an in-depth understanding of business strategy. Todays businesses need partners who can talk about strategy and technology in the same conversation. At Wipro, we believe true value from technology requires an in-depth understanding of business strategy.

OBSERVATION

Wipro is an IT sector in which hierarchy of management plays an important role. In the top level management the board of directors consisted of the CEO,MD,CHAIRMAN and the legal advisors handles the company.They take overall decisions.It includes determination of organizational goals and objectives.It maintains relationship with govt. trade

associations,suppliers,financial institutions etc. The middle level of management is consisted of marketing manager,HR manager,financial manager,operational manager etc.These are the head of departments in various heads.This level of management mainly motivate the employees and take care of their problems. Lower level managers are also called first-line managers or supervisors. These managers have job titles such as: Office manager, Shift supervisor, Department manager, Foreperson, Crew leader, Store manager.

SUGGESTION

The top level of management should describe briefly about their planning to all level of management and their employees. All level of management should make a meeting and take a decision by mutual agreement. They should motivate their employees by giving them fair reward and remuneration. There should be proper coordination between all level of management and they should not force the employees to do work within a given time apart from this they should give a project to finish within a reliable time.They should not give a job to a team rather than a single person.

CONCLUSION

It was concluded that Wipro after making a thorough groundwork is fully prepared to venture into the IT sector and add another leaf into its success story. They realize that the people are the face of the organization and will be a crucial factor for the success of their place.They have highly educated and talented personnel in their top level of management.They have employed experienced people in the middle level of management which is very crucial for the hierarchy and their roles.