Higher Nationals

Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)

INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS

Programme title BTEC HND in Computing

Ms Sumudu Samarakoon
Assessor Internal
Verifier
Unit: 6 Planning a Computing Project
Unit(s)
Planning a Project on the Big Data Technologies in achieving operational
efficiency
Assignment title

Student’s name
List which assessment Pass Merit Distinction
criteria the Assessor has
awarded.
INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

Do the assessment criteria awarded match

those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N

Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded

justified by the assessor’s comments on the
Y/N
student work?

Has the work been assessed Y/N

accurately?
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:
• Constructive? Y/N
• Linked to relevant assessment Y/N
criteria? Y/N
• Identifying opportunities for
Y/N
improved performance?
• Agreeing actions?
Does the assessment decision need Y/N
amending?

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature (if
required) Date

Confirm action completed

Remedial action taken
Give details:

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier
signature Date

Programme Leader
signature (if required) Date
 Higher Nationals – Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID

Unit Title Unit: 6 Planning a Computing Project

Assignment Number 1 Assessor

DateReceived1stsub
Submission Date
mission
DateReceived2ndsubmissio
Re-submission Date
n
Assessor Feedback:

LO1. Conduct small-scale research, information gathering and data collection to generate knowledge on an

identified subject

Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 P2 M1 D1

Descripts
LO2. Explore the features and business requirements of organisations in an identified sector

Pass, Merit & Distinction P3 P4 M2

Descripts

LO3. Produce project plans based on research of the chosen theme for an identified organisation

Pass, Merit & Distinction P5 M3

Descripts

LO4. Present your project recommendations and justifications of decisions made, based on research of the
identified theme and sector
Pass, Merit & Distinction P6 P7 P8 M4 D2
Descripts

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place
and grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.
Assignment Feedback
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor signature Date

Student signature Date

Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit: 6 Planning a Computing Project
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Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number

Unit Number and Title Unit: 6 Planning a Computing Project

Academic Year 2023/2024018

Unit Tutor

Assignment Title Planning a Project on the Big Data Technologies in achieving

operational efficiency

Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date Roshini Sembacuttiaratchy 28/08/2023

Submission Format:

The submission should be in the form of an individual report with the following sections.

Section 1: Project Management Plan

Section 2: Research report

Section 3: Action Plan

You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs, and subsections as appropriate, and
all work must be supported with research and referenced using Harvard referencing system.
Please provide in-text citation and a list of references using Harvard referencing system.

Please note that this is an individual assessment, and your report should include evidence to
that you have conducted a research to collect relevant data individually.
Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Conduct small-scale research, information gathering and data collection to generate
knowledge on an identified subject

LO2 Explore the features and business requirements of organisations in an identified sector.

LO3 Produce project plans based on research of the chosen theme for an identified organisation

LO4 Present your project recommendations and justifications of decisions made, based on research
of the identified theme and sector
Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Research Theme: Big Data

Research Topic: The impact of the application of Big Data Technologies in operational efficiency

in a range of academic, scientific and economic areas.

“Big data is a term that has become more and more common over the last decade. It was originally
defined as data that is generated in incredibly large volumes, such as internet search queries, data
from weather sensors or information posted on social media. Today big data has also come to
represent large amounts of information generated from multiple sources that cannot be processed
in a conventional way and that cannot be processed by humans without some form of
computational intervention. Big data can be stored in several ways: Structured, whereby the data is
organised into some form of relational format, unstructured, where data is held as raw,
unorganised data prior to turning into a structured form, or semi-structured where the data will
have some key definitions or structural form, but is still held in a format that does not conform to
standard data storage models. Many systems and organisations now generate massive quantities of
big data on a daily basis, with some of this data being made publicly available to other systems for
analysis and processing. The generation of such large amounts of data has necessitated the
development of machine learning systems that can sift through the data to rapidly identify
patterns, to answer questions or to solve problems. As these new systems continue to be
developed and refined, a new discipline of data science analytics has evolved to help design, build
and test these new machine learning and artificial intelligence systems. Utilising Big Data requires a
range of knowledge and skills across a broad spectrum of areas and consequently opens
opportunities to organizations that were not previously accessible. The ability to store and process
large quantities of data from multiple sources has meant that organisations and businesses are able
to get a larger overall picture of the pattern of global trends in the data to allow them to make
more accurate and up to date decisions. Such data can be used to identify potential business risks
earlier and to make sure that costs are minimized without compromising on innovation. However,
the rapid application and use of Big Data has raised several concerns. The storage of such large
amounts of data means that security concerns need to be addressed in case the data is
compromised or altered in such a way to make the interpretation erroneous. In addition, the
ethical issues of the storage of personal data from multiple sources have yet to be addressed, as
well as any sustainability concerns in the energy requirements of large data warehouses and lakes”.
(Pearson, 2023)

Assignment Scenario

You are expected to carry out a small-scale research project in order to explore the “impact of the
application of Big Data Technologies in operational efficiency in a range of academic, scientific
and economic areas” from the standpoint of a computing professional or a data scientist. The
research that you carry out can be based on an organization / organization, a field, a case study, a
scenario, etc. that you have access to gather sufficient information to investigate the applications,
benefits and limitations of Big Data technologies.

The findings of the research should be presented in a professionally compiled report and the report
should cover the given tasks including,

 A comprehensive project plan - including a work, time and resource allocation/ breakdown
using appropriate tools. A business area analysis Including the features and operational
areas of the business and the role of stakeholders and their impact on the success of the
business.
 A research paper - including application and evaluation of quantitative and qualitative
research methods to generate relevant primary data and examination of secondary sources
to collect relevant secondary data and information.
 An Action plan – including recommendations and evaluation of project outcomes
comparing the decisions given in the project plan.
TASK – 01 and 02 : Project Management Plan

Task 1

1.1. Select an organization/ organization, a field, a case study or a scenario of your choice that
allows you to explore and study the relevant data of the application of Big data technologies.
Plan a small-scale research project on the impact of the application of big data technologies in
operational efficiency.

Provide an introduction and background to your project and the chosen organization / field or
the scenario . Define the scope and devise aims /objectives of the project that you are going
to carry out. You also should include risks and benefits of exploring the impact of big data
technologies of the chosen organization/s or the field.

1.2. Produce a comprehensive project plan including the following.

 Cost, scope, time, quality, communication, risk, and resources management plan.
 Comprehensive Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) with clearly defined activities and
milestones.
 Gantt chart to illustrate project schedule with realistic time allocated for each activity and
 clearly defined deadlines for milestones.

TASK – 02

Discuss the features and operational areas of the chosen organization/s , the role and the impact of
stakeholders for the success of the business. You also need analyse the challenges the
organization/s may face in achieving the success and meeting business objectives by applying big
data technologies to achieve operational efficiency.

TASK – 03: Research Report

Carry out the research to investigate the “impact of the application of big data technologies in
operational efficiency” and generate relevant primary data by applying appropriate qualitative and
quantitative research methods. You need to examine secondary sources to collect relevant
secondary data and information to support the research. You then need to analyse the data and
information and interpret the findings to generate knowledge on how the application of big data
technologies supports business requirements in the identified organization/s .

TASK – 04: Action Plan

4.1 Communicate appropriate project recommendations derived from the research data
analyzed for technical and non-technical audiences and assess the extent to which
the project recommendations meet the needs of the chosen organization/s.
4.2 Discuss the reliability, accuracy, and the appropriateness of the research methods
applied while arguing and evaluating the planning recommendations made in the
project plan comparing them to the actual outcomes and the need of the chosen
organization/s.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

On This Occasion, I Would Like To Express My Gratitude To My Teacher Who

Guided Me Through A Difficult Journey To Victory, My Friends Who Were With
Me To Bring Happiness To My Tired Mind, And My Parents Who Shared My
Sorrows And Joys.
Contents
ACTIVITY 01..................................................................................................................................22
ABOUT BIG DATA.....................................................................................................................22
Types Of Big Data..................................................................................................................22
HISTORY OF SOCIALSPHERE COMPANY....................................................................................24
BACKGROUND OF SOCIALSPHERE COMPANY...........................................................................25
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIALSPHERE COMPANY.................................................26
Risks and benefits of exploring the impact of big data technologies............................................27
RISKS:........................................................................................................................................27
BENEFITS:..................................................................................................................................28
PRODUCT AND SERVICES..............................................................................................................29
About the human resources /Employees......................................................................................31
Key stakeholders and their impact on the success of a business..................................................32
Analyse the challenges to the success of a business in an identified sector.............................33
Project Management Benefits to the Project Manager................................................................34
Project Management Benefits to the company / industry...........................................................35
Impact of the application of Big Data Technologies in operational efficiency...............................36
About Project...........................................................................................................................37
project Management process for Learners...............................................................................37
Objectives of the project...........................................................................................................39
Scope of the project..................................................................................................................40
Key deliverables of the project......................................................................................................42
Assumptions / Constraints / Limitations of the project.................................................................43
Assumptions..............................................................................................................................43
Constraints:...............................................................................................................................44
Limitations:...............................................................................................................................44
Risk identification..........................................................................................................................45
Risk Management Plan with Risk Prevention mechanism and Risk Monitoring........................45
Project organization structure......................................................................................................46
Project Sponsor:........................................................................................................................46
Project Manager:.......................................................................................................................47
Cross-Functional Teams:...........................................................................................................47
Product Development Team:....................................................................................................47
Marketing and Communications Team:....................................................................................47
 Quality Assurance (QA) Team:..................................................................................................48
User Experience (UX) Team:......................................................................................................48
Advisory Board:.........................................................................................................................48
Project Sponsor.............................................................................................................................48
Roles and responsibilities of the Project Manager........................................................................49
Roles and responsibilities of the Project Team.............................................................................49
Manager....................................................................................................................................49
Research team member............................................................................................................49
Advisor......................................................................................................................................50
Sponsor.....................................................................................................................................50
Ethical consideration adviser....................................................................................................50
Work Breakdown Structure...........................................................................................................50
Work Breakdown Dictionary.........................................................................................................52
Milestone Chart............................................................................................................................56
Budget Plan of the Project............................................................................................................57
Gantt Chart....................................................................................................................................59
Network Diagaram........................................................................................................................60
Proposed Project Control Mechanism..........................................................................................61
Proposed Quality Control Mechanism with Quality standards.....................................................62
Quality Control..........................................................................................................................62
Key aspects of quality Control...............................................................................................62
Quality control mechanism.......................................................................................................63
Quality control......................................................................................................................63
Quality Planning....................................................................................................................64
Quality Assurance..................................................................................................................64
Quality control......................................................................................................................65
Continuous Improvements....................................................................................................65
Peer Assessment...................................................................................................................65
Acceptance Criteria...............................................................................................................66
Quality Checklists..................................................................................................................66
Quality Preparation...............................................................................................................66
TASK 03.........................................................................................................................................67
Background of the research......................................................................................................67
Significance of the research......................................................................................................68
Objectives of the research........................................................................................................69
Constraints................................................................................................................................71
 Limitations.................................................................................................................................72
Literature Review..........................................................................................................................74
Concept.....................................................................................................................................74
Industry/ Concept.....................................................................................................................75
Benefits.....................................................................................................................................75
Challengers................................................................................................................................75
Research Approach.......................................................................................................................76
Qualitative research..................................................................................................................76
Qualitative research methods...............................................................................................77
Quantitative research................................................................................................................80
Quantitative research Methods............................................................................................80
Selected qualitative and quantitative research methods..............................................................83
Qualitative Research Methods..................................................................................................83
Quantitative Research Methods................................................................................................83
Population and Sample size..........................................................................................................84
Type of Data..................................................................................................................................85
Primary Data.............................................................................................................................85
Secondary Data.........................................................................................................................86
Diffrence Between Primary Data VS Secondary Data.........................................................87
Data collection and Data Analysis.................................................................................................87
Data collection Method.............................................................................................................87
Surveys and Questionnaires..................................................................................................88
Interviews..............................................................................................................................89
Observations.........................................................................................................................89
Experiment............................................................................................................................89
Data Collection Tools....................................................................................................................90
Interviews.................................................................................................................................91
Observation...............................................................................................................................91
Usage Data................................................................................................................................91
Focus Groups.............................................................................................................................92
Data Analysis tools........................................................................................................................92
Tableau......................................................................................................................................93
KNIME.......................................................................................................................................94
Excel..........................................................................................................................................95
Apache Spark............................................................................................................................95
Ethical Consideration....................................................................................................................97
Roles of a Researchers..................................................................................................................97
CHAPTER 4....................................................................................................................................99
Data Analysis and Conclusion....................................................................................................99
Question List of Interviews Conduct to gather the data...............................................................99
Feedback Form............................................................................................................................101
Respondent Demographic Analysis.............................................................................................102
Task 4..........................................................................................................................................110
Action Plan..................................................................................................................................110
Non -Technical Audience.........................................................................................................111
Technical Audience.................................................................................................................112
Amendment of the budget..........................................................................................................113
Tracking Gantts Chart..................................................................................................................114
Recommendation........................................................................................................................114
Technical Audience.................................................................................................................114
Non - Technical Audience........................................................................................................115
Benefits to Company/ Industry...................................................................................................115
Benefits to Company...............................................................................................................115
Benefits to Industry.................................................................................................................116
Accuracy and reliability of the different research methods applied...........................................117
Interviews...............................................................................................................................117
Accuracy..............................................................................................................................117
Reliability.............................................................................................................................117
Questionnaires........................................................................................................................118
Accuracy..............................................................................................................................118
Reliability.............................................................................................................................118
Ways to increase Validity, Reliability and Accuracy....................................................................118
Interviews...............................................................................................................................119
Questionnaires........................................................................................................................119
Limitations and Future research Suggestions..............................................................................120
Future Suggestions..................................................................................................................120
Limitations...............................................................................................................................121
Annexures/ Appendixes..............................................................................................................122
Project Charter........................................................................................................................122
Interview Question list / Questionnaire..................................................................................123
Feedback Form & Responds....................................................................................................124
Figure 1 big data (CEPERO, 2019)...............................................................................................24
Figure 2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE author develop...........................................................27
Figure 3 gantt chart author develop..............................................................................................59
Figure 4 network diagram Author develop..................................................................................60
Figure 5 Qualitative research methods (BHANDRI, 2020)......................................................77
Figure 6 Quantitative research. (BHAT, 2019)......................................................................80
Figure 7 Survey Research (BHAT, 2019)...................................................................................81
Figure 8 Probability Sampling (BHAT, 2019).............................................................................82
Figure 9 Data collection Method (BHAT, 2019)..........................................................................88
Figure 10 Data Collection Tools (BHAT, 2019).........................................................................90
Figure 11 Data Analysis tools (TAWDE, 2023).........................................................................93
Figure 12 Tableau (KWADYE, 2022).......................................................................................94
Figure 13 Excel (ROSENBERG, 2022).........................................................................................95
Figure 14 Apache Spark(R, 2023)................................................................................................96
Figure 15 feed back form 1 author develop...............................................................................101
Figure 16 feed back form 2 author develop................................................................................101
Figure 17 Feedback form 3 author develop...............................................................................102
Figure 18 feedback form 4 author develop...............................................................................102
Figure 19 feedback form 5 author develop................................................................................103
Figure 20 feedback form 6 author develop................................................................................103
Figure 21 summery 1 author develop.........................................................................................104
Figure 22 summery 2 author develop.......................................................................................105
Figure 23 summery 3 author develop.......................................................................................106
Figure 24 summery 4 author develop.......................................................................................106
Figure 25 summery 5 author develop.......................................................................................107
Figure 26 summery 6 author develop.......................................................................................108
Figure 27 summery 7 author develop.......................................................................................108
Figure 28 summery 8 author develop.......................................................................................109
Figure 29 summery 9 author develop.......................................................................................109
Figure 30 summery 10 author develop.....................................................................................110

Table of Figure

Table 1 Risk managemnt...............................................................................................................46

Table 2 Mileston chart.................................................................................................................57
Table 3 budget plan......................................................................................................................58
Table 4 different between primary and secondery data...............................................................87
Table 5 Project Charter..............................................................................................................123
ACTIVITY 01

ABOUT BIG DATA

Big data basically refers to large, intricate datasets that are mostly obtained from newly
developed data channels. These datasets are so large that they are difficult for traditional
data processing technologies to manage efficiently. Big data is defined as information that
is characterized by three key factors: its substantial volume, its velocity (the speed at
which it is created and gathered), and the variety of data points it covers (also known as
the "three v's" of big data). Big data is produced by data mining activities and can take
many different forms."Big data" is a self-explanatory word that refers to extremely large
datasets that are difficult to process using conventional computing methods. The phrase
encompasses more than simply the data itself; it also refers to the structures, instruments,
and methods necessary for managing it. For industry stakeholders, the continued
advancement of technology and the emergence of new channels of communication like
social networking pose challenges. They need to come up with creative solutions to deal
with the enormous volume and complexity of data produced in the current digital world.
(PRIYADHARSHANI, 2023)

Types Of Big Data

 Structured
 Unstructured
 Semi-structured

STRUCTURED
Highly organized information is kept in predetermined formats, such as relational
databases or spreadsheets, and is referred to as structured data. Every component adheres
to a particular data type and fits into predefined fields. Consistency and uniformity are
essential qualities that make querying and analysis simple. Computer science has
produced methods for handling structured data well, but as datasets become larger—up to
several zettabytes—problems start to appear.

UNSTRUCTURED

Information lacking a predetermined structure is referred to as unstructured data, which

presents difficulties for conventional processing. It has a variety of content, including
pictures, videos, and text. NLP, NLU, and computer vision are examples of advanced AI
methods needed to extract insights from unstructured data. Large volumes of
unstructured data are gathered by modern businesses, which presents potential but also
calls for advanced techniques to reveal relevant patterns. Unstructured data is abundant,
but to extract value from it, you need tools that can comprehend relationships and
context across different kinds of data. Companies concentrate on revealing latent
potential through the utilization of cutting-edge technologies to derive significant
insights from their unorganized data assets. (TAYLOR, 2023)

SEMI-STRUCTURED

Data that is partially structured combines elements of both structured and unstructured
data. It doesn't have a set schema, in contrast to properly structured data in typical
databases. Rather, it takes on a portion of the hierarchical structure found in XML and
JSON forms. Timestamped sensor data, log files, and metadata are a few examples. It
seems structured, but is flexible enough not to follow table definitions rigidly. For
example, information in an XML file is arranged hierarchically, but it is not constrained
by the strict framework of fully structured databases. Semi-structured data is ideal in
scenarios where formats may alter or differ because of its versatility.
FIGURE 1 BIG DATA (CEPERO, 2019)

HISTORY OF SOCIALSPHERE COMPANY

A visionary entrepreneur set out to reimagine social connections at the dawn of the 21st
century, and he created a platform that has the potential to completely transform the
online interaction space. This was the beginning of the SocialSphere company's history,
when creative concepts were first planted, laying the groundwork for the company's
eventual development.

Founded in 2021, SocialSphere is a dynamic social media enterprise committed to

fostering significant relationships within the ever-evolving digital environment. The
founders of SocialSphere took inspiration from the successes of well-known social media
companies to build a platform that values user privacy, inclusion, and cutting-edge
features in addition to connecting people globally.
When SocialSphere first launched, it made waves by offering a fresh perspective on
social media. The company swiftly adjusted, differentiating itself with a user-centric
strategy and a commitment to staying on the cutting edge of technology improvements.
The platform had a swift evolution, integrating state-of-the-art functionalities catering to a
diverse range of user preferences, including immersive virtual experiences, multimedia
sharing, and real-time communication.

The SocialSphere company grew and faced obstacles as well as opportunities as it

adapted to the ever-changing digital landscape. Technological advancements, strategic
alliances, and a dedicated group of developers and designers drove the company's growth.
Most importantly, customer feedback was crucial in helping the business improve its
interface, bolster security protocols, and add cutting-edge technologies.

As it has grown, SocialSphere has come to be associated with entertainment, social

interaction, and building relationships with friends, family, and the international
community. The platform's popularity transcends national boundaries as well as linguistic
and cultural divides to confirm its status as a worldwide phenomenon.

In the tech industry today, the SocialSphere company is a shining example of

inventiveness and perseverance. With a large user base and an extensive feature set, it still
has an impact on how people interact, communicate, and utilize the internet. Looking to
the future, SocialSphere's commitment to creating a safe, entertaining, and welcoming
online community is unwavering, guaranteeing that the next chapters in its history will be
every bit as innovative as the first.

BACKGROUND OF SOCIALSPHERE COMPANY

SocialSphere is a cutting-edge social media company that was founded in 2021 and is
dedicated to revolutionizing online relationships. SocialSphere prioritizes privacy,
security, and providing a flawless user experience in order to create a vibrant and
welcoming virtual community.

With an enthusiastic staff, the company set off on its innovative path, navigating the
constantly evolving digital terrain. Overcoming challenges, SocialSphere created a
feature-rich platform that includes multimedia sharing, real-time communication, and
immersive virtual experiences by utilizing cutting-edge technologies and user feedback.

Acknowledged for its forward-thinking methodology, tactical alliances, and proficient

workforce, SocialSphere expeditiously established itself as a reliable worldwide center
for interpersonal communication. With millions of members, it goes beyond simple
online friendships and promotes a feeling of global community and shared experiences.

As SocialSphere develops, its story will always be one of creativity, tenacity, and an
unrelenting dedication to providing a safe and engaging online environment for people all
over the world.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIALSPHERE COMPANY

SocialSphere features a dynamic and intricate organizational setup, embodying a diverse

matrix design. At its foundation lies a horizontal organizational framework, streamlined
by Ceo, I. BANDARA and key executives to ensure a direct and efficient chain of
command. This model is complemented by function-based teams strategically aligned
with core corporate functions like HR, product management, and investor relations. This
combination allows SocialSphere to smoothly incorporate diverse business elements,
promoting collaboration and innovation across various facets of the company. The
outcome is an agile and adaptable organizational structure that aligns with the company's
dedication to remaining at the forefront of the constantly evolving social media
landscape.

FIGURE 2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AUTHOR DEVELOP

Risks and benefits of exploring the impact of big data technologies

RISKS:

Privacy Concerns: Privacy is a major concern when big data technologies are integrated
into social media applications. Extensive user data gathering and analysis carry the risk of
security breaches or misuse, endangering user confidence and attracting regulatory notice.
Security Vulnerabilities : For SocialSphere, the expanding volume of data raises
security issues. Strong cybersecurity measures must be put in place to protect against data
breaches, unauthorized access, and other cyber threats endangering user information.

Ethical Issues: Big data's extensive use could lead to a number of ethical problems, such
as unintentional manipulation of user behavior, discriminatory behaviors, or biases in
algorithms. A harmonious balance between innovation and ethical issues must be struck.

Data Accuracy and Quality : The veracity of the underlying data is what determines
how effective big data is. Inaccurate or poor-quality data collection might result in
weakened analytics and poorly thought out business decisions.

BENEFITS:

Enhanced User Engagement: SocialSphere gains a deeper understanding of user

behavior through the use of big data analytics. This comprehension facilitates the delivery
of tailored content recommendations, focused advertising, and an enhanced user
experience in general.

Optimized Marketing Strategies: By identifying patterns, inclinations, and areas in

need of development, SocialSphere may improve its marketing strategies by analyzing
large datasets. The creation of more effective and precisely targeted advertising
campaigns may result from this technique.

Improved Decision-Making: SocialSphere is able to make data-driven decisions

because big data offers insightful information that empowers decision-makers inside the
company. This includes making well-informed and strategic judgments on product
development and the creation of user engagement initiatives.
 Operational Efficiency: Big data technologies increase overall operational
effectiveness, automate routine operations, and optimize internal processes. This makes
it possible for SocialSphere to focus on strategic goals and deploy resources effectively.

PRODUCT AND SERVICES

 SocialSphere Platform:

The main feature of SocialSphere is its robust social networking platform, which offers
users an easy-to-use and entertaining way to stay in touch with friends, post updates, and
engage with a range of material.

 Profile Management:

Users of SocialSphere are able to create and manage customized profiles that dynamically
present their connections, hobbies, and activities in an interesting and eye-catching way.

 News Feed:

A central feed within SocialSphere collects content from users' networks to provide a
constant stream of postings, updates, and multimedia content.

 Friend Connections:
Within SocialSphere, users can connect with friends, family, and acquaintances to build a
network that forms the foundation for their social interactions.

 Multimedia Sharing:

SocialSphere allows users to share a wide range of multimedia content, such as images,
videos, and status updates, effortlessly showcasing their creativity.

 Messenger:

Through voice calls, video chats, and instant messaging, the SocialSphere Messenger
service enables users to communicate instantly, encouraging direct and in-the-moment
engagement.

 Events and Groups:

SocialSphere facilitates the creation and participation in events and groups by offering
tools for users to interact through shared interests, pastimes, and activities.

 Marketplace:

With the help of a marketplace function built into SocialSphere, users may conduct
transactions and create a virtual marketplace inside the social media network.

 Business Pages:
Businesses and organizations can create dedicated pages on SocialSphere, which opens
up possibilities for community building, consumer interaction, and brand marketing.

 Advertising Solutions:

SocialSphere provides companies with highly focused advertising options that make use
of data analytics to maximize ad placement and guarantee successful interaction with the
target market.

About the human resources /Employees.

At SocialSphere, our group of dedicated and varied individuals is our most valuable
asset. When combined, they add to the life and success of our social media network. We
are committed to fostering an energetic and welcoming work environment, standing in
solidarity with sector pioneers like SocialSphere that place a premium on their human
capital.

Our HR strategy seeks to attract, retain, and develop elite talent in the rapidly evolving
technology sector. In addition to technical proficiency, the hiring process gives weight to
a candidate's commitment to innovation and delivering a satisfying user experience. We
provide an environment where workers are inspired to think creatively, push boundaries,
and share their unique perspectives in order to shape the direction of social networking.

Understanding the significance of attaining a harmonious work-life balance, SocialSphere

is committed to enhancing employee well-being by offering targeted programs, chances
for career advancement, and a cooperative work environment. We firmly believe that
attaining our objectives and preserving our standing as a leading player in the social
media sector depend greatly on having a contented and driven team.
Key stakeholders and their impact on the success of a business

 Users: The core of SocialSphere's success is its user base. User involvement, loyalty,
and contentment have a direct impact on the platform's growth and popularity. To
guarantee long-term success, it is essential to understand customer expectations and
deliver a satisfying experience.

 Advertisers: The majority of SocialSphere's income comes from advertising

contributions. The platform's extensive and highly engaged user community further
adds to its appeal to advertisers searching for effective ways to reach their target
audience. The characteristics and actions of the user base have a direct impact on the
efficacy of advertising efforts.

 Developers and Content Creators: The app developers and content creators that
make up the SocialSphere platform's creative community play a major role in its
appeal. The implementation of novel ideas, compelling functionalities, and diverse
material is crucial for drawing in new users and keeping existing ones interested,
which in turn affects the company's overall performance.

 Investors: Financial support from investors and stakeholders powers SocialSphere's

innovation, growth, and infrastructure improvements. The confidence and support of
the company's investor base is crucial to its strategic choices and financial stability.

 Employees: SocialSphere views its own employees as a vital resource. Employee

happiness, output, and creative contributions are directly related to how well the
business responds to changes in the market, develops new products, and maintains a
positive corporate culture.

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 Partnerships: SocialSphere grows as a result of successful partnerships with media
companies, technological partners, and strategic alliances. These collaborations
improve the platform by adding new features, increasing its functionality, and
expanding its user base. In the end, they have a significant impact on the company's
performance.

Analyse the challenges to the success of a business in an identified sector

 Data Privacy Concerns

One of the main challenges is navigating the complicated landscape of data privacy
legislation. A significant challenge is striking a careful balance between protecting user
privacy and using big data for insights, especially in light of new laws like GDPR.

 Security Threats

Due to their massive user data, social media businesses are attractive targets for hackers.
Strong cybersecurity measures must be put in place to guard against data breaches and
unauthorized access.

 Global Market Dynamics

Managing a worldwide market involves obstacles related to cultural disparities, varied

consumer inclinations, and geopolitical elements. Careful and deliberate thought must go
into adapting strategies to suit different markets and regulatory environments.

 Technological Advancements

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It is essential to stay up to date with the rapid changes in technology. Adopting and
integrating the newest technology, such as developments in big data analytics and
artificial intelligence, is essential to staying competitive.

 User Engagement and Retention

It's difficult to keep users engaged and to maintain a user base in a cutthroat market. In
order to tailor services and content and guarantee user engagement, big data analytics
must be used to understand user behavior.

Project Management Benefits to the Project Manager

Manage Budgets and Timelines: Project managers are essential to businesses because
they negotiate budgets and schedules with teams, management, and important
stakeholders. Without a strong project manager, a project could run over budget and
experience delays.

Improve Productivity and Overall Work: Productivity in project management is

assessed by looking at the connection between the end product and the related time or
cost. Having a project manager has several benefits, such as increasing productivity by
setting clear objectives, informing the team and stakeholders of the project's scope, and
maintaining constant communication.

Mitigate Project Risks: Any scenario that could have an impact on the project, whether
favorable or unfavorable, is considered a risk. A project manager uses a five-step process
to strategically create an organized plan for handling project risks.

 Identify the risks.

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  Analyze the potential impact of the risks.
 Assign the priority to each risk like high, medium, and low, and handle it
accordingly.
 Plan to mitigate the risks.
 Monitor the risks continuously.

Improve Relationship with Stakeholders: In order to improve connections amongst

stakeholders and encourage their participation in the project, a project manager creates a
plan for stakeholder engagement.

Project Management Benefits to the company / industry

 Optimizing productivity by streamlining procedures guarantees timely and

economical project completion while optimizing resource use.

 Effective Resource Allocation: Each project is ensured to have the resources it

needs to be carried out successfully by carefully allocating human, financial, and
technology resources.

 Risk management: Reducing the likelihood of project failure by identifying and

resolving any risks early on minimizes negative impacts on the industry.

 Effective Communication: Making clear channels of communication a top

priority ensures that all parties involved are informed of project updates, changes,
and difficulties, which fosters understanding and cooperation.

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  Quality Assurance: We ensure that deliverables not only meet but exceed
industry standards by integrating quality assurance methods, which enhances
SocialSphere's reputation.

 Expense management: Carefully monitoring expenses and implementing

spending controls improves the effective use of funds, preventing budget overruns
for continued long-term sustainability.

Impact of the application of Big Data Technologies in operational efficiency

The integration of Big Data Technologies is a noteworthy development in the dynamic

field of SocialSphere, akin to the revolutionary effects witnessed in prominent social
media companies like another social media firm. Big Data technologies are being used by
SocialSphere to significantly increase operational efficiency in a number of platform
areas. This includes anything from adopting targeted advertising and using predictive
analytics for trend predictions to improving personalized user experiences and
streamlining content delivery. Big Data gives SocialSphere the ability to proactively
handle issues, quickly respond to user requests in real-time, and optimize internal
operations. By utilizing Big Data's scalable solutions, SocialSphere is able to manage
resources more effectively, guarantee dependable service, and make data-driven decisions
that propel the firm to the forefront of the social media industry by providing an
unmatched and always improving user experience.

About Project

An inventive foray into social media, SocialSphere presents itself as a vibrant,

progressive platform that might completely transform digital connectivity. This

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innovative concept seeks to go above and beyond the status quo by offering consumers an
unparalleled, frictionless, and enriching social experience, drawing influence from
established models such as Facebook. SocialSphere adheres to the same core values that
have helped the world's most popular social media platforms become worldwide leaders
in the fields of user engagement, privacy, and the integration of innovative features. The
initiative sees itself as more than just a platform; it is a worldwide center where people
can interact meaningfully, share a variety of content, and actively engage in community
building. SocialSphere is a company that is committed to innovation and user-centric
design. It aims to make a name for itself by helping to shape the social media landscape
and learning from the big players in the field. As it sets off on this revolutionary
adventure, SocialSphere aims to usher in a new era of digital engagement by offering a
novel viewpoint on how people interact and connect online.

project Management process for Learners

 Initiation:

Set Goals: Clearly state the purposes and benefits of SocialSphere.

Identify Stakeholders: Include internal teams, investors, and users in the process.

 Planning:

Detail the project charter by outlining the project's extent, financial allocation, timeline,
and key stakeholders, including pertinent information on scope, budget, schedule, and
project participants.

Task Breakdown: Break the project down into manageable parts.

 Risk Management:

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Assess Risks: Identify potential roadblocks.

Develop strategies to mitigate risks.

 Execution:

Team Building: Assemble people with a variety of backgrounds and specialties into
groups.

Adopt an agile development methodology for your approach.

Status Meetings: Call frequent meetings to plan, address challenges, and celebrate
accomplishments.

 Monitoring and Control:

Ongoing Surveillance: Employ tools for continuous monitoring.

Change Management: Oversee modifications to the project's scope.

 Communication Management:

Create a communication plan outlining a particular technique to encourage openness.

Regular Updates: Make sure all relevant parties are informed.

 Quality Assurance

Set Standards: Clearly state the expected standards of quality.

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Perform regular audits to ensure quality standards are met.

 Continuous Improvement:

Post-Implementation Evaluation: Evaluate the project's performance.

Objectives of the project

 User-Centric Platform Development:

Create an engaging and user-friendly social media platform that prioritizes user
requirements and preferences in order to foster a welcoming and upbeat online
community.

 Incorporate cutting-edge features to set SocialSphere apart in the crowded social

media space. These developments ought to improve user experience, encourage
interaction, and keep up with the rapidly evolving digital trends.

 Scalability and Performance:

Prioritize scalability when creating the platform to ensure that it can easily accommodate
a growing user base. Boost efficiency to offer a dependable and responsive user
experience even at peak usage times.

 Personalized Content Delivery:

By utilizing sophisticated algorithms and data analytics, you may tailor the way material
is delivered to viewers, giving them more engaging and interest-relevant feeds and
tailored suggestions.

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  User Engagement and Community Building

Establish a sense of community by encouraging user involvement, dialogue, and

teamwork. Include elements that increase user interaction and strengthen the platform's
social cohesiveness.

 Cross-Platform Integration:

Enable seamless integration with various digital platforms and technologies to expand the
platform's accessibility by allowing users to interact with SocialSphere on a variety of
devices and interfaces.

Scope of the project

Platform Development:

 Design and development of the SocialSphere platform, including profiles, user

interfaces, and interactive features.
 Incorporating state-of-the-art features like instant chat, multimedia sharing, and
creative content delivery techniques.

User Experience Enhancement:

 Application of user-centered design principles to enhance the general user

experience.
 Features that allow for customization to ensure that each user has a unique
experience, such as content recommendations.

Mobile Application:

 Developing a mobile application for the iOS and Android operating systems in
order to increase SocialSphere's reach to a wider range of users.

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Big Data Integration:

 Instantaneous insights can be obtained by real-time analysis of user behavior and

preferences through the integration of Big Data technologies.
 Predictive analytics is being used to forecast patterns and increase platform
agility.

Advertising and Monetization:

 Utilizing an advertising framework to present customized and individualized

advertisements.
 Research into different revenue streams, like adding premium features and
establishing strategic alliances.

Community Building Features:

 Including elements that support the development of communities by fostering

communication and cooperation among users.

Continuous Improvement and Innovation:

 Putting in place mechanisms for user feedback and making incremental changes
guided by user observations.
 Promoting an innovative atmosphere within the development team in order to stay
on the cutting edge of developments in the industry.

Regulatory Compliance

 Adherence to relevant privacy, content, and data protection laws.

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  Putting in place mechanisms to react swiftly to shifting regulatory requirements.

Key deliverables of the project

 Make a comprehensive project charter that outlines the main goals, the project's
scope, the stakeholders, and the justification for using big data to analyze social
media firms.

 Write a report on the identification and analysis of the various project

stakeholders, including developers, decision-makers, end users, and data
scientists. To provide readers a thorough grasp of their involvement and
contributions, clearly define each person's function, interests, and potential effects
on the project.

 Conduct a thorough risk assessment with regard to security, privacy, and

regulatory compliance. Throughout the project, note hazards that have been found
and offer ways for mitigating them to effectively handle these obstacles.

 Create and record protocols that describe the steps involved in gathering data,
including the sources, techniques, and ethical issues. This ensures that relevant
data for the research study will be collected in an orderly and methodical manner.

 Make a document detailing the technology used for analytics, processing, and data
storage, paying particular attention to important factors like efficiency and
scalability. Emphasize the reasoning behind each technological decision, making
sure the tools chosen are compatible with the project's specifications and flexible
enough to adjust as needed. The goal of this document is to give a concise
overview of the technological underpinnings, guaranteeing top performance and
adaptability in data management over the course of the project.

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Assumptions / Constraints / Limitations of the project

Assumptions

 User Adoption:

Users are expected to adopt the SocialSphere platform with ease. Even when an interface
is designed with aesthetics and usability in mind, market conditions and competition can
affect how well-received it is by users.

 Technology Stability:

The initiative is predicated on the idea of a stable technology landscape. However, the
planned development and implementation timescale may be impacted by unforeseen
technology developments or disruptions.

 Market Trends:

The project's objectives are assumed to be in line with anticipated market trends.
Unexpected developments in the social media landscape or abrupt changes in user
preferences could have an impact on the project's success.

Constraints:

 Budgetary Constraints:

The project operates within pre-established financial constraints. The scope or scale of
particular project components may be limited by any unanticipated increase in costs or
unanticipated expenses.

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  Timeline Constraints:

The project adheres to a set timeline. Unexpected occurrences, such technical problems or
outside influences, could affect how quickly project milestones are completed.

 Technological Dependencies:

SocialSphere depends on a variety of third-party connectors and technologies. The

project's progress may be hampered by issues brought on by these dependencies, such as
changes to third-party APIs or service outages.

Limitations:

 Data Accuracy:

While every effort will be made to ensure that the collected and analyzed data is accurate,
errors in user input or insufficient datasets may lead to problems with data accuracy.

 Security Risks:

Although the project has put strong security measures in place, it is aware of the inherent
risks related to cybersecurity. Unforeseen security breaches or threats may reduce the
project's ability to protect user data effectively.

Risk identification

 Increased data collecting and processing could put users' security and privacy at
risk, through things like unintended exposure of personal information, data
breaches, and illegal access..

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  Problems like compatibility problems and technological difficulties might cause
problems when using Big Data technology, which could make the adoption
process more difficult.

 The adoption of new technology by stakeholders may be impeded, which may

affect the acceptance and efficient application of Big Data solutions.

 Budget overruns may result from unforeseen costs associated with technology
purchases, training, and infrastructure upgrades.

 Staff members' limited exposure to and comprehension of Big Data analytics

technologies may limit the technology's efficacy.

 There may be legal repercussions for amending or disobeying data protection

regulations.

Risk Management Plan with Risk Prevention mechanism and Risk Monitoring

Risk Prevention Mechanism Monitoring

To protect sensitive data, Conduct penetration tests

put in place secure access and security audits on a
controls and robust regular basis to find any
Data Privacy encryption procedures. possible vulnerabilities.

Ensure that project Monitor and assess

compliance is followed changes to regulations on a
and stay up to date on regular basis to ensure
Regulatory Compliance relevant data protection ongoing compliance.

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 Risks regulations.

Throughout the data Maintain continuous

collecting phase, establish vigilance for data quality
benchmarks for data and take fast action to
Data Quality Risks quality and carry out address any problems
thorough validation. found.

. Thoroughly test and Keep an eye on technology

prototype the chosen performance during the
Technology Implementation
technologies in a implementation phase and
Risks
controlled setting before take quick action to
applying on a broad scale. address any unforeseen
problems that may come
up.

Implement backup and Conduct regular system

redundancy mechanisms assessments and modeling
TechnologyFailure
to protect important to identify potential weak
Contingency
technologies. points.

TABLE 1 RISK MANAGEMNT

Project organization structure

Project Sponsor:

Role:Executive leadership with overall project ownership.

Responsibilities: Offering strategic guidance, procuring resources, and guaranteeing

alignment with organizational objectives.

Project Manager:

Role : Leadership in charge of daily project implementation.

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Responsibilities : Planning, organizing, and coordinating project activities to ensure the
timely achievement of objectives and adherence to schedules.

Cross-Functional Teams:

Role : Teams tailored to meet specific project needs.

Responsibilities : Utilizing the specialized knowledge of many departments, such as

development, design, marketing, and data analytics, to complete assigned project
assignments.

Product Development Team:

Role: Engineers, developers, and designers focused on product features.

Responsibilities : Creating and incorporating cutting-edge features, guaranteeing

technical sustainability, and enhancing user experience.

Marketing and Communications Team:

Role : Specialists in marketing, PR, and communications.

Responsibilities: Creating and carrying out marketing plans, publicizing the project, and
making sure that people are effectively communicated with.

Quality Assurance (QA) Team:

Role : QA analysts and testers.

Responsibilities : Ensuring the functionality and usability of features, as well as finding

and reporting any defects, all contribute to the quality of the products.

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User Experience (UX) Team:

Role : Designers and usability experts.

Responsibilities : Creating user interfaces and guaranteeing intuitive design to enhance

the entire user experience.

Advisory Board:

Role : External experts in relevant fields.

Responsibilities : Offering strategic advice, insightful viewpoints, and guidance based on

industry expertise.

Project Sponsor

With ABC at the forefront and their innovative leadership in the social media business,
the initiative Sponsor plays a crucial role in the revolutionary SocialSphere initiative.
ABC, who has a strong background in brings a wealth of knowledge and strategic
insights to the project. In its capacity as Project Sponsor, ABC is committed to offering
the tools, direction, and assistance required to ensure the SocialSphere project is carried
out successfully. Maintaining a clear vision for SocialSphere's progress in the ever-
changing social media ecosystem and coordinating the project with the company's larger
goals are critical tasks for ABC's leadership. With ABC's extensive knowledge and
dedication, SocialSphere is well-positioned for growth and innovation in the cutthroat
world of social media.

Roles and responsibilities of the Project Manager

Within the dynamic realm of SocialSphere, where new ideas flourish, the Project
Manager is essential to managing the smooth execution of programs that are similar to
those found in large social media companies such as Facebook. The Project Manager is
responsible for ensuring the success of the project and has a wide range of tasks to

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perform. They carefully plan, organize, and carry out projects from start to finish,
creating clear objectives, deadlines, and deliverables.A key component of their role is
effective communication, which promotes collaboration among stakeholders and team
members. They also take on the duty of evaluating risks and putting mitigation plans into
place to make sure the project gets past any obstacles without incident. As project
requirements and scopes change constantly, the project manager must adapt their
approach to match the needs of a sector that is changing quickly. Under their direction,
SocialSphere's inventive energy is turned into tangible results, resulting in a platform that
appeals to users and demonstrates the company's commitment to quality.

Roles and responsibilities of the Project Team

Manager

 Oversight and management of the complete undertaking.

 Ensuring the project's timely and economical completion.
 Interacting with stakeholders and managing expectations in an effective manner.
 Making decisions and resolving issues.

Research team member

 Report Writing and analized

 Gathering the data and analyzing it.
 Collecting information that is relevant to the study.

Advisor

 Provide direction and knowledge about research methods.

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Sponsor

 makes ensuring the project is in line with the strategic objectives.

 The bank wants to support the project's goals and provide the resources that are
required.

Ethical consideration adviser

 supplying direction on moral issues all during the process.

 carrying out evaluations and analyses of ethical issues.
 ensuring adherence to relevant laws and regulations.

Work Breakdown Structure

1.Initiation Phase

1.1 Develop Project Charter

1.2 Conduct Stakeholder Analysis

2.Planning Phase

2.1 Define Project Objectives

2.2 Identify Stakeholders

2.3 Risk Assessment

2.4 Resource Planning

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2.5 Technology Selection

3.Execution Phase

3.1 Data Collection

3.1.1 Define Data Sources

3.1.2 Develop Data Collection Protocols

3.2 System Development

3.2.1 Choose Big Data Technologies

3.2.2 Implement Data Storage

3.2.3 Develop Data Processing Algorithms

3.2.4 Implement Analytics Solutions

3.3 Stakeholder Engagement

3.3.1 Establish Communication Channels

3.3.2 Conduct Stakeholder Meetings

4. Monitoring and Control Phase

4.1 Quality Control

4.1.1 Define Data Quality Metrics

4.1.2 Implement Quality Assurance Measures

4.2 Issue Resolution

4.2.1 Identify Issues and Discrepancies

4.2.2 Develop and Implement Resolution Strategies

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5.Closing Phase

5.1 Documentation

5.1.1 Compile Project Reports

5.1.2 Document Data Sources and Algorithms

5.2 Knowledge Transfer

5.2.1 Conduct Knowledge Sharing Sessions

5.2.2 Prepare Training Materials

Work Breakdown Dictionary

1. Initiation Phase

1.1 Project Kickoff

Call a kickoff meeting to present the project team, establish ground rules, and discuss the
main objectives of the endeavor.

1.2 Project Scope Definition

Define the research project's scope clearly, outlining the specific elements of social media
and big data to be examined.

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2. Planning Phase

2.1 Literature Review

Conduct a thorough analysis of the existing literature regarding the use of big data by
social media businesses, with a focus on initiatives that are similar to each other and
noteworthy findings.

2.2 Stakeholder Analysis

Determine and group stakeholders, including users of social media platforms, data
analysts, sponsors, and government agencies.

2.3 Research Objectives Definition

Clearly state the objectives of the research by outlining the dimensions of social media
and big data usage that will be examined.

2.4 Research Methodology Design

Develop a robust research methodology, including data collection methods, sampling

strategies, and analysis techniques.

2.5 Resource Planning

Allocate resources for data acquisition, tools, and research personnel. Ensure access to
relevant databases and sources.

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3. Execution Phase

3.1 Data Collection

Collect data from various social media platforms, considering privacy and ethical
considerations.

3.2 Data Analysis

Utilize appropriate analytical tools to analyze big data sets, identifying patterns, trends,
and correlations.

3.3 Case Studies

Conduct case studies on specific social media companies to gain in-depth insights into
their big data utilization strategies.

3.4 Interviews and Surveys

Conduct interviews with industry experts, data scientists, and stakeholders. Implement
surveys to gather user perspectives.

4. Monitoring and Control Phase

4.1 Quality Assurance

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Implement measures to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the research findings,
conducting regular reviews and validations.

4.2 Risk Management

Identify and address potential risks related to data integrity, ethical considerations, or
unexpected challenges in the research process.

5. Closing Phase

5.1 Findings Presentation

Compile and present research findings, highlighting key insights, trends, and implications
for social media companies utilizing big data.

5.2 Recommendations

Provide recommendations for social media companies based on the research findings,
focusing on potential improvements or innovations.

5.3 Final Report

Prepare a comprehensive final report summarizing the entire research project, including
methodologies, results, and conclusions.

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Milestone Chart

Successful project managers skillfully handle a wide range of difficulties, such as imprecise
goals, tight deadlines, inefficient resource allocation, and poor communication. They
frequently use instruments like the Milestone chart to address these problems and look for
workable solutions. Within the ever-changing field of project management, the Milestone
chart has become increasingly important. We shall investigate in detail the history,
fundamentals, and sophisticated methods related to Milestone Charts. Project managers can
use Milestone charts to improve project planning and execution by understanding these
aspects. Come along as we explore the benefits of using Milestone charts as a useful
approach to managing the complexities present in your projects. (KAGAN, 2023)

Milestone Start Date End Date Duration

Project Kickoff 2024-02-01 2024-02-07 1 week
Project Objectives and 2024-02-08 2024-02-21 2 weeks
Scope Definition
Stakeholder 2024-02-22 2024-03-06 2 weeks
Identification and Team
Assembly
Literature Review 2024-03-07 2024-03-27 3 weeks
Completion
SocialSphere 's Big Data 2024-03-28 2024-04-10 2 weeks
Analysis
Recognition of Obstacles 2024-04-11 2024-04-24 2 weeks
and Possibilities

Project Schedule 2024-04-25 2024-05-01 1 week

Development
Resource Allocation and 2024-05-02 2024-05-15 2 weeks
Tool Identification

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 Assessment of Risks and 2024-05-16 2024-05-29 2 weeks
Planning for Mitigation
Data Collection Setup 2024-05-30 2024-06-12 2 weeks

Data Processing and 2024-06-13 2024-06-26 2 weeks

Analysis Implementation

Security Implementation 2024-06-27 2024-07-10 2 weeks

Real-time Processing 2024-07-11 2024-07-24 2 weeks
Integration
Cross-Platform 2024-07-25 2024-08-07 2 weeks
Integration
A/B Testing for Feature 2024-08-08 2024-08-21 2 weeks
Optimization
User Behavior Analysis 2024-08-22 2024-09-04 2 weeks
AR and VR Exploration 2024-09-05 2024-09-18 2 weeks
Ethical Data Practices 2024-09-19 2024-09-25 1 week
Implementation
Documentation and 2024-09-26 2024-10-03 1 week
Reporting
Project Review and 2024-10-04 2024-10-11 1 week
Closure

TABLE 2 MILESTON CHART

Budget Plan of the Project

Component Includes Budget Allocation

Personnel
Project Manager Rs. 300,000
Research Team Rs. 600,000

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 Data Analyst Rs. 150,000
Tech Support Rs. 150,000
Rs. 1200,000

Research & Data Collection Rs. 800,000 Rs . 800,000

Technology & Tools
Hardware Equipment Rs. 200,000
Software Licenses Rs. 150,000
Data Security Measures Rs . 100,000
Real Time Processing Rs . 150,000
systems
Rs. 600,000
Analysis & Reporting Rs. 700,000 Rs. 700,000

Project Management & Rs. 700,000 Rs. 700,000

Contingency

Communication & Rs. 200,000 Rs. 200,000

Dissemination

Ethical Considerations Rs. 100,000 Rs. 100,000

Miscellaneous Expenses Rs. 100,000 Rs. 100,000

Total Rs. 4,000,000 Rs. 4,000,000

TABLE 3 BUDGET PLAN

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Gantt Chart

No matter the size of the project, a Gantt chart is an invaluable tool for project management
since it makes planning and scheduling much easier. It is very helpful because it provides a
picture of the tasks and schedule for projects. To show the numerous tasks, their sequence,
durations, and start and completion dates, the chart uses horizontal bars of varying lengths.
Project managers can easily monitor progress using this graphical representation, where each
bar indicates the task's completion state. This transparency improves the efficiency of project
management. Gantt charts are a vital tool for project managers to help ensure the effective
completion of projects because of its easy-to-understand format. (GRANT, 2023)

FIGURE 3 GANTT CHART AUTHOR DEVELOP

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Network Diagaram

A network diagram, sometimes referred to as a project schedule network diagram, is an

invaluable tool for team members and project managers in the field of project management.
This graphic depiction of project activities helps participants better understand the tasks that
must be completed during the course of the project. It helps to simplify complex project plans
by providing essential information about work duration, order, and dependencies. A project
network diagram streamlines project management by providing a clear overview of the
project, including start and conclusion times and the relationships between tasks. These
diagrams are used by the critical path approach to identify the most important tasks and
streamline project schedules. Network diagrams are essentially essential for enhancing
project visualization and facilitating efficient project planning and execution. (MALSHN,
2022)

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 FIGURE 4 NETWORK DIAGRAM AUTHOR DEVELOP

Proposed Project Control Mechanism

In the social media realm, creating a strong project control system is crucial due to the
extensive collection and analysis of user data. This method focuses on addressing privacy
and ethical concerns tied to big data use in social media, mirroring practices like those of
SocialSphere. The primary goal is to establish a framework that ensures responsible,
transparent, and accountable data management throughout the entire project lifecycle.

One of the most important components of the proposed project control system is the
establishment of clear instructions for the collection, processing, and use of data. Social
media companies can set precise boundaries on the kind of data they collect by creating
comprehensive policies that clearly outline their goals. This ensures that user data is treated
with the utmost care, following the guidelines of user autonomy and permission.

To promote transparency, the system recommends user-friendly interfaces, inspired by

SocialSphere privacy settings. This approach prioritizes empowering users to manage and
retrieve their personal data easily. By adopting this method, consumers gain control over the
visibility of their information, fostering a trustworthy relationship between users and the
social media platform.

To ensure accountability, it's advised to establish independent regulatory bodies overseeing

social media companies' compliance with standards. This fosters user confidence in
responsible data handling. These bodies would monitor and address any potential violations,
ensuring swift corrective actions to uphold ethical data practices.

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The project control mechanism emphasizes ongoing education and training for staff handling
data, prioritizing awareness of privacy and ethics. This approach cultivates accountability
within the company, allowing businesses to learn from SocialSphere’s errors and proactively
address potential issues while promoting a commitment to ethical data practices.

Proposed Quality Control Mechanism with Quality standards.

Quality Control

Quality control is the process of assessing and measuring goods and services in relation to
predetermined standards. Quality is a complex topic with many different interpretations. This
structured process enables companies to inspect, maintain, and enhance the caliber of their
products. Finding and fixing any deviations from the established quality benchmarks is the
main goal of quality control, which makes sure that the end product meets the expected levels
of excellence. Setting up exact controls is a crucial step in this process since it streamlines
production and provides a structure for handling quality issues. The possibility of mistakes is
reduced by clearly defining each employee's roles and duties, which strengthens the
organization's quality control system and makes it more reliable. (HAYES, 2023)

Key aspects of quality Control

Inspection: checking products, materials, or services on a regular basis to look for defects,
infractions, or departures from defined standards of quality.

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Testing: Performing diverse tests and measurements to evaluate the performance,
functionality, or features of products or services.

Statistical Process Control (SPC): Manufacturing operations are monitored and controlled
using statistical techniques to make sure they adhere to acceptable quality standards.

Documentation and Records: preserving thorough records of all testing, inspections, and
remedial actions taken in order to guarantee accountability and traceability.

Corrective Action: putting appropriate steps in place to address found quality problems and
prevent them from happening again.

Training and Education: supplying staff with the knowledge and skills they need to
effectively maintain quality standards.

Continuous Improvement: reviewing information and comments on a regular basis in order

to identify areas for improvement and to strengthen the quality management system as a
whole.

Quality control mechanism

Quality control

which includes methods to assess and improve product quality, is an essential part of
corporate operations. By comparing a process's operations to those of rivals or industry
benchmarks, benchmarking helps identify areas in need of improvement. Every stage of the
production process is evaluated to make sure quality standards are met. Product testing,

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which includes evaluations of performance, robustness, and safety, aids in locating any flaws.
Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a process monitoring and control methodology that use
statistical methodologies over an ongoing basis. Root cause analysis tackles fundamental
problems, while quality checks and supplier management ensure compliance. Businesses that
are dedicated to continuous improvement consider input from their customers, test findings,
and changing industry standards. The implementation of a strong quality control system
guarantees a constant degree of product quality that either meets or exceeds customer
expectations. (ANJANEYUTA, 2023)

Quality Planning

To guarantee a successful trip, Quality Planning takes the lead in the project's early stages.
We begin by outlining specific project goals, with an emphasis on utilizing big data within
the context of social media. Diverse viewpoints are captured by identifying stakeholders,
who include developers, data scientists, end users, and decision makers. The next step is risk
assessment, which looks at data security, privacy, and compliance with regulations to
proactively resolve any possible problems. Resource management guarantees that the project
has the right people, equipment, and technologies to manage big data efficiently. Lastly,
when it comes to technology selection, we take great effort to pick scalable and effective
solutions for analytics, processing, and data storage. This all-encompassing strategy creates a
strong basis for the project's success.

Quality Assurance

To ensure trustworthy results, we place a high priority on quality assurance in each project.
The key component is data quality assurance, which involves taking steps to guarantee the
consistency, accuracy, and completeness of project data. In order to secure user privacy,
comply with data protection rules like GDPR, and avoid legal problems, compliance
assurance is equally crucial. The project's functionality is validated by the implementation of
rigorous testing, which encompasses unit, integration, and user acceptance testing. Data

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sources, methods, and development choices are all carefully documented, offering a clear and
well-organized history of the project's progress. This thorough approach to quality assurance
is essential to our project's integrity and success.

Quality control

Our approach underscores quality control, implementing key tactics for effective
administration. Continuous monitoring tracks algorithm, data pipeline, and overall system
performance. We have an incident response protocol for swift resolution of data breaches and
security incidents. Key performance indicators (KPIs) within our metrics assess the
efficiency of our big data solution, ensuring a proactive and responsive approach to maintain
high standards in our projects.

Continuous Improvements

We prioritize feedback mechanisms and continual development in our processes. By creating

channels for input from developers, users, and other stakeholders, we pinpoint areas for
improvement. Our agile development methodology, emphasizing flexibility, allows for
continuous enhancements based on evolving specifications and customer feedback. This
ensures our processes stay dynamic and aligned with changing demands and expectations,
thanks to an iterative and responsive approach.

Peer Assessment

Regular code reviews and information sharing are two of the most important techniques we
prioritize in our development procedures. Code reviews preserve coding standards, find
issues early, and guarantee code excellence and consistency. Knowledge-sharing meetings
promote teamwork, problem-solving, and the sharing of expertise, all of which support
ongoing learning. Our development environment is strengthened and improved by these
techniques taken together.

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Acceptance Criteria

Prior to project deployment, acceptance criteria define success benchmarks and specify
important rules. The standards they provide must be fulfilled in order for the project to be
successful. End users are actively involved in verifying if the technology lives up to their
expectations through user acceptance testing. This guarantees that the finished product meets
real-world needs and complies with technical requirements, providing a comprehensive
assessment prior to implementation.

Quality Checklists

Maintaining project standards and achieving excellence is facilitated by quality checklists.

The Development Checklist guides developers in adhering to best practices, ensuring well-
structured code that meets defined quality criteria. Simultaneously, the Data Quality
Checklist addresses correctness, consistency, and dependability to uphold high standards for
project data. These tools play a crucial role in quality control during both development and
data phases.

Quality Preparation

Project success hinges on meticulous planning, emphasizing two crucial components. Firstly,
team members undergo structured training and skill development to enhance their
competencies and stay updated on emerging technologies. This ensures their capability in
overcoming project obstacles. Secondly, a commitment to Documentation Readiness stresses
the importance of maintaining accurate and comprehensive project documentation for future
reference. This dedication to transparency and a productive process significantly enhances
the overall quality of the project.

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TASK 03

Background of the research

The advent of SocialSphere is notable in the ever-evolving social media landscape as an

inventive business that uses big data analytics to transform the way users interact with digital
platforms. The objective of this research is to examine the various aspects of SocialSphere,
comparing it to well-known platforms such as Facebook and examining the unique
applications of big data that enhance user experiences and impact the direction of social
connectedness.

Social media now plays a crucial role in our everyday lives by promoting social interaction,
communication, and information exchange. With the introduction of SocialSphere, a
captivating story is told about how the combination of cutting-edge technologies and large
datasets can improve the social media environment. By examining the complex interplay
between big data processing, machine learning algorithms, and predictive analytics, this
study aims to reveal the fundamental architecture of SocialSphere.

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A contextual backdrop is provided by comparisons with industry heavyweights like
Facebook, which also shed light on the distinctive qualities that set SocialSphere apart.
SocialSphere's ability to interact, share, and consume material could be completely changed
by the integration of big data, from tailored content recommendations to focused advertising
strategies.

Important research topics include comprehending SocialSphere's data privacy framework,

investigating the moral issues related to big data use in social media, and assessing the effect
on user pleasure and engagement. By means of a thorough examination, this study seeks to
add to the current conversation on the meeting point of social media, big data, and user
experience by illuminating possible avenues for SocialSphere to pursue in the ever-changing
digital terrain.

Significance of the research

An examination of SocialSphere, a big data-driven social media platform, is important in

today's digital world because it shows how influential and impactful companies like
Facebook have on how we communicate and share information. Understanding the nuances
of SocialSphere's usage of big data for social media management enables a thorough analysis
of developing features including user behavior, data analytics, and content engagement. This
study is essential to revealing the cutting-edge technologies and creative tactics that
SocialSphere uses to enhance user interfaces, deliver personalized content, and eventually
influence millions of people's online interactions.

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The research's importance assumes a dual role when compared to well-known networks like
Facebook. In the first place, it provides insights into the possible development and diversity
of social media platforms by outlining substitutes that employ big data to enable safe,
effective, and customized user involvement. Second, it adds to the larger discussion on the
ethical and responsible use of big data in social media, tackling concerns about algorithmic
biases, privacy, and the effects of data-driven decision-making on society.

All things considered, the SocialSphere inquiry provides insightful information on the
dynamics of social media in the future, showing us how big data technologies are shaping
and reshaping our online interactions, information consumption, and the digital landscape as
a whole. Maintaining awareness of the dynamic nature of social media and its possible
effects on individuals, companies, and society at large requires an appreciation of the
significance of this research.

Objectives of the research

 Comprehending the Big Data Infrastructure of SocialSphere

Analyze the framework and methodology that SocialSphere uses to carry out significant,
large-scale data analysis. Understanding the variety of tools, technologies, and frameworks
used to handle and interpret large amounts of data from social media sites is necessary for
this.

 Assessing Data Collection Methods

Discover how SocialSphere collects and aggregates data from various social media channels.
Evaluate the tactics used to preserve data accuracy, relevance, and compliance with privacy
laws.

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  Examining the Data Processing Methods Employed by SocialSphere

Examine the data processing techniques that SocialSphere employs to glean insightful
information from large datasets. This includes understanding different analytical techniques,
machine learning models, and algorithms.

 Investigating User Engagement Strategies

Examine how SocialSphere enhances user involvement through the utilization of massive
datasets. Examine how they leverage data from users to personalize their experiences,
improve the way material is delivered, and increase user satisfaction in general.

 Considerations Regarding Privacy and Ethics

Analyze SocialSphere's approach to privacy and morality when handling huge datasets.
Analyze the security measures put in place to protect user data, ensure compliance with data
protection laws, and maintain moral principles when using data.

 Future Trends in Social Media and Big Data

Examine SocialSphere's viewpoint on impending big data and social media trends. Assess
their readiness to adopt new technology, adapt to changes in user behavior, and change with
the times in terms of industry standards.

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  Identifying Challenges and Opportunities

Examine the challenges SocialSphere faces in utilizing big data and identify areas that could
use improvement or innovation. This investigation can include issues with scalability,
advancements in technology, or new trends in big data analytics.

Constraints

 Restricted Access to Confidential Data

SocialSphere's confidentiality standards may restrict access to some private information

about the company's vast data infrastructure, algorithms, and data processing techniques.

 Data Privacy and Compliance

Tight laws pertaining to data privacy may limit researchers' access to and ability to examine
user data. The amount of data analysis that is feasible may be restricted in order to comply
with regulations such as GDPR and ethical issues.

 Corporate Collaboration and Transparency

Particularly when it comes to trade secrets, alliances, or innovations in technology,

SocialSphere may be reluctant to divulge some details of its business practices or plans.

 Limited User Interaction

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Restrictions on accessing real-time user interactions and comments may hinder the ability to
effectively gauge user feelings, preferences, and experiences.

 Biased Information Sources

Because SocialSphere's operations, strategies, or user experiences might not be fully

conveyed in official statements, news releases, or publicly available data, research findings
could be biased.

 Restrictions on Sample Size

The limits of the available sample size may limit the scope of the research, especially when
trying to gather specific user comments or thoughts about SocialSphere versus Facebook.

Limitations

 Limited Access to Proprietary Information

Like any other private company, SocialSphere is prohibited from disclosing specific
proprietary information about its vast data architecture, algorithms, or unique data processing
techniques. This restricted access could make it difficult to fully understand the technological
procedures that the organization uses.

 Data Privacy and Ethical Concerns

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SocialSphere may be cautious when revealing specifics about its data collection procedures
due to privacy laws and the delicate nature of user data. Restrictions on access to particular
data points may result from adherence to privacy rules and the preservation of user
confidentiality.

 Potential Partiality in Accessible Data

Press releases, official channels, and media coverage are some of the ways that information
about SocialSphere can be shared. This data may be skewed, highlighting advantages and
downplaying disadvantages. Getting an impartial opinion could be difficult.

 Inability to Verify User Experiences

While examining customer satisfaction and feedback is important, verifying the accuracy and
sincerity of user reviews or testimonials on your own can be challenging. Bias in self-
reported experiences may have an impact on the accuracy of this data.

 Limited grasp of algorithms

Social media algorithms are often complex and proprietary, especially when they use large
amounts of data. The research may not provide a thorough understanding of all the subtle
aspects of SocialSphere's algorithms, which would limit our understanding of the factors that
influence user interactions and content recommendations.

 Limited Scope of User Demographics

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The accessibility of user demographic data may limit the scope of the study. Understanding
how different user segments are served by big data methods may encounter challenges if
demographic data is not disclosed sufficiently.

 Legal and regulatory limitations

SocialSphere can operate in contexts with different legal and regulatory frameworks.
Following these rules may limit the investigation of specific facets of the business's big data
operations.

Literature Review

Concept

The goal of the research into SocialSphere, a big data-driven social media company, is to
examine the complex environment of the platform and make analogies with Facebook, the
market leader. This study's main goal is to comprehend how SocialSphere uses big data to
design its features, improve user experiences, and create overarching business plans. In order
to uncover the nuances of the platform's data-driven decision-making process, the research
will examine the platform's underlying infrastructure, data collection techniques, and
analytical approaches.The research will also explore privacy concerns, user engagement
tactics, and the effects of big data on SocialSphere's economic model. We'll compare and
contrast these features with Facebook's. This study's major objective is to shed light on
SocialSphere's operational nuances while also offering insightful analysis of the larger
market of social media firms that use big data to innovate and improve user experience.

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Industry/ Concept

This study examines SocialSphere, a data-intensive social media company that innovatively
merges social media and advanced data analytics. It emphasizes the intentional integration of
extensive datasets from various platforms to extract valuable insights and improve user
experiences. Similar to Facebook, SocialSphere utilizes cutting-edge big data infrastructure,
machine learning models, and algorithms to stay at the forefront of the evolving industry.
The central theme underscores the pivotal role of data-driven decision-making in user
engagement, content personalization, and overall platform performance. The research delves
into how SocialSphere navigates the opportunities and challenges of big data in the evolving
landscape of social media, analyzing its impact on user satisfaction, company strategy, and
adherence to privacy and ethical norms. This study contributes to our understanding of how
big data will shape the future trajectory and competitive position of social media companies
in the digital ecosystem.

Benefits

By understanding behavior, preferences, and patterns, SocialSphere can increase user

engagement through the use of big data analytics. Personalized user experiences are
produced by utilizing complex user profiles, maximizing the relevancy of content, and fine-
tuning advertising targeting. Important insights inform strategic decision-making, while
automated algorithms improve content filtering. Real-time analytics helps with crisis
management, and efficient fraud detection strengthens security. Performance and scalability
are optimized, and SocialSphere's industry leadership and flexibility are preserved through
continuous trend analysis and market research.

Challengers

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There are a lot of obstacles to overcome when implementing big data in a social media
company like SocialSphere, particularly in contrast to industry titans like Facebook. The
primary obstacle centers on the complex task of handling enormous amounts of data
produced by user interactions. Managing the vast amount, velocity, and variety of data
requires sophisticated analytics tools and a strong infrastructure. Compliance with data
protection standards and privacy concerns present another significant problem. It takes skill
to strike a balance between gathering insightful data, protecting user privacy, and
maintaining moral data practices.The issue of scalability persists due to the exponential
increase of both the user base and data volume. Additionally, reliable insights must be
derived from data that is accurate and of high quality. It is always a challenge for
SocialSphere to keep ahead of the curve and remain competitive because of the changing
nature of data science and technology. Ultimately, the challenge is in efficiently converting
big data insights into concrete improvements in corporate strategies and user experience. In
order to leverage big data and make a name for itself in the very competitive social media
space, SocialSphere will need to overcome these obstacles.

Research Approach

Qualitative research

The act of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting non-numerical data—like language—is

known as qualitative research. It is possible to learn more about how people interpret and
subjectively experience their social surroundings through qualitative research. Text, video,
images, and audio recordings are a few types of qualitative data, which are non-numeric data.
Such data can be gathered through diary entries or in-depth interviews, and two approaches
that can be used to evaluate it are grounded theory and theme analysis.

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Qualitative research methods

FIGURE 5 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS (BHANDRI,

2020)

One-on-One Interviews

Individual interviews remain one of the most fundamental and popular methods for
qualitative research. Open-ended and closed-ended questions are used in these interviews,
while open-ended discussions on particular subjects between researchers and participants are
frequently preferred. With the use of this communication method, participants' perspectives
can be explored more deeply, producing rich qualitative data that can be used for study. The
ability to gain detailed insights into people's thoughts and motivations is a noteworthy benefit
of individual interviews.Competent researchers who know how to ask the right questions can
steer these discussions in order to elicit insightful and complex findings. Additionally,

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because individual interviews are interactive, it is possible to include follow-up questions,
which allows researchers to probe further into responses and obtain thorough data. This
approach is quite helpful in illuminating the subtleties of unique experiences and viewpoints,
offering a sophisticated comprehension of the topic being studied. (BHANDRI, 2020)

Focus groups

One popular method for effective data collection in qualitative research is the focus group.
Focus groups consist of a small number of participants, usually between six and ten people
who fit the target demographic. Their main objective is to investigate the "what," "why," and
"how" aspects associated with a certain topic. One important benefit is that modern
approaches enable remote participation via online questionnaires that can be completed on
different devices. This strategy is made more appealing by the ease with which responses
may be gathered with only one click. But it's important to understand that focus groups can
be more expensive to use than other online qualitative research techniques. Their cost is
justified by their exceptional value in clarifying intricate procedures, which makes them the
go-to option for market research projects, especially when exploring new product launches
and testing creative ideas.

Ethnographic research

With ethnography, researchers must immerse themselves completely in the environments of

their target audiences, be it an organization, an urban setting, or a distant location. However,
there are issues with this method's effectiveness because of geographical restrictions that
could make data collection more difficult. An in-depth analysis of a specific culture or
society is what ethnography comprises in order to gain understanding of their customs, social
dynamics, and cultural norms.When using this approach, researchers have two options: active
observation, in which they actively become part of the culture, or passive observation, in
which they attentively observe without fully immersing themselves. The adaptability of
ethnography facilitates a sophisticated understanding of the intricacies inside a community,

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generating an all-encompassing perspective that is highly helpful in a multitude of sectors,
from anthropology to market research. (GIRARDIN, 2023)

case study

A case study provides a thorough understanding of the topic under research through a
rigorous investigation and analysis of a particular incident. Its main objective is to place the
subject in the context of the actual world, regardless of whether it is focused on a particular
organization, belief system, occasion, person, or action. This research method is widely used
in a variety of sectors, including education and the social sciences. Despite its seeming
complexity, it involves a careful and rigorous investigation of data gathering methodologies
as well as a nuanced analysis of the material obtained.Case studies are very useful in
marketing and sales because they highlight the observable benefits of a business's goods or
services. They also explore the intricacies of a certain circumstance. This procedure adds
significant insights to the pertinent field of study and enables a sophisticated comprehension
of the underlying variables.

Observation

As a technique in qualitative research, qualitative observation uses subjective methods to

methodically gather data or information. Identifying and documenting minute features in the
viewed subject through subjective approaches is the basis of qualitative observation.
Capturing the diversity of experiences and perspectives is the main objective, with an
emphasis on qualitative differences rather than quantitative assessments. In order to
completely immerse the researcher in the observed setting, this method entails activating the
five major senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste. Qualitative researchers use close
observation to look for details and intricacies that quantitative approaches could miss.
Qualitative observation results frequently provide a deep insight of the topic by revealing

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minute details and providing a nuanced viewpoint that adds to a thorough understanding of
the phenomenon under study.

Quantitative research.

In quantitative research, relevant factors are described, predicted, or controlled by the

methodical and objective collecting and analysis of numerical data. Its objectives include
forecasting, investigating the causal links between factors, and extrapolating results to larger
populations. The main goal of quantitative research is to identify general rules that apply to
phenomena and behavior in a variety of settings. In scientific contexts, hypotheses are put to
the test under rigorous conditions to see if they are accepted or rejected. (SREEKUMAR,
2023)

Quantitative research Methods

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 FIGURE 6 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH. (BHAT, 2019)

Survey Research

In quantitative outcome research, survey research is essential. It is a potent instrument that

helps businesses understand how customers feel about their offerings. Surveys are carefully
designed using a variety of methods, such as paper questionnaires and internet polls, to
guarantee validity and accurate data collecting. This field has undergone a revolution because
to online survey software, which makes it easier to collect data effectively for both
quantitative and qualitative studies. Organizations can evaluate market response, measure
consumer happiness, and obtain detailed insights through surveys, which frequently use
checklists and rating scales. These insights can help with strategic planning and informed
decision-making.

FIGURE 7 SURVEY RESEARCH (BHAT, 2019)

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Probability Sampling

Using random selection, probability sampling is a methodical and thorough sampling

methodology that ensures the representativeness of collected data within a given population.
It sets itself apart by enabling researchers to accurately state probabilities based on a sample
selected at random. The emphasis on ensuring that every component of the population has an
equal chance of being included in the sample is what distinguishes probability sampling from
other methods. This strategy lowers the possibility of sampling bias because random
selection guarantees an unbiased and equitable representation of the total population.
Through gathering information from a wide range of people in the selected community,
researchers may be sure to draw significant conclusions and apply their research to a larger
group of people. A key component of statistical research is probability sampling, which
provides a solid foundation for drawing trustworthy conclusions and making claims about the
properties of the population under study.

FIGURE 8 PROBABILITY SAMPLING (BHAT, 2019)

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Selected qualitative and quantitative research methods

Qualitative Research Methods

 Interviews

Speaking with important social media firm stakeholders provides insightful information
about how they handle large amounts of data. Talks with executives, data scientists, and
legislators are included in this. It is useful to ask open-ended questions to learn about their
decision-making processes, reasons, and obstacles.

 Focus Groups

Organise focus groups with users, privacy advocates, and industry professionals to find out
what people think about how big data is used by social media businesses. This method can
highlight both areas of concern and support and reveal a range of viewpoints.

 Content Analysis

Analyzing the company's official stance on big data use can be gained by looking closely at
its public statements, policies, and communications. This qualitative method helps to
understand how the business communicates its operating procedures to the general audience.

 Ethnographic Studies

Through active observation and participation in the platform's online communities or

organizational culture, researchers can gain a deep understanding of how big data is
seamlessly incorporated into day-to-day operations and user interactions.

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Quantitative Research Methods

 Surveys

Make surveys and distribute them to a broad user base to collect quantitative information
about their opinions on privacy, trust, and big data usage satisfaction. To properly gauge
attitudes and opinions, use Likert scale questions.

 Analytics and Usage Data

When permitted, obtain usage statistics and analytics that are available to the public from the
social media platform in order to track trends, patterns, and user behavior. This makes it
possible to quantify tangible measures and provide information about the scope and effect of
big data applications.

 Statistical Analysis

Use statistical methods to investigate relationships between the effectiveness of ad targeting,

user engagement, and big dataset consumption. This method helps identify relationships and
patterns in the numerical data.

Population and Sample size

The analysis of big data use by major social media companies like Facebook depends a lot on
population and sample size. The population size, which includes all platform users, is so

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large that it is not feasible to research each individual. Therefore, in order to maintain
representativeness and assure practicality, researchers choose a sample size that is a subset of
the population.

It is crucial to consider the diversity of Facebook's user base when choosing an appropriate
sample size. This includes taking into account variables such as age, geography, hobbies, and
behavior. The sample size used must reflect this variability in order to produce relevant and
useful results that are applicable to a larger population.

It is important to recognize how sample size affects validity and reliability in research. More
sample size usually means more precise results, but it also means more prices and more
logistical work. Achieving statistical significance while preserving practicality requires
striking a balance.

Dealing with the large and complex datasets created by social media users presents
opportunities as well as challenges in the field of big data. Advanced technology and
approaches are necessary to obtain meaningful insights. For manageable study and relevant
conclusions, it is essential to carefully pick a relevant sample from this large data pool.

Type of Data

Primary Data

Data that has been generated by the researcher himself/herself, surveys, interviews,
experiments, specially designed for understanding and solving the research problem at
hand.The primary data is also called raw data which is collected first hand by the researchers.

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The primary data is collected according to the objectives laid out by the research. Apart from
academic purposes, the primary data is also collected by the corporates, brands to assess the
public’s perception and work on the development of the brand name. Even before the launch
of a new product, a market survey is conducted by the brands to ascertain the probable
markets, probable customer groups and geographical locations to promote the products. The
companies keep collecting the primary data/ conducting market research and surveys to
evaluate and correct their policies. (STEWART, 2020)

Often, primary data sources are selected and customized especially to fulfill the
demands or specifications of a given research endeavor. Determining the target
population and the aim of the study is crucial before choosing a data collection source.

Secondary Data

Pre-existing information created by important organizations, such governmental bodies and

medical facilities, as a byproduct of their own record-keeping procedures is known as
secondary data. This data is obtained from a variety of sources and is used for a number of
purposes, including predictive analysis. By using previous data, organizations create
econometric models that help them predict future patterns. Reputable sources of secondary
data include UN databases, government repositories, analytics companies' databases,
periodicals, and financial data obtained from businesses. This approach relies on a sizable
pool of reliable and established data to support strategic planning and well-informed
decision-making.

It's possible that a researcher first gathered data for a particular goal before making it
available for use by other researchers. Data may have been collected for general
purposes without a specific study target in mind, similar to the national census.

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Diffrence Between Primary Data VS Secondary Data

PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY DATA

Nature of Data These exist in the format of These have reached their
unprocessed materials. completed state.

Data Real time data Past data

Cost effectiveness Expensive Economical

Collection time Long Short

Accuracy and Reliability More Relatively less

Since the investigator is These are not authentic as

gathering these for the first they have been gathered by
Originality
time, they are unique. someone else for their
personal use.

TABLE 4 DIFFERENT BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDERY DATA

Data collection and Data Analysis

Data collection Method

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Data collection methods comprise a range of strategies and processes used to gather data for
research goals. These methods range from simple self-reported questionnaires to complex
experiments, using both quantitative and qualitative methods for collecting data.

FIGURE 9 DATA COLLECTION METHOD (BHAT, 2019)

Surveys and Questionnaires

Surveys and structured questionnaires are useful tools used by researchers to gather
information from individuals or groups. These tools are made up of carefully constructed
questions meant to elicit particular data and insights. Data collection can be made flexible by
using a variety of channels for conducting surveys, including in-person interviews, phone
calls, postal forms, and online platforms. Conversely, observation involves information
collecting without asking questions. Subjectivity is introduced by this method since the
observer or researcher interprets the data based on their own judgment. Nonetheless,

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observation can provide important insights on behaviors and events without the need for
explicit inquiry in some circumstances where the risk of bias is low. This provides an
alternate approach to understanding and analyzing particular circumstances.

Interviews

Interviews serve as a dynamic channel of direct communication between researchers and

subjects, which aids in a deeper understanding of perspectives. These interactions can take
place via a variety of platforms, such as in-person meetings, phone conversations, or video
chats. Interviews can be organized, with planned questions asked in a regular way; semi-
structured, with room to explore new subjects; or unstructured, with more room for
interaction and open-ended discussion. Whichever format is selected, interviews provide a
tailored and in-depth investigation of the topic, highlighting the value of open
communication and the qualitative diversity of information that can be gleaned from these
face-to-face exchanges. (SIMPLILEARN TEAM, 2023)

Observations

Researchers use observation as a study technique, paying close attention to and documenting
events, behaviors, and activities as they occur in their natural environments. This approach is
very helpful in getting real information about human behavior, interactions, or occurrences
without the influence of direct interference or direct questions. Unlike surveys or interviews,
observation involves silently observing persons in order to obtain information. While this
method adds subjectivity because the researcher's opinion is vital to the interpretation of the
data, there are circumstances in which bias is unlikely. Through observation, researchers can
get unique insights on unfiltered, real-world behaviors and occurrences by immersing
themselves in the natural environment.

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Experiment

In experimental research, factors are intentionally changed in order to assess how they affect
the results. In these investigations, investigators exercise control over circumstances, altering
factors to track causal relationships. Changing variables on purpose to see how they affect
the final result is the basic idea behind experimental research. In order to determine the
causal relationship between altered variables and observed outcomes, scientists meticulously
monitor the experimental setup, gather data, and draw conclusions. This methodology
enables a systematic research of correlations, resulting in a deeper understanding of the
variables influencing the subject of study.

Data Collection Tools

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 FIGURE 10 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS (BHAT, 2019)

Interviews

Interviews are a data collection technique in which one person asks another member of the
target audience a series of questions. This one-on-one conversation can take place over the
phone or in person. The responses gathered are documented and evaluated to gain insights
into the interviewee's behavior, preferences, and experiences. Interviews have the advantage
of yielding high-quality data since respondents are less likely to supply false information
when speaking with someone face-to-face. Nevertheless, a disadvantage of this approach to
gathering data is that it is not feasible for extensive projects because of the time limits
involved in conducting one-on-one interviews. Interviews work especially well when
discussing complex or delicate topics.

Observation

Presenting the problem statement to the intended audience without any form of direct
moderation is how observation methods collect data. Respondents consider and answer
questions during this process, and their non-verbal indicators—body language, mannerisms,
facial expressions, and voice tone—are closely watched. These nonverbal cues offer
insightful information for making decisions.

Usage Data

With the growing prevalence of technology, information is collected at every stage of the
process, from production to distribution. The gathered information is a useful tool for

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improving business outcomes. GPS position coordinates, sales reports, application usage
statistics, history records, and more are a few examples of this data. These data collection
techniques work well when improving existing systems is the aim instead than creating
brand-new ones.

Focus Groups

Focus groups are made up of people from various backgrounds who participate in
conversations led by a moderator. Participants from various backgrounds contribute a variety
of perspectives, which promotes the investigation of many points of view. It is thought that
this diversity of perspectives encourages creativity. Stakeholders can obtain a variety of data
and quickly verify facts through focus groups. The existence of an extremely powerful
person in the group, however, could be detrimental and jeopardize the accuracy of the data. It
is essential that the moderator balances group dynamics and moderates talks with expertise.
Focus groups are very useful for running beta tests for newly released goods.

Data Analysis tools

Modern businesses rely heavily on analytical tools because they offer critical insights from
large-scale databases. Because every firm has different needs, selecting the right tool can be a
difficult task. These tools, which include applications and software, let experts analyze data
collections. Their primary goal is to provide thorough insights and useful information for
predictions, insightful decision-making, and insightful understandings. To effectively utilize
the potential of these tools, companies must understand the factors impacting tool selection
as they navigate the complex world of data analytics.

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  Microsoft Excel
 Jupyter Notebook
 Apache Spark
 Google Cloud AutoML
 SAS
 Microsoft Power BI
 Tableau
 KNIME
 Steamlit

FIGURE 11 DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS (TAWDE, 2023)

Tableau

Tableau is a powerful business intelligence and data visualization solution that improves
reporting and analysis of large-scale datasets. Tableau is a software platform that was
founded in 2003 and later acquired by Salesforce in June 2019. It allows users to generate a
variety of charts, graphs, maps, dashboards, and stories, which helps users comprehend data
and make informed business decisions. Tableau lets customers explore datasets, get insights,
and find new possibilities through interactive dashboards and live visual analytics. Moreover,
the platform may be used to create interactive maps and carry out in-depth analysis across

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territories, regions, and demographic groups. Notably, Tableau gives customers the ability to
leverage interactive visuals to create an engaging story, which is a powerful tool to share
findings with a larger audience.

FIGURE 12 TABLEAU (KWADYE, 2022)

KNIME

KNIME is unique in that it provides a one-stop shop for the whole data science process,
from model creation to deployment and insight sharing. The free and open-source KNIME
Analytics Platform integrates with well-known machine learning frameworks and has over
300 interfaces to diverse data sources, keeping users on the cutting edge of data science. Its
drag-and-drop interface, which lets users visualize the results and enter data from many
sources, making it simple to create complex machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, the
KNIME Business Hub offers a single location for teamwork and the implementation of
solutions, allowing data workers to effectively communicate, exchange knowledge, and
improve the abilities of their associates. Overall, KNIME accelerates the time to insight,
increasing the relevance of data science. (VENDOR, 2022)

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Excel

Microsoft's spreadsheet application Excel is a vital part of the Office business application
suite. Users can effectively format, arrange, and compute data on a spreadsheet using Excel.
The grid structure of the software is made up of cells that hold data and are arranged in rows
and columns. Excel makes information easy to organize and display as it is added to or
amended. Excel is especially helpful for simple data analysis since it lets you filter, arrange,
and show numerical data. With a variety of filters and algorithms, it facilitates the
construction of pivot tables, charts, and graphs. However, because Excel is not designed to
handle enormous amounts of data, users may find themselves in need of more capable tools
when working with large datasets. (VENDOR, 2022)

FIGURE 13 EXCEL (ROSENBERG, 2022)

Apache Spark

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Large-scale data demands can be handled using the distributed processing engine Apache
Spark, which is available as an open-source platform. By utilizing efficient query execution
and in-memory caching, it guarantees quick analytic queries on data of different sizes. It
enables code reuse across a variety of workloads, including batch processing, interactive
queries, real-time analytics, machine learning, and graph processing, by providing
development APIs in Java, Scala, Python, and R. Enterprises from diverse sectors, such as
FINRA, Yelp, Zillow, DataXu, Urban Institute, and CrowdStrike, frequently utilize Apache
Spark to fulfill their data processing requirements.

FIGURE 14 APACHE SPARK(R, 2023)

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Ethical Consideration

Ethical considerations are crucial in guiding discussions regarding the activities of big data-
driven social media companies such as SocialSphere. Because these platforms collect a lot of
personal data about users in order to improve user experiences and provide targeted
advertising, protecting user privacy is a big ethical concern. It becomes essential to find the
ideal balance between preventing intrusion and allowing personalization. Managing the
ethical aspects of data security, stopping illegal access, and making sure that data isn't
misused are essential.Keeping data collection and usage policies transparent is a crucial
ethical priority. Social media businesses need to make sure users have significant control
over their privacy settings and are educated about how their data is used. Preventing biases
and prejudice in algorithmic decision-making processes requires maintaining fairness. In the
end, these businesses have an obligation to foster a digital environment in the constantly
changing big data use landscape that upholds ethical standards, respects users' rights, and
encourages openness.

Roles of a Researchers

Researchers are essential to the research process because they collect, organize, and verify
important data related to a certain topic. Their responsibilities include data analysis, resource
comparison, fact checking, and sharing findings with the research team. Researchers respect
the privacy of sensitive data, adhere to established procedures, and conduct fieldwork as
necessary. To make sure that the goals of the research are aligned, they must remain current
on market trends. They make use of a variety of techniques, such as desktop research, and
they consult materials such as books, journal articles, newspapers, surveys, questionnaires,
and interviews. Written notes and pertinent software are used to record patterns and trends,

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and electronic databases are properly protected. Additionally, as essential components of
their overall function, researchers actively participate in the development of proposals and
the delivering of presentations. (ULZ, 2022)

 Problem Formulator

When it comes to identifying and defining research issues, researchers are essential. They
must carefully assess the gaps in current knowledge, provide relevant recommendations, and
clearly state the goals that direct the course of the research.

 Data Collector and Analyst

The task assigned to researchers is to collect and analyze data in order to investigate their
research questions. This includes choosing appropriate research designs, gathering
information via surveys, experiments, or direct observation, and using statistical or
qualitative methods to draw important conclusions.

 Knowledge Integrator

Academics often need to combine data from several sources in order to develop a
comprehensive understanding of their research topic. This means reading relevant literature,
digesting previous findings, and placing their own research in the context of a larger body of
knowledge.

 Innovator

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The development of new ideas and knowledge is greatly aided by researchers. Through
creative thinking and experimentation, they push the boundaries of current knowledge and
offer novel ideas, hypotheses, or solutions that can advance their field of study.

 Communicator

For researchers to share their findings with the academic community and the general public,
effective communication is essential. This duty entails presenting research findings in
scholarly publications, conferences, and other venues in addition to breaking complex ideas
down into language that a range of audiences can grasp.

CHAPTER 4

Data Analysis and Conclusion

Question List of Interviews Conduct to gather the data

1. How is big data typically utilized in the company's day-to-day operations?

2. What methods are employed to gather user data, and which sources contribute to the
company's data pool?

3. Which famous platforms and technologies does the business utilize to process and
analyze large amounts of data?

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 4. How does the business use the data it has acquired to generate user profiles?

5. In what ways does the organization apply big data to improve customer experience
and engagement?

6. What measures are in place to guard against user data being misused?

7. Which upcoming developments in big data and analytics is the company closely
observing or intending to utilize?

8. How much do algorithms play a role in the company's decision-making process?

Feedback Form

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 FIGURE 15 FEED BACK FORM 1 AUTHOR DEVELOP

FIGURE 16 FEED BACK FORM 2 AUTHOR DEVELOP

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FIGURE 17 FEEDBACK FORM 3 AUTHOR DEVELOP

FIGURE 18 FEEDBACK FORM 4 AUTHOR DEVELOP

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 FIGURE 19 FEEDBACK FORM 5 AUTHOR DEVELOP

FIGURE 20 FEEDBACK FORM 6 AUTHOR DEVELOP

Respondent Demographic Analysis

One of the most important parts of any research project is the analysis of respondent
demographics, which entails gathering and analyzing data about the traits of research
participants. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on how various demographic factors,
including gender, age, education, employment status, geographic location, technology usage,
ethnicity/race, income level, and social media habits, may affect perceptions, behaviors, and
responses. It also helps researchers gain insights into the diverse backgrounds and contexts of
respondents. Researchers can detect patterns, trends, and correlations in their data by closely
examining these demographic characteristics, which can help them interpret their findings
more nuancedly. In addition to adding value to the study, a well-executed examination of

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respondent demographics also makes research findings more applicable and broadly
interpreted among a variety of demographic groups. (GAGER, 2023)

FIGURE 21 SUMMERY 1 AUTHOR DEVELOP

According to the feedback 50% of responders are others. And the equal amount of
responders are Directors and administrative staffs. It is 25% .

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 FIGURE 22 SUMMERY 2 AUTHOR DEVELOP

According to equl numbers of responses join this company 1 year and 5 or more years .25
% of responders are have been associated with company nearly 1 - 4 years. It means most of
responders have experience about the company.

FIGURE 23 SUMMERY 3 AUTHOR DEVELOP

When we consider overall responses, we can decide most of the time big data is used in
company for dicision marketing support. Most of the people think the big data is using in the
company for dicision marketing support. No one thinks that it improves operational
efficiency. Equal amount of them think big data can be used in the company for user
profiling and targeting and enhancing user experience.

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 FIGURE 24 SUMMERY 4 AUTHOR DEVELOP
Nither external data partnerships nor website and app interactions contributes to the
company's data pool. Response say surveys and questionnaires and social media activity
tracking are employed to gather user data in equal amount.

FIGURE 25 SUMMERY 5 AUTHOR DEVELOP

when we consider about responses, 100% of people think that, to process and analyse a large
amount of data in the company used the google cloud platform. No one had responded to

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Apache Hadoop, Microsoft Azure, and Amazon web services are helping to
utilize the business.

FIGURE 26 SUMMERY 6 AUTHOR DEVELOP

The least amount of people think targeted advertising is used to generate user profiles in the
business. 25% percent of them think personalized content recommendations are used.
However, most of the responses show, that both personalized content recommendations and
targeted advertising are used to generate user profiles.

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 FIGURE 27 SUMMERY 7 AUTHOR DEVELOP
1/3 of responses say personalized recommendations and content improve customer
experience and engagement. 25% of them think targeted advertising based on user
preferences to improve customer engagement. Neither improved customer support through
data-driven insights nor enhanced user interfaces and features based on analytics are used to
improve customer engagement.

FIGURE 28 SUMMERY 8 AUTHOR DEVELOP

Most people think misusing data can be guarded by robust encryption and secure storage
practices. 37.5% of people think regular audits and compliance checks guard against user
data being misused. Neither of strict access controls and permissions or ongoing user
education on data privacy are used to guard against data misuse.

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 FIGURE 29 SUMMERY 9 AUTHOR DEVELOP

People responded mostly to cloud based analytics which the development in big data and
analytics is going to use in the company. No one thinks machin learning and predictive
analytics are causing any development in big data and analytics. 12.5% of people who
responded thinks that real time data processing indenting to utilize in the company .

FIGURE 30 SUMMERY 10 AUTHOR DEVELOP

Most responses show that people think algorithms play a significant role in the company.
Some people think algorithms are causing a moderate impact to the company. Other 12.5%
of people think algorithms play a minimal role in the company.

Task 4

Action Plan

Identification of issues and resolution during Project Management Process

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Non -Technical Audience

1 . Issue: Social media platforms gather extensive user data, prompting worries regarding the
invasion of privacy.

 Resolution:To protect user information, businesses should give top priority to clear
data usage policies, get express agreement from users, and put strong security
measures in place.

2 . Issue: The misuse of big data can manifest in targeted advertising, manipulation, and the
influencing of user behavior.

 Resolution:Enforce more rigorous regulations and ethical guidelines to curb data

misuse. Empower users to exercise control over the utilization of their data and
ensure they are well-informed about the objectives behind data collection.

3 . Issue: Social media algorithms have the potential to be biased and produce discriminating
results.

 Resolution: Organizations should conduct frequent audits and enhancements of their

algorithms to guarantee fairness and inclusiveness. Maintaining transparency in
algorithmic decision-making is essential to foster user trust.

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4 . Issue: Social media platforms are crafted to captivate users, possibly fostering addiction
and adversely affecting mental well-being.

 Resolution: These problems can be lessened by implementing features that

encourage healthy usage, giving users tools to regulate their screen time, and
spreading information about social media usage responsibly.

Technical Audience

1 . Issue: Social media firms frequently encounter criticism due to mishandling user data,
resulting in heightened privacy apprehensions and security breaches.

 Resolution: Establish strong encryption measures, consistently enhance security

protocols, and strictly comply with data protection regulations.

2 . Issue: Social media companies have the difficulty of growing their infrastructure to
accommodate enormous volumes of data as user populations increase rapidly.

 Resolution: use cloud services, deploy effective data partitioning techniques, and use
scalable and distributed computing frameworks.

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3 . Issue: Social media requires the immediate processing of data for prompt updates and
swift responsiveness.

 Resolution: Utilize stream processing frameworks such as Apache Kafka and Apache
Flink to effectively manage real-time data processing.

4 . Issue: Big data usage in social media may unintentionally result in biased algorithms and
immoral AI procedures.

 Resolution: Make ethical AI policies within the company, integrate a variety of

datasets, and routinely assess algorithms for bias.

Amendment of the budget

Managing actual spending in relation to the budget on a regular basis is a critical component
of good project management. If discrepancies appear, it's critical to carry out a
comprehensive investigation to pinpoint the underlying causes and modify the budget as
needed. To evaluate and approve any changes that might have an influence on the budget and
make sure that pertinent stakeholders are notified before modifications are made, a strong
change control procedure must be put in place. To guarantee that project costs remain within
the authorized expenditure cap, strict cost controls and monitoring measures must also be put
in place. This include establishing spending caps, getting estimates for big expenses, and
keeping a close eye on project expenses. Through the course of the project, project managers
can actively manage financial resources, reduce potential risks, and encourage greater
financial responsibility by implementing these best practices.

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Tracking Gantts Chart

Ensure that any adjustments to the budget or other changes to the original Project
Management Plan are accurately recorded in the revised records. Maintaining accurate
records of budget modifications is essential for maintaining openness and giving a clear
picture of the project's financial situation. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of the critical
route can help prioritize and identify tasks that are essential to the project's completion date.
Reducing overall project setbacks requires prompt resolution of any delays in critical
operations. Consider putting resource leveling solutions into practice if project timeline
limitations are present in order to guarantee a balanced workload distribution and maximize
resource allocation for crucial tasks. By permitting timely interventions to maintain project
schedules and budgetary objectives and providing a more accurate assessment of the project's
progress, these proactive approaches help to good project management.

Recommendation

Technical Audience

 To enhance user insights, improve content recommendations, and hone targeted

advertising campaigns, apply machine learning and predictive modeling.

 Prioritize putting end-to-end encryption into place, making sure data is transmitted
securely, and carrying out frequent security audits to safeguard user data.

 Develop solutions that facilitate instantaneous data processing in order to ensure

engaging and dynamic user experiences.

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  Utilize advanced analysis of user behavior to deliver personalized interfaces and
intelligent content recommendations.

 Examine how to enhance user engagement and interaction by integrating virtual

reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology.

Non - Technical Audience

 Ensure open lines of communication and give users authority over their data. Be
motivated by SocialSphere's commitment to user privacy protection.

 Examine ways to employ data-driven insights to improve user interactions; for

example, consider how SocialSphere's tailors content to each user's tastes.

 Adopt an attitude of constant experimentation, using user input and behavior to

improve and add features that genuinely engage the viewer.

 Strive for a seamless experience for users on all platforms, taking cues from
SocialSphere's excellent combination of Instagram and WhatsApp.

Benefits to Company/ Industry

Benefits to Company

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Businesses in the social media space that use big data strategies—like SocialSphere —can
benefit from a number of advantages that have a substantial impact on their overall
performance and competitiveness. First off, by utilizing big data, these businesses may gain
profound understanding of customer preferences, behaviors, and engagement trends. A more
engaging and fulfilling user experience is ultimately fostered by this data-driven
understanding, which makes it easier to create user-centric features, personalized content
recommendations, and targeted advertising. Furthermore, by utilizing cutting-edge analytics
methods, including machine learning algorithms, these businesses may enhance decision-
making, streamline operations, and spot trends that spur creativity. The integration of
services across platforms, emulating SocialSphere's ecosystem, encourages user loyalty and
expands the company's reach. Instantaneous answers to user activities are made possible by
real-time data processing, which guarantees timely and dynamic content delivery. In the end,
these benefits support the company's ability to stay flexible and competitive in the quickly
changing social media scene in addition to increasing customer satisfaction and retention.

Benefits to Industry

The industry as a whole has benefited greatly from the widespread use of big data analytics
in the social media space, as demonstrated by sites like SocialSphere. First off, businesses
may obtain deep insights into user behaviors, preferences, and trends through the strategic
application of big data, which promotes a customized and interesting user experience. In
addition to raising customer satisfaction, this enhanced personalization helps to strengthen
platform loyalty and user retention. Big data also enables social media companies to improve
their advertising methods, precisely targeting particular demographics and optimizing the
success of marketing campaigns. Enhanced data-driven decision-making, fueled by advanced
analytics, makes it possible to respond quickly to shifting market demands. As a result, there
is a boom in innovation within the sector, with businesses consistently launching new
features and enhancing existing ones. Ultimately, the incorporation of big data analytics into
the social media space serves as a driving force for advancement in the sector, resulting in
more resilient platforms, more user contentment, and long-term commercial expansion.

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Accuracy and reliability of the different research methods applied

Interviews

Accuracy
Accurate interviews are essential for gathering trustworthy data and arriving at wise
judgments, especially in industries like hiring, research, and media. For the creation
of high-performing teams during employment interviews, proper assessment of
talent and cultural fit is crucial. In both study and journalism, accurate questioning
and focused listening during interviews are critical to the validity of material.
Consistency is encouraged by the use of structured interview techniques, and a
promising path toward objective evaluation is provided by the possible integration
of AI and data analytics. To put it simply, the reliability of interviews is a critical
component in attaining favorable results in a variety of professional and research
settings.

Reliability

The reliability and consistency of the data collected during interviews determine
how effective they are as a research approach. Interviews can yield trustworthy data
when conducted using a systematic and uniform methodology, particularly in
qualitative research. Reliability is increased by keeping the interview method,
interviewee selection, and question formulation consistent. To further add to the
reliability of the information obtained, the interviewer's skill in establishing rapport,
asking open-ended questions, and responding to lively discussions is crucial.
However, it is important to understand that variables like respondent variability,
interviewer bias, and interview setting might affect interview reliability. To

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 strengthen the reliability of interview data, researchers should employ strict
procedures and strategies such inter-rater reliability checks.

Questionnaires

Accuracy

Maintaining the validity and reliability of the data collected requires making sure
that questionnaire accuracy is up to par. In order to collect data for a variety of
purposes, such as market analysis, research, and academics, questionnaires are
essential. A well-designed questionnaire should avoid bias, utilize simple language,
and be in line with the study objectives in order to elicit accurate replies. The
accuracy of data collection is increased by closely monitoring the phrasing,
structure, and formatting of the questions. Before a product is widely distributed,
pilot testing also aids in identifying and resolving any potential ambiguities or
misunderstandings. Researchers and organizations can securely gain useful insights
from collected data by prioritizing accuracy in both questionnaire design and
implementation. This will strengthen the overall integrity of their results and
decision-making processes.

Reliability

Reliability of the questionnaire is essential for reliable and accurate data gathering.
The key is reliability, which reflects consistency in responses across time and
among respondents. Reliability is established using methods such as test-retest and
inter-rater reliability and metrics such as Cronbach's alpha. Good reliability
indicates consistent measurement of target parameters, which increases confidence
in research conclusions. To preserve reliability and provide confidence in study
outcomes, researchers must take biases into account when designing questionnaires.

Ways to increase Validity, Reliability and Accuracy

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Interviews

Assuring the validity, trustworthiness, and accuracy of interviews is essential to gaining

insightful information and arriving at wise judgments. It's critical to match interview
questions to particular job needs in order to increase authenticity and guarantee a direct
evaluation of pertinent abilities and competencies. The development of a systematic and
uniform interviewing procedure promotes uniformity, reduces prejudices, and ensures that
each candidate receives an equal appraisal.In addition, the combination of situational and
behavioral questions can improve accuracy by encouraging applicants to utilize personal
experiences to illustrate their skills in real-world situations. Implementing stringent
interviewer training programs also helps to increase accuracy by making sure interviewers
are skilled at impartially and consistently assessing responses.By regularly reviewing and
improving interview processes in light of performance data, continuous improvement is
accomplished and allows for adaptability to changing organizational needs. The validity,
reliability, and precision of the interview processes are continuously improved by this
iterative process.

Questionnaires

To gather trustworthy and significant data, questionnaires must be valid, dependable, and
accurate. Carefully crafting questions that are properly aligned with study objectives is
crucial to enhancing validity as it helps to prevent ambiguity and potential misinterpretations.
A pilot study with a limited sample size facilitates the identification of any clarity or
relevance-related problems. Ensuring uniform interpretation and response from participants
is achieved by keeping consistency in language and formatting across all questions, hence
strengthening reliability. Reliability can also be increased by using verified survey questions
and defined measurement scales. Using clear language and avoiding biased or leading
questions improves accuracy. Questionnaires can be kept current and useful throughout time

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by being reviewed and updated on a regular basis in response to feedback and changing
research objectives. In conclusion, attaining high standards of validity, reliability, and
precision in data collecting requires a careful approach to questionnaire design and continual
improvement.

Limitations and Future research Suggestions

Future Suggestions

 To reduce latency and enhance real-time interactions, handle data close to its source
by utilizing edge computing technology. This ensures a faster and more flexible user
experience, which is a key factor in SocialSphere’s success.

 Consider implementing blockchain technology to improve data security and

transparency. Users may have more control over their data thanks to this
decentralized approach, which could boost trust in the platform's information
management capabilities.

 Prioritize the development of models for comprehensible artificial intelligence (XAI).

This will ensure that AI judgments are transparent and comprehensible, encouraging
user trust and compliance with changing data protection regulations.

 Imagine the potential applications of quantum computing for large-scale data

management. Even though technology is still in its infancy, quantum computing has
the power to revolutionize machine learning and data analysis, creating new avenues
for the creation of increasingly sophisticated algorithms.

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  Invest in eco-friendly data practices to reduce the environmental impact of data
processing. This means adopting ecologically friendly data center designs, boosting
server efficiency, and utilizing renewable energy sources.

 incorporating design features that maximize the capabilities of 5G networks to

provide faster data transfer speeds and lower latency. This opens doors for more
engaging live streaming, more immersive multimedia content, and better augmented
reality interactions.

Limitations

 Social media companies routinely face criticism as a result of privacy issues brought
on by their massive data collection and user tracking policies.

 Biases from the training data may be incorporated into the big data analysis
algorithms, which could result in the production of discriminating outcomes.

 Due to the vast amounts of user data they possess, social media companies are
attractive targets for cyberattacks and possible data breaches.

 Metrics like click-through rates and platform usage duration may not accurately
reflect user pleasure or the general caliber of user interactions if they are prioritized.

 Cybercriminals can carry out social engineering attacks, modify data, and spread
misleading narratives by taking advantage of flaws in big data platforms.

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  Sophisticated technical infrastructure is necessary to handle and analyze large
amounts of data in real time, but it can also cause errors and scalability problems.

Annexures/ Appendixes

Project Charter

Project Charter

Project Title Impact of the application of Big Data Technologies in operational

efficiency

Start Date 01/02/2024 End Date 11/10/2024

Project Manager H.M.I.S.B.Hennayake

Project Scope The project focuses on evaluating big data usage in social media,
especially tactics similar to SocialSphere’s . It aims to identify best
practices in user engagement, security, and data analytics. The brief
study covers topics such as user behavior analysis, cross-platform
integration, real-time processing, advanced analytics, data security,
A/B testing, and ethical data practices. Drawing inspiration from
SocialSphere, the project seeks to extract valuable lessons to shape
market trends and establish best practices for social media
organizations using big data.

Deliverables
A thorough research report will be the outcome of the study project
on the impact of big data technologies on SocialSphere's business
operational efficiency. As one of the main deliverables, this report

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 will describe how Big Data tools are included, examine how they
affect operational procedures, and offer optimization suggestions.

Assumptions /
Dependencies
The success of the study project is predicated on the assumption that
Big Data technologies must be seamlessly integrated into
SocialSphere's operational procedures. Important elements include
the project's reliance on precise and thorough data about the
business's operations as well as the effective adoption of Big Data
technology by pertinent SocialSphere stakeholders.

Budget of the Project

Proposed Budget = Rs. 4000000.00

Manger – H.M.I.S.B.Hennayake

Project Team Leader – W.B.P. Bandara

Team Members – A.B.AMRNAYAKE

D.H.D. Rathnayke

H.KP.Hettiarchi

TABLE 5 PROJECT CHARTER

Interview Question list / Questionnaire

1. How is big data typically utilized in the company's day-to-day operations?

2. What methods are employed to gather user data, and which sources contribute to the
company's data pool?

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 3. Which famous platforms and technologies does the business utilize to process and
analyze large amounts of data?

4. How does the business use the data it has acquired to generate user profiles?

5. In what ways does the organization apply big data to improve customer experience
and engagement?

6. What measures are in place to guard against user data being misused?

7. Which upcoming developments in big data and analytics is the company closely
observing or intending to utilize?

8. How much do algorithms play a role in the company's decision-making process?

Feedback Form & Responds

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Grading Rubric

Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

LO1 Conduct small-scale research, information gathering and data collection to generate
knowledge on an identified subject

P1 Demonstrate qualitative and quantitative research methods to generate relevant primary

data for an identified theme.

P2 Examine secondary sources to collect relevant secondary data and information for an
identified theme.

M1 Analyse data and information from primary and secondary sources to generate knowledge
on an identified theme.

D1 Interpret findings to generate knowledge on how the research theme supports business
requirements in the identified sector.

LO2 Explore the features and business requirements of organisations in an identified sector

P3 Discuss the features and operational areas of a businesses in an identified sector.

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P4 Discuss the role of stakeholders and their impact on the success of a business

M2 Analyse the challenges to the success of a business in an identified sector

LO3 Produce project plans based on research of the chosen theme for an identified
organisation

P5 Devise comprehensive project plans for a chosen scenario, including a work and resource
allocation breakdown using appropriate tools.

M3 Produce comprehensive project plans that effectively consider aims, objectives and
risks/benefits for an identified organization.

LO4 Present your project recommendations and justifications of decisions made, based on
research of the identified theme and sector

P6 Communicate appropriate project recommendations for technical and non-technical .

audiences.

P7 Present arguments for the planning decisions made when developing the project plans.

P8 Discuss accuracy and reliability of the different research methods applied.

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M4 Assess the extent to which the project recommendations meet the needs of the identified
organisation, including fully supported rationales for planning decisions made.

LO3 & LO4

D2 Evaluate the project planning recommendations made in relation to the needs of the
identified organisation and the accuracy and reliability of the research carried out.

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