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Reflection by Santosh

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Santosh Kumar
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17 views

Reflection by Santosh

Uploaded by

Santosh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Light is a form of energy, which gives us the power of vision.

Light is an electromagnetic wave which produces vision of sensation. It has dual nature. It behaves
as wave as well particles. The wave nature can be explained through reflection and refraction
whereas particle nature can be explained through photo electric effect.

The light is a transverse wave.

Ray of light: It is a line in the direction of movement of light.


Beam of light: It is bunch of rays of light.
Parallel beam: All the rays are parallel.

Reflection of Light
When the light is allowed to fall on highly polished surface, such as mirror, most of the light gets
reflected.
Laws of Reflection
1. The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection.

2. The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence
lie in the same plane.

Image formed by Plane Mirror (Plane reflecting surface)

1. Virtual (imaginary) & Erect : The image that do not form on screen.
Real images can be recorded on the screen.
2. Laterally inverted (The left side of object appear on right side of image)
3. The size of image is equal to that of object.
4. The image formed is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.
Reflection of light by spherical Mirrors:
Mirrors, whose reflecting surface are curved inward or outward spherically are called spherical
mirror.

For example – Spoon The curved surface of shinning spoon can be considered as curved
mirror.

If it is curved inward Act as concave mirror

If it is curved outward Act as a convex mirror.


Few Basic terms related to Spherical Mirror

1. Principal axis: Line joining the pole and centre of curvature of the spherical mirror.
2. Pole: The geometrical central point of the reflecting spherical surface. (aperture), denoted
by (P).
3. Aperture: The width of reflecting spherical surface.
4. Centre of curvature: The centre of the hollow glass sphere of which the spherical mirror is
a part is called as centre of curvature.
5. Radius of curvature: The distance between the pole and the centre of curvature. i.e.
PC = R or The radius of the hollow sphere of which the mirror is a part.
6. Focus point: The point on the principal axis, where all parallel rays meet after reflection is
called as Principal Focus or Focus. It is denoted by letter ‘F’.
7. Focal length: The distance between the pole and focus point i.e. PF = f

8. Relationship between focal length and Radius of curvature.


R=2f
Rules for Ray Diagram in Spherical Mirror
Before we learn the formation of image or ray diagram, let us go through few tips

(a) Remember, a ray of light which is parallel to principal axis always pass through focus (meet at
focus) or vice-versa.

(b) A ray of light which passes through centre of curvature (it is also known as normal at the point
of incidence on spherical mirror) will retrace their path after reflection.

(c) A ray of light falling on pole get reflected at the same angle on the other side of principal axis.
Note: A ray of light passes through centre of curvature of reflecting spherical surface always act as
normal at the point of incidence. If we know the normal we can draw angle of incidence and angle
of reflection

Note 1: The image will only form when two or more rays meets at a point. Image formation by a
concave mirror for different position of the object.

Image Formation by Concave Mirror


Image formation by Convex Mirror

Uses of Concave Mirror


1 Used in torches, search light and headlight of vehicle.
2. Used to see large image of face as shaving mirror
3. Used by dentist to see large images of the teeth
4. Large concave mirror used to focus sunlight (heat) in solar furnaces.
Uses of Convex Mirror
Used as rear-view mirror in vehicles because it gives erect image. It also helps the driver to view
large area.
Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirror
1. The object is always placed to the left side of mirror.
2. All distance should be measured from pole (P); parallel to principal axis.
3. Take ‘P’ as origin. Distances measured
Right of the origin (+x-Axis) are taken positive
Left of the origin (–x-Axis) are taken negative
Perpendicular to and above principal axis (+y-Axis) are taken positive
Perpendicular to and below principal axis (–y-Axis) are taken negative
Mirror Formula
1 1 1
+ =
𝑣 𝑢 𝑓

f distance between F and Pole

v distance of image from Pole

u distance of object from Pole

f u v

-ve(real)
CONCAVE -ve(real) -ve(real)
+ve(virtual)

CONVEX +ve +ve +ve

Magnification
It is expressed as the ratio of the height of the image to height of the object.

How to read Magnification:

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