1

Sr.
No.
Topic
Page
No.
1
ABSTRACT
4
2
TYPES OF ROUTING
PROTOCOLS
5
 2

3
STATIC ROUTING
PROTOCOLS
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ DISADVANTAGES
6
4
DYNAMIC ROUTING
PROTOCOLS
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ DISADVANTAGES
7
 3

5
DISTANCE VECTOR
ROUTING PROTOCOL
(DVR)
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ DISADVANTAGES
8
6
LINK STATE ROUTING
PROTOCOL
➢ ADVANTAGES
9
 4

7
WHAT IS THE
PURPOSE OF
ROUTING
PROTOCOLS?
10
8
CONCLUSION
11
REFERENCES
12
Sr. Topic Page
 5

No. No.
Page
Sr. No.
No.
Sr.
No.
Sr.
No.
Sr.
No.
Sr.
No.
1 ABSTRACT

➢ FEATURES OF RIP
 6

➢ CONFIGURATION
➢ ADAVANTAGES OF RIP

➢ DISADVANTAGES OF RIP

2
TYPES OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS
3 STATIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS
➢ ADVANTAGES
➢ DISADVANTAGES
STATIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS
➢ ADVANTAGES

4 DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS

➢ ADVANTAGES

➢ DISADVANTAGES

1.ABSTRACT

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing

protocol that uses hop count as a routing metric to find the best
path between the source and the destination network. It is a
distance-vector routing protocol that has an AD value of 120 and
works on the Network layer of the OSI model. RIP uses port
number 520.
 7

Hop Count
Hop count is the number of routers occurring in between
the source and destination network. The path with the lowest
hop count is considered as the best route to reach a network and
therefore placed in the routing table. RIP prevents routing loops
by limiting the number of hops allowed in a path from source
and destination. The maximum hop count allowed for RIP is 15
and a hop count of 16 is considered as network unreachable.
Routing Information Protocols are the set of defined
rules used by the routers to communicate between source &
destination. They do not move the information to the source to a
destination, but only update the routing table that contains the
information. Network Router protocols helps you to specify way
routers communicate with each other. It allows the network to
select routes between any two nodes on a computer network.
Routing is the process your computer uses to transmit a
packet between different subnets. If you want to communicate
with a computer on a different subnet from your own, your
computer must forward the data packets to a router. A router is
the software and hardware responsible for delivering packets
between two subnets. Each router uses an internal routing table
to determine the best path to send a packet.
1. ABSTRACT
Routing Protocols are the set of defined rules used by the
routers to
 8

communicate between source & destination. They do not move

the
information to the source to a destination, but only update the
routing
table that contains the information.
Network Router protocols helps you to specify way routers
communicate with each other. It allows the network to select
routes
between any two nodes on a computer network.
Routing is the process your computer uses to transmit a packet
between different subnets. If you want to communicate with a
computer on a different subnet from your own, your computer
must
forward the data packets to a router. A router is the software and
hardware responsible for delivering packets between two
subnets.
Each router uses an internal routing table to determine the best
path to
send a packet.

Features of RIP:
1. Updates of the network are exchanged periodically.
2. Updates (routing information) are always broadcast.
3. Full routing tables are sent in updates.
4. Routers always trust routing information received from
neighbor routers. This is also known as Routing on rumors.
 9

Configuration:

Consider the above-given topology which has 3-routers R1, R2,

R3. R1 has IP address 172.16.10.6/30 on s0/0/1,
192.168.20.1/24 on fa0/0. R2 has IP address 172.16.10.2/30 on
s0/0/0, 192.168.10.1/24 on fa0/0. R3 has IP address
172.16.10.5/30 on s0/1, 172.16.10.1/30 on s0/0, 10.10.10.1/24
on fa0/0.
Configure RIP for R1 :
R1(config)# router rip
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.20.0
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.10.4
R1(config-router)# version 2
 10

R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
Note: no auto-summary command disables the auto-
summarisation. If we don’t select any auto-summary, then the
subnet mask will be considered as classful in Version 1.
Configuring RIP for R2:
R2(config)# router rip
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0
R2(config-router)# network 172.16.10.0
R2(config-router)# version 2
R2(config-router)# no auto-summary
Similarly,
Configure RIP for R3 :
R3(config)# router rip
R3(config-router)# network 10.10.10.0
R3(config-router)# network 172.16.10.4
R3(config-router)# network 172.16.10.0
R3(config-router)# version 2
R3(config-router)# no auto-summary

Advantages of RIP :
 11

•Simplicity: RIP is a relatively simple protocol to configure and

manage, making it an ideal choice for small to medium-sized
networks with limited resources.
•Easy implementation: RIP is easy to implement, as it does not
require much technical expertise to set up and maintain.
•Convergence: RIP is known for its fast convergence time,
meaning that it can quickly adapt to changes in network
topology and route packets efficiently.
•Automatic updates: RIP automatically updates routing tables at
regular intervals, ensuring that the most up-to-date information
is being used to route packets.
•Low bandwidth overhead: RIP uses a relatively low amount of
bandwidth to exchange routing information, making it an ideal
choice for networks with limited bandwidth.
•Compatibility: RIP is compatible with many different types of
routers and network devices, making it easy to integrate into
existing networks.

Disadvantages of RIP :
•Limited scalability: RIP has limited scalability, and it may not
be the best choice for larger networks with complex topologies.
RIP can only support up to 15 hops, which may not be sufficient
for larger networks.
•Slow convergence: While RIP is known for its fast convergence
time, it can be slower to converge than other routing protocols.
 12

This can lead to delays and inefficiencies in network

performance.
•Routing loops: RIP can sometimes create routing loops, which
can cause network congestion and reduce overall network
performance.
•Limited support for load balancing: RIP does not support
sophisticated load balancing, which can result in suboptimal
routing paths and uneven network traffic distribution.
•Security vulnerabilities: RIP does not provide any native
security features, making it vulnerable to attacks such as
spoofing and tampering.
•
2.Types of Routing Protocols
There are mainly two types of Network Routing Protocols
• Static
• Dynamic
 13

3. Static Routing
Protocols
Static routing protocols
are used when an
administrator manually
assigns the path from
source to the destination
network. It offers more
security to the network.
Advantages
 14

• No overhead on
router CPU.
• No unused
bandwidth between
links.
• Only the
administrator is able to
add routes
Disadvantages
 15

• The administrator
must know how each
router is connected.
• Not an ideal option
for large networks as it
is time intensive.
• Whenever link fails
all the network goes
down which is not
feasible in small
networks.
3. Static Routing Protocols
 16

Static routing protocols are used when an administrator

manually
assigns the path from source to the destination network. It offers
more
security to the network.

Advantages:
• No overhead on router CPU.
• No unused bandwidth between links.
• Only the administrator is able to add routes

Disadvantages:
• The administrator must know how each router is connected.
• Not an ideal option for large networks as it is time intensive.
• Whenever link fails all the network goes down which is not
feasible in small networks.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
 27

Inefficient use of bandwidth: RIP uses a lot of bandwidth for

periodic updates, which can be inefficient in networks with
limited bandwidth.