Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

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Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain

journal homepage: www.journals.elsevier.com/cleaner-logistics-and-supply-chain

A review of halal supply chain research: Sustainability and operations

research perspective
Dwi Agustina Kurniawati a, *, Andi Cakravastia b
a
Optimization, Operations Research, and Industrial System Research Group (2ORIS-RG), Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia
b
Industrial Engineering Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Keywords: This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of halal supply chain optimization from the perspective of
Sustainability sustainability and the application of operation research (OR) methodology. There are three issues in the halal
Halal supply chain supply chain that could describe its close relationship with sustainability. The first is halal integrity to ensure the
Optimization
halal-ness of a product. The second is the limited adoption of halal supply chain, and the third issue is limited
Operation research
Review
number of studies that discuss sustainability in halal supply chain. To the best of our knowledge, there are very
few researches in halal supply chain, particularly which consider sustainability in halal supply chain and which
apply operation research (OR) method. The literature review is done through a comprehensive review of pub­
lications from 2000 to 2022. The review papers are classified based on eight categories in the taxonomy
developed in this study. This paper may contribute to giving comprehensive review and identifying research
challenges in sustainable halal supply chain optimization with OR approach. Based on the review, halal supply
chain studies have been showing an increasing trend starting from 2011. Most publications are from Malaysia,
while Indonesia comes second even though Indonesia has the largest Moslem population in the world. Most of
the studies focus on whole supply chain and strategic decision level. Limited research is found in operation level
decision. Most of the study focus on the study of food and beverages. Only a few studies have considered sus­
tainability issue in halal supply chain. The review found that there is a balance between the application of
quantitative and qualitative approach in halal supply chain. However artificial intelligence (AI) approach has not
yet been applied in the research area of halal supply chain. Based on those findings, it is necessary to conduct
more studies in the area of halal supply chain and relate it with sustainability using OR/AI methodology.

1. Introduction A sustainable supply chain, referring to Carter and Rogers (2008, p.

368), is defined as “the strategic, transparent integration, and achieve­
Based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which were adop­ ment of an organization’s social, environmental, and economic goals in
ted by the United Nations, development must balance social, economic, the systemic coordination of key inter-organizational business processes
and environmental sustainability (https://www.undp.org/sustainabl for improving the long-term economic performance of the individual
e-development-goals). Seuring and Muller (2008) and Seuring (2013) company and its supply chains”. This definition is based on the triple
defined the sustainability as the organisation’s ability in balancing the bottom line: economic performance, environmental performance, and
performance of economic and environmental for its sustainability in the social performance, and four supporting facets: risk management,
long term. Sustainability has triple bottom-line approach to measure the transparency, strategy, and culture (Carter and Rogers, 2008; Carter and
company’s performance and this approach integrating the performance Easton, 2011).
of environmental and social measures with economic measures (Kafet­ In the food industry, one of the objectives of a sustainable supply
zopoulos et al., 2013; Schaltegger and Burritt, 2014). Therefore, com­ chain is to reduce food waste. As reported by Lee and Dye (2012), Huang
panies are responsible not just for creating economic value, but also the et al. (2018) and Beullens and Ghiami (2021), around 30 % of food
environment and society values as a whole. becomes waste during its distribution and supply chain. Considering this

* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: [email protected] (D.A. Kurniawati).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clscn.2023.100096
Received 23 July 2022; Received in revised form 30 January 2023; Accepted 16 February 2023
Available online 20 February 2023
2772-3909/© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-
nc-nd/4.0/).
D.A. Kurniawati and A. Cakravastia Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

issue, a sustainable supply chain becomes one important issue, and it is that of halal supply chain. Customer dissatisfaction, customer distrust,
therefore important to reduce food waste to achieve sustainability in its and loss of halal product sales are other intangible costs that also need to
supply chain. In the food industry, there is one unique food product that be considered.
has a specific character compared to other common food products, The last issue is limited study, in terms of the number of previous
which is halal food product. Halal food product is processed under Is­ studies which discuss sustainability in halal supply chain. Based on our
lamic rule and does not contain or is contaminated by any non-halal study, only 5 out of 38 studies published in journals discuss halal supply
ingredients. chain and sustainability issues; there are still very few researches in this
Halal food industries are becoming more promising because now area. This is also supported by Abdullah et al. (2018), Rahman et al.
halal food are becoming trend in the market. In addition, Moslem con­ (2013) and Rejeb et al. (2021) who mention that there is still a lack of
sumers have high awareness of the consumption of halal product (Kur­ research related to sustainable practices in the halal supply chain.
niawati and Savitri, 2020). Based on the State of the Global Islamic In addition, apart from those three issues, there are some scholars
Economy Report 2017/2018, food industries contribute to 62 % of the who have investigated the relationship between sustainability and halal
global halal consumer spending, which means that food industries supply chain. Haleem et al. (2021) developed a conceptual framework in
become a very dominant sector (62 %) in the halal industries. Mean­ order to relate the halal supply chain management with sustainable
while, according to the second edition of the Halal Guidebook report in performance. They found that effective management of the halal supply
2021, global halal economy is estimated to be worth $3.2 trillion by chain is positively related to the sustainable performance of the firms;
2024, ranking first is the food and beverage industry. Further, the State thus, it could help managers create a sustainable organisation. They also
of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2020/2021 projected that halal proposed sustainable performance measures and measurement items for
food consumption will reach $1.38 trillion in 2024. halal supply chain. Recent research by Khan et al. (2022c) examines the
Halal products can be considered non-halal if they have direct con­ relationship between the sustainability and halal supply chain man­
tact with non-halal products during distribution, transportation, logis­ agement. They provided a framework for the halal supply chain man­
tics, and warehousing (Tieman, 2011). Direct contact with non-halal agement by evaluating halal practices’ impact on sustainability
products can be caused by mixing between halal and non-halal products, performance measures empirically. Other scholars, Ibrahim et al. (2018)
known as cross-contamination. To guarantee the halal integrity of the provide a framework for sustainable halal supply chain. Their study
halal food products, it is required the halal supply chain (Tieman et al., proposes five determinants of halal sustainable supply chain perfor­
2013). The halal supply chain becomes an important part of halal cluster mance: (i) global ethics, (ii) environmental purchasing, (iii) sustainable
pillars since it becomes a significant part of halal product assurance and packaging, (iv) halal sustainable packaging, and (v) moral re­
halal integrity (Tieman, 2013; Lodhi, 2009; Tieman et al., 2012). sponsibility. Specifically, Noorliza (2020) proposed a sustainable model
With these rigid requirements, many studies on halal-related topics for halal logistics in pharmaceutical industry.
(i.e., Tieman (2013), Zailani et al. (2017) and Khan et al. (2022b)) argue From the aspect of triple bottom line, the relationship between halal
that for halal food products assurance purposes, it is required to supply chain and sustainability is explained as follows. From the
implement a halal supply chain. To ensure and guarantee the halal-ness economical sustainability aspect, there is a clear relationship between
of the halal product, the halal product must be distributed using the halal supply chain and sustainability. Halal requires implementation of
concept of halal supply chain, otherwise contamination can occur, and halal supply chain, in which if the halal logistics are not well imple­
the halal product can change into a non-halal product. A halal supply mented, it might result in higher logistics cost than conventional supply
chain means a supply chain that can guarantee the halal-ness of halal chain. Therefore, implementing the halal supply chain may overcome
products and keep the halal integrity in the whole supply chain from this issue and minimize the logistics cost. From the environmental side
farm to fork. Referring to Tieman (2013) and Zailani et al. (2017), the of sustainability, if the halal supply chain is not well implemented,
halal supply chain can be defined as the whole activities of halal product contamination can occur, and halal product could become waste which
distribution across the supply chain in order to prevent any contami­ may be harmful and cannot be consumed by Moslems then detrimental
nation and to observe the Islamic rule, starting from production and to the environment. In terms of social sustainability, when the halal
distribution, and finally to the customers. supply chain is not well managed, the halal product can become
There is a close relationship between halal supply chain and sus­ contaminated with non-halal product, and as a result it could make
tainability. There are at least three issues that could describe this rela­ social distrust and are dissatisfaction with the halal company or the
tionship. The first issue is the importance of halal integrity to ensure the industry. Society’s distrust and dissatisfaction could be unfavorable
halal-ness of the product. According to Tieman (2011), cross- from the societal aspect.
contamination could change the halal food into non-halal food and Ali et al. (2014) and Khan et al. (2018) argued that the halal pro­
the contaminated halal food is potentially wasted. Halal integrity is an duction system must be able to ensure the wholesomeness of the halal
issue of sustainability. If any halal product and its supply chain is broken food products. Hassan (2016) mentioned that the production of halal
or halal integrity cannot be maintained, it can cause the halal product goods is must follow the principle of removal of elements which are
become non-halal product, and then it becomes food waste. The higher hazardous to human health and the environment. In addition, halal
the risk of halal integrity is broken, the higher the possibility of halal values also promote for higher animal welfare (Nakyinsige et al. (2013),
food becoming food waste, and vice versa. Food that changes may Sabow et al. (2015), and Tieman and Hassan (2015). Abdullah et al.
become food waste and cannot be consumed. It is also costly and (2018) identify green practices for managing the halal food supply chain
harmful to the environment. It makes society or customer have distrust management and measure the sustainable performance through adop­
and dissatisfaction with the product, which means it is moving away tion of green practices. Haleem et al. (2021) stated that stakeholders in
from sustainability. halal supply chain management need to implement a good ethic of
The second issue is limited adoption of halal supply chain. Halal business, fair trade, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility.
integrity requires the implementation of halal supply chain. Limited Therefore, the halal supply chain needs to implement the sustainability
adoption of halal supply chain means there is still very few industry and practices which is sustainability actually have been integrated in the
business owners who implement the halal supply chain and use halal halal supply chain concept since halal obligate the product should be
logistics. They, in practice, still tend to use conventional logistics and wholesome, hygienic, safe, and implement the fair trade and animal
supply chain because of economical reasons, that is lower transportation welfare (Rezai et al., 2015). Based on the perspectives and insights from
cost and logistics cost. As a result, there are still very few industries that the scholars on halal-related topics, the halal supply chain is positively
use and adopt the halal certificated logistics. This raises a new question related to the sustainable performance of the firms, thus helping man­
of whether the cost of the conventional supply chain is really lower than agers in making the organisation sustainable in the long term. Therefore,

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D.A. Kurniawati and A. Cakravastia Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

Fig. 1. Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review Process.

halal supply chain management is related to sustainability. cost, etc). Today, OR is becoming a dominant decision-making tool. In
There are several complex problems that arise in the supply chain general, the crucial thing in the OR model is the determination of
optimization, such as distribution network, vehicle routing optimiza­ alternative or decision variables which are used to create objective
tion, product allocation, supplier selection, etc. These optimization function and model constraints. In general, the OR model consists of 3
problems have been successfully solved using the Operation Research basic components: (1) decision variable, which we want to determine
(OR) method. OR method has been widely used to solve many problems the value of, (2) objective function, which we want to optimize (maxi­
in the supply chain and help to optimize the practice of supply chain. mize or minimize), (3) constraints, where the model solution must meet
Previous research, as in Agustina et al. (2014), Aisyah and Kurniawati the constraints.
(2019), and Kurniawati et al. (2022), use OR method to optimize the On the other hand, to the best of our knowledge, very few researches
supply chain, address the issue for sustainability, and to minimize the in halal supply chain use OR method. These studies are by Mohammed
cost in the distribution network. Therefore, OR is considered as one of et al. (2017), Kurniawati (2018), Aisyah and Kurniawati (2019), Kwag
the best methods to solve the problem and optimize the supply chain. and Ko (2019), and Kurniawati et al. (2022) that use OR method to
According to Taha (2007), OR method is an analytical method for minimize the costs in halal supply chain. Similar to the conventional
problem-solving and decision-making that is useful for the management supply chain, the halal supply chain also requires OR method to opti­
of a company. In OR, a problem is divided into components and then mize its implementation since halal supply chain also has the same
solved by mathematical analysis to optimize a particular system. OR characteristics and similar system and problem with conventional sup­
science uses techniques and methods from mathematics, such as math­ ply chain. Some problems which arise during the implementation of
ematical modeling, statistical analysis, and mathematical optimization halal supply chain that need OR method include minimizing the total
to produce optimal or near-optimal solution values for complex problem halal logistics cost, minimizing the distribution network for halal
decision making. The spearhead of OR is the mathematical model. The products, maximizing the halal meat distribution, minimizing the
solution of the mathematical model becomes the basis of decision shortage of distribution or supply for halal product, optimizing the
making. Tangible and intangible factors must be considered before the warehouse lay-out for halal product, and other problems related with
final decision is taken. OR usually focuses on determining the ultimate optimization. The implementation of OR method is also suitable and can
value of objectives in the real world: maximization (such as profit, answer the second issue in this paper: limited adoption of halal supply
performance, revenue, results, etc) or minimization (such as loss, risk, chain. The questions which arise in the second issue include minimizing

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D.A. Kurniawati and A. Cakravastia Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

Fig. 2. Taxonomy of Review.

the total halal logistics/transportation cost, halal logistics cost versus then identify the research challenges in the sustainable halal supply
mixed logistics cost (which one is more profitable), the best route/dis­ chain, especially with OR method. The review does not only focus on the
tribution planning in a more economical way, and so forth. Therefore, food industry, but also cover other halal industries such as food, bev­
OR is also a suitable method of optimizing a system, not just conven­ erages, pharmacy, and cosmetics industrie. Theoretical contribution of
tional supply chain but also halal supply chain. Therefore, a study which this study is the study does not only review the halal supply chain, but
aims to extensively review the halal supply chain references from the OR also link the halal supply chain with sustainability. Another outcome of
perspective and sustainability issue is needed. this study is that this study could give information on a research area
Based on our literature review, there are some review papers in halal that still lacks in the halal supply chain. In addition, it could be a
supply chain area. However, they only discuss halal supply chain from guideline and a roadmap for future research in the halal supply chain
the conceptual point of view, for example Ab Talib et al. (2015), Ab field, such as in the area of optimizing the operational of halal supply
Talib et al. (2020), Indarti et al. (2020) and Naeem et al. (2020). None of chain, the area between halal supply chain and sustainability, and so
these reviews focus on halal supply chain with quantitative methods, forth. Therefore, the results of this study could be used by scholars and
especially OR method, nor address the issue of sustainability. Therefore, practitioners in halal supply chain to improve the theory and the
this study hopes to fill the gap by focusing on the literature review of implementation of halal supply chain.
halal supply chain from the perspective of sustainability and the appli­
cation of OR. The objective of this study is to propose a novel 2. Methodology
comprehensive-systematic literature review of halal supply chain
research from the perspectives of OR method and sustainability, and To achieve the objective of this study, we conducted a

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D.A. Kurniawati and A. Cakravastia Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

Table 1
Taxonomy Review Results.
No Author (Year) Quantitative Methodology Qualitative Decision level Object Sustainability AI
Issue Techniques
OR DS Statistics HOR/QFD/ Halal S T O F&B C&Ph F G
Six Sigma

1 Khan et al., 2021 1 1 1 0 0

2 Khan et al., 2022b 1 1 1 0 0
3 Khan et al., 2022a 1 1 1 0 0
4 Maman et al., 2018 1 1 1 0 0
5 Hendayani and 1 1 1 0 0
Febrianta, 2020
6 Ab Rashid and Bojei, 1 1 1 0 0
2020
7 Fathi et al., 2016 1 1 1 0 0
8 Haleem et al., 2021 1 1 1 1 0
9 Haleem and Khan, 1 1 1 0 0
2017
10 Tan et al., 2017 1 1 1 0 0
11 Ali et al., 2017 1 1 1 0 0
12 Ab Talib, 2021 1 1 1 0 0
13 Ab Talib and Abdul 1 1 1 0 0
Hamid, 2014
14 Shahijan et al., 2014 1 1 1 0 0
15 Mohammed et al., 2017 1 1 1 1 0
16 Ngah et al., 2015 1 1 1 0 0
17 Ngah et al., 2020 1 1 1 0 0
18 Ngah et al., 2017 1 1 1 0 0
19 Mohamed et al., 2020 1 1 1 0 0
20 Susanty et al., 2021 1 1 1 0 0
21 Manzouri et al., 2013 1 1 1 0 0
22 Selim et al., 2022 1 1 1 0 0
23 Ag Majid et al., 2021 1 1 1 0 0
24 Abdul Rahman et al., 1 1 1 0 0
2018
25 Bashir et al., 2019 1 1 1 0 0
26 Poniman et al., 2015 1 1 1 0 0
27 Vanany et al., 2019 1 1 1 0 0
28 Vanany et al., 2021 1 1 1 0 0
29 Kwag and Ko, 2019 1 1 1 1 0
30 Tieman et al., 2012 1 1 1 0 0
31 Tieman, 2011 1 1 1 0 0
32 Azmi et al., 2020 1 1 1 0 0
33 Zailani et al., 2017 1 1 1 0 0
34 Zulfakar et al., 2018 1 1 1 0 0
35 Kurniawati, 2018 1 1 1 1 0
36 Kurniawati et al., 2022 1 1 1 1 0
37 Ngah et al., 2022 1 1 1 0 0
38 Ngah et al., 2019 1 1 1

TOTAL 4 3 15 3 13 25 10 3 29 2 0 7 5 0

Notes: OR: Operation Research; DS: Decision Sciences; HOR: House of Risk; QFD: Quality Function Deployment; S: Strategic; T:Tactical; O: Operational; F&B: Food and
Beverage; C & Ph: Cosmetics and Pharmacy; F: Fashion; G: General.

comprehensive and systematic literature review of halal supply chain addition, research challenges found in this research area are based on
references from the OR and sustainability perspectives. The review the taxonomy of review. The research challenges can be the guideline for
methodology proposed in this study is adapted from Denyer and Tran­ future research.
field (2009), Zimmermann et al. (2016) and Ab Talib et al. (2020), and it
is presented in Fig. 1. 3. Results: Taxonomy of review and findings
The figure shows some criteria to search the articles in Google
Scholar and Scopus using the keywords “halal”, “halal supply chain”, A comprehensive and systematic literature review for halal supply
and “halal logistics”. The time of publication is limited to 2000 to 2022. chain research is conducted based on the review methodology that has
The papers reviewed are written in English and from journals only. been described in the previous section. Refer to Robinson and Lowe
Papers from proceedings are excluded from this review. Based on those (2015), although there is no exact rule on the quantities of papers for a
criteria, 55 articles were obtained and further evaluated and selected. systematic literature review, but a review of less than 50 papers is still
Finally, only 38 research articles were included in the review. The 38 acceptable. Besides, a narrow systematic literature review on niche
articles were then analysed and synthesized based on the taxonomy of areas can still provide new insights (Kraus et al., 2020).
review. The taxonomy of review is important in the review process As described in Fig. 1, it is necessary to formulate a taxonomy of
because it formulates the review systematically and becomes the review to classify and group the literature. After that, it can be further
framework of the review process. The taxonomy of this review is analysed and the finding can then be drawn based on the taxonomy. In
formulated and proposed based on the objective of the study, that is this study, the taxonomy of halal supply chain research based on oper­
considering the OR method and sustainability. Taxonomy for review ation research and sustainability perspectives is formulated and pre­
becomes the guideline and footprint of this study. The outcome of the sented in Fig. 2. The formulation of the taxonomy refers to Agustina
review is the taxonomy in halal supply chain research review. In et al. (2010), Zimmermann et al. (2016) and Ab Talib et al. (2020). Since

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D.A. Kurniawati and A. Cakravastia Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

Table 2
Halal supply chain research used OR Method.
No Author Method Used Objective/Topics Coverage of halal Decision Object Sustainability
supply chain level Issue

1 Mohammed MILP and stochastic A multi-objective approach for low-cost algorithm for Whole supply Tactical Food No
et al., 2017 programming model RFID-enabled halal supply chain network design chain
2 Kwag and Ko, MILP Mathematical model of location and allocation of the Whole supply Tactical Food No
2019 halal food logistics network (farms, butcheries and food chain
plants)
3 Kurniawati, MILP Mathematical model approach for a sustainable halal Whole supply Tactical Food Yes
2018 food supply chain by minimizing the shortage, overstock, chain
and transportation cost
4 Kurniawati MILP and Tabu search Proposed a model and algorithm to minimize the vehicle Logistics Operational Food No
et al., 2022 algorithm route dedicated to halal product and non-halal product
distribution

Note: MILP: Mixed Integer Linear Program.

the review is a comprehensive literature review, the taxonomy of review The third taxonomy is the journal of publication, and the review
results in 8 (eight) categories and some categories can have 1, 2 or 3 finding is shown in Fig. 3c. Based on Fig. 3c, the result shows that the
levels as shown in Fig. 2. publications are dominated by Journal of Islamic Marketing and fol­
In the proposed taxonomy of review, the first category is year of lowed by British Food Journal. Journal of Islamic Marketing becomes
publication, the second is the country of publication, and the third is the leading journal in halal supply chain area. The fourth taxonomy is on
journal of publication. The fourth category is coverage of supply chain, halal supply chain (Fig. 3d). Based on the findings in this category, most
and this category has the second level that consists of the whole supply publications focus on the whole supply chain: supplier, manufacturer,
chain, manufacturer, warehousing, transportation, retailer, and logis­ distributor, retailer, and customer. As seen in Fig. 3d, there are only a
tics. The fifth category is decision level, which is further categorized as small number of publications that study specific components of the
strategic, tactical, and operational level. In the sixth category, the supply chain (warehouse, transportation, and retailer). Therefore, more
classification is the object of study. In this classification, the object of the research focusing on specific components of halal supply chain, such as
study is divided into the second level; they are food and beverage, optimizing the warehouse operation and retailer, managing the halal
cosmetics and pharmaceutical, fashion, and general. The seventh cate­ transportation, and optimizing the halal logistics is encouraged.
gory is sustainability. This category only consists of a yes and a no to find The fifth taxonomy is decision level, shown in Fig. 3e. Based on this
out whether the reference is related to sustainability issues or not. The category, most publications developed and proposed or formulated so­
eight category is methodology. In this classification, the category is lutions in the strategic level, while very few in the tactical and opera­
divided into three levels. The second level of the methodology are tional levels. Research in this field should be more intensive in building
quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The quantitative method­ ideas or solutions in the tactical and operational areas. To optimize the
ology level is further divided into operation research, decision science, halal supply chain, more study in the tactical and operational area is
and statistics. HOR/QFD, Six Sigma, and AI are in the third level of required. The sixth taxonomy is the object of study. The finding related
category. to the object of study in halal supply chain literature is shown in Fig. 3f
Based on the taxonomy, the literature is further analysed and eval­ in which the majority of the publications are in the sector of food and
uated. Some findings of the review are presented in Tables 1 and 2 and beverage products. This is reasonable since halal is very closely related
Fig. 3, while the other is presented in the appendix. The description of with food, and the product that is most related with halal is food. The
the results of the review is as follows. The first category in the review study of halal supply chain in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals also exists,
taxonomy is the year of publication shown in Fig. 3a, which shows that but there is no study on halal supply chain in fashion. This may motivate
the number of publications in the field of halal supply chain is still few. more research in this area.The seventh taxonomy is the relationship
Based on Fig. 3a, the first publication is in 2011 and the number of between the literature with sustainability (Fig. 3g). The result shows
publications starts to increase 5 years later. The finding shows that halal that from 38 papers reviewed, there are only 5 papers that studied halal
supply chain research is a new branch in the supply chain literature. This supply chain related to sustainability issues which shows that study of
finding is similar to Tieman (2013) who argues that halal supply chain is sustainability in halal supply chain is quite rare. This finding shows that
a new domain in supply chain research and more research in this field is more research in sustainable halal supply chain is needed. The eighth
needed. taxonomy is the methodology used. As shown in Fig. 3h, the result shows
The second taxonomy is publication based on country and the that the number of research in halal supply chain using quantitative and
finding is shown in Fig. 3b. The result shows that Malaysia dominates qualitative methodologies is quite balanced. However, more research
the publication, followed by Indonesia, India, UK, and Australia. In using quantitative methodology is needed because optimizing halal
addition, more research in halal supply chain performed by Moslem supply chain will require more study using quantitative methodology.
countries is required since halal concept is implemented more in Moslem The type of quantitative method appropriate for halal supply chain
countries. In our finding, Indonesia as a country with the largest Moslem research can be found in Fig. 3i below. Based on Fig. 3i, there are four
population, with approximately 230 million adherents of more than 270 methods used in quantitative research. However, they are dominated by
million population, contributes 7 publications between 2018 and 2022. statistics. On the other hand, there are very few studies in halal supply
These papers focus on food and beverages as halal products. There is no chain that use operation research, decision science, and quality
research on other halal products, i.e. cosmetic and pharmaceutical methods. Based on this finding, more study on halal supply chain should
products, fashion, and other halal products. These researches cover all uses quantitative methods in addition to statistics.
decision levels: strategic, tactical, and operation. Most of these papers In terms of optimizing the halal supply chain operation, as shown in
implement quantitative method and only 1 publication applies quali­ Table 2, there are only 4 studies that use OR method for halal supply
tative method. Two publications apply operation research methodology, chain. Considering this finding, we need more study on halal supply
1 publication implements statistical method, and the other 3 publica­ chain that uses OR approach. The current number of studies is not
tions use HOR/QFD/Six Sigma methodology. In terms of sustainability, enough to develop good halal supply chain practice. From 38 journal
only 2 publications cover this issue. papers reviewed, there are only four publications on halal supply chain

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D.A. Kurniawati and A. Cakravastia Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

Fig. 3. Taxonomy review.

that use OR method. All of them use the MILP program, with 1 study Based on Fig. 3j, statistical method mostly used is partial least square
using the MILP and stochastics model and 1 study using MILP and Tabu (PLS). Fig. 3k shows the data collection method used in the statistics.
search algorithm. The object of study in these studies is food products. The figure shows that most of the research that used statistics used
The coverage of the supply chain is the whole supply chain, while only 1 questionnaires, and the others used surveys.
study is logistics. The decision level of the three studies is tactical level In terms of the application of artificial intelligence (AI), based on our
and 1 study is in operational level. In addition, because the objective is review, no studies in halal supply chain area apply AI research method,
to minimize the cost, all of these four studies are considered related to as shown in Fig. 3l. It is therefore necessary to encourage the study of
sustainability. halal supply chain using the AI research method since the AI techniques
For halal supply chain research that used statistics methods, most of are effective and widely used to solve many problems in supply chain. In
them had the relationship. They formulated relationships between var­ recent literature, Toorajipour et al. (2021) present a literature review on
iables or factors and some of them proposed a framework based on it. the application of AI in supply chain management. Their study focuses
Therefore, statistics is a tool that can be used to define the relationship. on English high-quality literature published between 2008 and 2018.

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D.A. Kurniawati and A. Cakravastia Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

Fig. 3. (continued).

Their study found that artificial neural network (ANN) is the most in halal supply chain (HSC) and sustainability using operation research.
applied AI technique in supply chain management. The second most Even though OR method is widely used as a decision tool to assist in
implemented AI technique is fuzzy logic and model. Multi agent and problem solving and optimize a system, the adoption of OR method is
agent based are the most applied AI techniques, while genetic algorithm still rare to assist the implementation of HSC and optimize its imple­
and general form of AI are in the top five of most applied AI techniques. mentation. Thus, the implementation of HSC is still far from the ideal. It
From the literatures reviewed by Toorajipour et al. (2021), we do not is reported that many logistics providers are still reluctant to adopt halal
find any literature that discusses halal supply chain. logistics because they think that halal logistics or halal supply chain may
Based on those taxonomies and findings, there are still very few result in higher cost than conventional logistics or supply chain.
scholars who study halal supply chain optimization using OR method Therefore, many problems may arise in the implementation of HSC
although this method can optimize the halal supply chain practice. The although HSC may be the only type of supply chain which could guar­
research gap found in this review is presented in Fig. 4. antee the halalness of a product. HSC can minimize and avoid cross
contamination of halal products which may not be provided by con­
4. Research findings and challenges ventional supply chain. However, many logistics providers or 3PL have
not implemented it due to high cost.
Based on the taxonomy review, there are still very few research done Whether implementing HSC could result in higher cost than that of

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D.A. Kurniawati and A. Cakravastia Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

Fig. 3. (continued).

Global Goals, were promoted by the United Nations in 2015 as a uni­

versal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that
by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity. In regards to responsible
consumption and production, achieving economic growth and sustain­
able development requires reducing the ecological footprint by chang­
ing the way of producing and consuming goods and resources. Halving
the per capita of global food waste at the retailer and consumer levels is
also important for creating more efficient production and supply chains.
1,3 billion tonnes of food is wasted every year, while almost 2 billion
people go hungry or undernourished.
Therefore, research related to the balanced and sustainable distri­
bution of halal food products is in line with the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) programs by the United Nations and can support the
program for sustainable consumption and production, especially in
Moslem countries. The optimization of halal food product distribution,
which are only a few have been studied and investigated, can take part
in the solution for sustainable consumption and production, reduce halal
food waste, and reduce poverty and fulfil the halal food demand.
Fig. 4. Research Gap in Halal Supply Chain Research from OR and sustain­
ability perspective. 5. Conclusion

conventional supply chain may require more investigation. Costs are The comprehensive and systematic literature review of halal supply
divided into tangible and intangible costs. Intangible costs include chain research has been done using methodology and some criteria to
customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction, customer trust or distrust, while select and evaluate the articles. The taxonomy of halal supply chain
tangible costs include not only transportation cost because of the fuel literature review is proposed. It consists of 8 categories: year of publi­
cost, but also conditions when the halal product is contaminated and cation, country of publication, journal of publication, coverage of supply
becomes food waste, which means that the food waste is also a cost. chain, decision level, object of study, sustainability issue, and method­
Therefore, OR method could help implement HCS better and more ology. Each category has 1, 2 or 3 levels of taxonomy.
efficiently and effectively in that it could minimize the tangible and Halal supply chain is a new research area and domain; and there are
intangible costs, optimize the route of transportation of halal and non still very few (not enough yet) studies in this area, so more studies are
halal products, and so on. needed in this area. Similarly, there is still little study in the operation
In addition, OR method can assist in the decision of optimizing the level (problems) of halal supply chain. There is a need for more research
implementation of HSC in terms of strategic, tactical and operation that focuses on specific parties in halal supply chain, such as trans­
levels, in all halal industries, not only food industries. OR method can portation, warehouse, and logistics. Based on this review, there is not yet
minimize the transportation cost, cross contamination, optimize the a publication about the study of halal supply chain in fashion.
design of layout, including the layout design for warehouse and storage In terms of quantitative methods, the majority used statistical
to minimize cross contamination. There are still very few studies that methods. There are still very few studies in halal supply chain that use
optimize HSC and minimize the effect of unsustainability from the OR method to optimize the halal supply chain practice. More research is
economic, environmental, and social point of view. required in halal supply chain that uses the OR method.
There are some constraints or barriers in implementing HSC such as Implementing OR method is promising in halal supply chain as it can
higher transportation cost, warehousing cost, difficulty of operational optimize the practice of halal supply chain that still has many barriers
efficiency, etc. OR method can assist in optimizing the implementation and problems in its operation, such as optimizing halal logistics, halal
of HSC by optimizing the schedule, assignment, segregation, minimizing product distribution, halal warehouse, halal supply chain network, etc.
the route, optimizing the operational of HSC, minimizing the total cost More study in halal supply chain which addresses sustainability, espe­
of tangible and intangible costs, and so forth. cially using the OR method, is needed. Addressing research in halal
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the supply chain with sustainability can improve the practice and the per­
formance of halal supply chain itself. It is not only for the company, but

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D.A. Kurniawati and A. Cakravastia Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (2023) 100096

Table A1
Taxonomy Review Result for Journal, Country, and Coverage of HSC.
No Author (Year) Journal Country Coverage of Halal Supply Chain

WSC R T L W M

1 Khan et al., 2021 Journal of Modelling in Management India 1

2 Khan et al., 2022b Journal of Islamic Marketing India 1
3 Khan et al., 2022a Journal of Islamic Marketing India 1
4 Maman et al., 2018 Journal of Islamic Marketing Indonesia, Australia 1
5 Hendayani and Febrianta, 2020 Journal of Family Business Management Indonesia 1
6 Ab Rashid and Bojei, 2020 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia 1
7 Fathi et al., 2016 British Food Journal Malaysia 1
8 Haleem et al., 2021 Journal of Islamic Marketing India 1
9 Haleem and Khan, 2017 British Food Journal India 1
10 Tan et al., 2017 Supply Chain Management: An International Journal United Kingdom, Malaysia 1
11 Ali et al., 2017 British Food Journal Malaysia, United Kingdom 1
12 Ab Talib, 2021 Journal of Islamic Marketing Brunei 1
13 Ab Talib and Abdul Hamid, 2014 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia 1
14 Shahijan et al., 2014 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia, Saudi Arabia 1
15 Mohammed et al., 2017 Industrial Management & Data Systems United Kingdom 1
16 Ngah et al., 2015 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia 1
17 Ngah et al., 2020 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia, India 1
18 Ngah et al., 2017 Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research Malaysia 1
19 Mohamed et al., 2020 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia 1
20 Susanty, et al., 2021 Journal of Islamic Marketing Indonesia 1
21 Manzouri et al., 2013 International Journal of Lean Six Sigma Malaysia 1
22 Selim et al., 2022 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia 1
23 Ag Majid et al., 2021 British Food Journal Malaysia 1
24 Abdul Rahman et al., 2018 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia 1
25 Bashir et al., 2019 Journal of Islamic Marketing Republic of Korea, Bangladesh 1
26 Poniman et al., 2015 Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics Malaysia, Australia 1
27 Vanany et al., 2019 Journal of Islamic Marketing Indonesia, United Kingdom 1
28 Vanany et al., 2021 Journal of Islamic Marketing Indonesia, United Kingdom 1
29 Kwag and Ko, 2019 Transportation Research Part E Republic of Korea 1
30 Tieman et al., 2012 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia, Netherlands 1
31 Tieman, 2011 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia 1
32 Azmi et al., 2020 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia 1
33 Zailani et al., 2017 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia 1
34 Zulfakar et al., 2018 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia, Australia 1
35 Kurniawati, 2018 Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Industri Indonesia 1
36 Kurniawati et al., 2022 Journal of Islamic Marketing Indonesia, Singapore 1
37 Ngah et al., 2022 Journal of Islamic Marketing Malaysia, Jordan 1
38 Ngah et al., 2019 Journal of Sustainability Science and Management Malaysia, India 1
TOTAL 16 1 2 9 4 6

Notes: WSC: Whole supply chain; R: Retailer; T: Transportation; L: Logistics; W: Warehouse; M: Manufacturer.

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