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05 Format Specifier

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Gurpreet Singh
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19 views

05 Format Specifier

Uploaded by

Gurpreet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Format Specifiers are used in C for input and output purposes.

Using this
concept the compiler can understand that what type of data is in a variable during taking
input using the scanf() function and printing using printf() function. Here is a list of format
specifiers.

Format Specifier Type

%c Character

%d Signed integer

%e or %E Scientific notation of floats

%f Float values

%g or %G Similar as %e or %E

%hi Signed integer (short)

%hu Unsigned Integer (short)

%i Unsigned integer

%l or %ld or %li Long

%lf Double

%Lf Long double

%lu Unsigned int or unsigned long

%lli or %lld Long long

%llu Unsigned long long

%o Octal representation

%p Pointer

%s String

%u Unsigned int

%x or %X Hexadecimal representation

%n Prints nothing

%% Prints % character
These are the basic format specifiers. We can add some other parts with the format
specifiers. These are like below −
 A minus symbol (-) sign tells left alignment
 A number after % specifies the minimum field width. If string is less than the
width, it will be filled with spaces
 A period (.) is used to separate field width and precision

Example

#include <stdio.h>
main() {
char ch = 'B';
printf("%c\n", ch); //printing character data
//print decimal or integer data with d and i
int x = 45, y = 90;
printf("%d\n", x);
printf("%i\n", y);
float f = 12.67;
printf("%f\n", f); //print float value
printf("%e\n", f); //print in scientific notation
int a = 67;
printf("%o\n", a); //print in octal format
printf("%x\n", a); //print in hex format
char str[] = "Hello World";
printf("%s\n", str);
printf("%20s\n", str); //shift to the right 20 characters including the string
printf("%-20s\n", str); //left align
printf("%20.5s\n", str); //shift to the right 20 characters including the string, and print string up
to 5 character
printf("%-20.5s\n", str); //left align and print string up to 5 character
}

Output
B
45
90
12.670000
1.267000e+001
103
43
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello
Hello
SPECIFIE
R USED FOR
%c a single character
%s a string
%hi short (signed)
%hu short (unsigned)
%Lf long double
%n prints nothing
%d a decimal integer (assumes base 10)
%i a decimal integer (detects the base automatically)
%o an octal (base 8) integer
%x a hexadecimal (base 16) integer
%p an address (or pointer)
%f a floating point number for floats
%u int unsigned decimal
%e a floating point number in scientific notation
%E a floating point number in scientific notation
%% the % symbol

Example:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char first_ch = 'f';
printf("%c\n", first_ch);
return 0;
}

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