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Class 10 Notes

The document provides an overview of trigonometry including definitions of basic trigonometric ratios, the Pythagorean identity, trigonometric functions of special angles, trigonometric identities, solving triangles using trigonometric ratios, and applications of trigonometry such as in navigation, engineering, and physics.

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75 views

Class 10 Notes

The document provides an overview of trigonometry including definitions of basic trigonometric ratios, the Pythagorean identity, trigonometric functions of special angles, trigonometric identities, solving triangles using trigonometric ratios, and applications of trigonometry such as in navigation, engineering, and physics.

Uploaded by

yuktikatija786
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Certainly!

Here are some formatted notes on trigonometry suitable for 10th-grade level:

Trigonometry Notes

1. Introduction to Trigonometry

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with relationships between the sides and angles
of triangles, especially right triangles.

2. Basic Trigonometric Ratios

 Sine (sin θ): Ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the
hypotenuse. sin⁡θ=opposite hypotenuse\sin \theta = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\
text{hypotenuse}}sinθ=hypotenuseopposite

 Cosine (cos θ): Ratio of the length of the side adjacent to the angle to the length of the
hypotenuse. cos⁡θ=adjacent hypotenuse\cos \theta = \frac{\text{adjacent}}{\
text{hypotenuse}}cosθ=hypotenuseadjacent

 Tangent (tan θ): Ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the side
adjacent to the angle. tan⁡θ=opposite adjacent\tan \theta = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\
text{adjacent}}tanθ=adjacent opposite

3. Pythagorean Identity

In a right triangle: sin⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ=1\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1sin2θ+cos2θ=1

This identity is fundamental and helps in deriving various trigonometric identities.

4. Trigonometric Functions of Special Angles

 30°-60°-90° Triangle: sin⁡30°=12,cos⁡30°=32,tan⁡30°=13\sin 30° = \frac{1}{2}, \quad \cos 30° = \


frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, \quad \tan 30° = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}sin30°=21,cos30°=23,tan30°=31

 45°-45°-90° Triangle: sin⁡45°=cos⁡45°=12,tan⁡45°=1\sin 45° = \cos 45° = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \


quad \tan 45° = 1sin45°=cos45°=21,tan45°=1

5. Trigonometric Identities

 Reciprocal Identities: csc⁡θ=1sin⁡θ,sec⁡θ=1cos⁡θ,cot⁡θ=1tan⁡θ\csc \theta = \frac{1}{\sin \theta}, \


quad \sec \theta = \frac{1}{\cos \theta}, \quad \cot \theta = \frac{1}{\tan \theta}cscθ=sinθ1
,secθ=cosθ1,cotθ=tanθ1

 Quotient Identities: tan⁡θ=sin⁡θcos⁡θ,cot⁡θ=cos⁡θsin⁡θ\tan \theta = \frac{\sin \theta}{\cos \


theta}, \quad \cot \theta = \frac{\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}tanθ=cosθsinθ,cotθ=sinθcosθ

 Pythagorean Identities: sin⁡2θ+cos⁡2θ=1\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1sin2θ+cos2θ=1

6. Solving Triangles

Using trigonometric ratios to find unknown sides and angles of triangles, including the Law of Sines
and the Law of Cosines.

7. Applications of Trigonometry

 Navigation: Used in navigation and astronomy to determine distances and angles.


 Engineering: Used in designing structures and analyzing forces.

 Physics: Used in analyzing waveforms, oscillations, and periodic phenomena.

8. Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

Graphs of sine, cosine, and tangent functions showing their periodic nature and properties.

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