IoT and Android-Based Banana Plant Care

Management System Using NodeMCU

Kajal G Bhammar1, Mihir Khode 2, Yash Panchal3, Meet Variya, Ms.
Mubashshirahbanu Shekh4, Ms. Jenisha Tailor5
1,2&3 Students, Shrimad Rajchandra Institute of Management and Computer Application, Bardoli, Gujarat,
India
4&5 Assistant Professor, Shrimad Rajchandra Institute of Management and Computer Application, Bardoli,

Gujarat, India
----------------------------------------------------------------- *** -----------------------------------------------------------

ABSTRACT- Agricultural difficulties in monitoring soil moisture and temperature, which can
lead to poor maintenance and low crop yields, are often encountered in traditional and labor-
intensive methods of banana production. We've created an easy, efficient system that relies
on Internet of Things sensors and the android app to address this problem. These sensors
continuously monitor soil moisture and temperature to provide real time information on the
needs of plants for hydration. The system shall include automated irrigation systems that
may be switched on at any time to ensure accurate water consumption. Furthermore, farmers
are notified when the level of water storage tanks is low so as to avoid interruption of water
supply. The aim of the project is to simplify farm management, reduce labour and improve
banana crop health and yields. Additionally, the system features disease detection
capabilities for banana leaves, enabling farmers to easily identify yellow sigatoka and black
sigatoka simply by uploading an image to the app, which then recommends the appropriate
insecticide treatment for the detected disease.

KEYWORDS- Internet of Things, Android Application, Smart Monitoring, Banana Plant Care

1. INTRODUCTION
In the heart of India’s agricultural region traditional plantation farming techniques for bananas are
confronting new difficulties. Labor-intensive methods put a strain on essential resources and have
an adverse effect on productivity. A creative Internet of Things project with an Android foundation
that is suited to banana plantations has surfaced in response to these urgent problems. This project
uses Internet of Things sensors to automatically irrigate farmers when needed track soil moisture in
 real time and notify farmers when tank water levels are low. Features for detecting common banana
diseases are also included. This project which is revolutionizing crop care management promises
better times ahead for banana farming in India and around the world while also streamlining
operations and advancing agricultural sustainability.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] Mohammed Rashiq and his team introduced a smart plant monitoring system based on Internet
of Things (IoT) technology. They emphasized how adaptable IoT is, providing flexible and easily
accessible connectivity for various applications. Their study tackled the ongoing issue of inadequate
irrigation in agriculture, which negatively impacts soil and crop health. To address this, they proposed
a monitoring and control system that uses IoT to manage crops more effectively. Their project aimed
to develop an advanced crop monitoring system to boost yields while maintaining soil quality. Key
features of the system included measuring crucial environmental parameters such as temperature,
humidity, and soil moisture. This system allows farmers to make informed irrigation decisions by
enabling real-time data monitoring and collection. By reducing water waste and preserving soil
health, this approach not only maximizes farm productivity but also promotes sustainable farming
practices.

[2] Gaurav Patil, Akash Patil, and Shashank Pathmudi worked on a project to create a smart plant
monitoring system using IoT technology. They highlighted how the internet and IoT have become
integral parts of our lives, connecting various physical objects beyond just computers and phones.
Their system utilized IoT technology along with sensors to measure temperature, moisture, and
humidity, allowing for real-time plant monitoring. In agriculture, where manual labor is still common,
their project aimed to automate plant monitoring to enhance efficiency and productivity. With this
system, farmers could use their smartphones to remotely check conditions like temperature and
moisture and even automate the watering process. This technology minimized the need for manual
labor and ensured that plants received proper care, making farming more efficient and manageable.

[3] Anusha K. and Dr. U B Mahadevaswamy's project focused on creating an automatic plant
monitoring and watering system using Raspberry Pi and IoT technology. The system included
sensors for temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity, along with an IR sensor for
detecting intruders. It automatically watered plants based on soil moisture levels and transmitted
 data to users through a web app or monitor. This technology aimed to modernize agriculture,
increase yields, and reduce manual labor for farmers in India.

[4] The paper "Smart Irrigation Using Node-MCU" looks at how modern tech can be used in farming,
specifically with smart irrigation systems to manage water use more efficiently. The authors
proposed a system that uses sensors and microcontrollers to keep track of soil conditions, such as
moisture and temperature, allowing for more precise irrigation. This system is designed to use water
more efficiently, increase crop yields, and move away from traditional farming methods toward more
sustainable practices. The review discusses the importance of using embedded systems, cloud
networks, and wireless sensors in transforming farming, emphasizing how real-time monitoring and
control can boost productivity and promote environmental sustainability.

3. CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM

Figure 1 Conceptual Diagram

4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 2 Circuit Diagram

5. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
 NodeMCU(ESP8266): The NodeMCU ESP8266 is the core of our Internet of Things project,
providing an open source firmware and development kit to speed up building IoT projects.
The ESP8266 WiFi module, combining a microcontroller with wireless capabilities, is used to
build this device. NodeMCU boards have been popular choices for Internet of Things
applications due to their affordability, compact size and userfriendliness.

Figure 3 NodeMCU
  Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor V2.0: The soil moisture
sensor measures the moisture content in the soil, which
provides important information on irrigation management.
In determining the levels of soil moisture, it typically uses an
electric conductor. It continuously monitors the soil when
connected to the NodeMCU, so that the system can
determine whether the banana plants need to be watered Figure 4 Capacitive Soil Moisture
Sensor V2.0
based on the predefined moisture thresholds.

 DHT22 Temperature Sensor: The DHT22 is a

digital sensor that can measure both temperature
and humidity with high accuracy and reliability. It
utilizes a capacitive humidity sensor and a
thermistor to measure environmental conditions.

Figure 5 DHT22 Temperature Sensor

 Robodo SEN18 Water Level Sensor Depth of Detection
Water: Robodo SEN18 Water Level Sensor Depth of
Detection Water: This sensor is installed in the water tank
to monitor the water level. The sensor sends a signal to
NodeMCU when the water level falls below certain
thresholds, indicating that it is not sufficient for irrigation.
The NodeMCU shall then send an alert to the farmer
notifying him that his water tanks have been refilled, so as Figure 6 SEN18 Water Level Sensor
to ensure continuity of supply for banana crops.

 DC 3-9v Water Pump: DC 3 9v Water Pump: A water

pump with a minimum voltage of 3.3V is ideal for
small scale water circulation systems, mini fountains
and hydroponics. It provides effective water flow with
lower energy consumption by using direct current
power sources.

Figure 7 Water Pump

 Relay Module: A relay module serves as a crucial
component in connecting a pump to a battery in systems.
It acts as a switch controlled by an external signal, allowing
the pump to be powered by the battery when needed. This
setup enables automation and remote control, facilitating
efficient water distribution to plants based on
predetermined conditions. Figure 8 Relay

 Wires: Connect various components of the PlantCare

system, enabling data transmission and power supply.
Wires play a crucial role in establishing the
connectivity and functionality of the sensors,
actuators, and control systems.
Figure 9 Wires

 Power Source (9v): it Serves as the primary power supply

for the PlantCare system, providing the necessary voltage
to operate various components.

Figure 10 Power Source

6. Banana Disease Detector
 Introduction
Banana Disease Model represents a deep learning solution engineered for the rapid
and precise diagnosis of banana diseases. Leveraging advanced computer vision
techniques, model analyses images of banana leaves to identify common diseases like
Black Sigatoka and Yellow Sigatoka, while also providing recommendations for
appropriate pesticide treatments

 How it Works?
 Data Preparation: The script starts by importing necessary libraries and
loading the dataset. It then visualizes some sample images from the dataset to
get an understanding of the data.
 Dataset Creation: It prepares the dataset for training by splitting it into
training, validation, and testing sets. It also creates a mapping of class labels to
numerical indices.
 Model Initialization: The script initializes the Vision Transformer (ViT) model
for classification. It modifies the model's head to have the appropriate number
of output classes based on the dataset.
 Training Loop: The training loop is defined, which iterates over the dataset for
a specified number of epochs. It calculates the training loss and accuracy,
updates the model's parameters using backpropagation, and evaluates the
model on the validation set.
 Evaluation: After training, the script evaluates the trained model on the test
dataset to assess its performance. It computes metrics such as accuracy and
generates a confusion matrix to visualize the model's predictions.
 Inference: Once the model is trained and evaluated, the script defines a
function to make predictions on new images. It loads the trained model,
processes the input image, and uses the model to predict the disease affecting
the banana plant in the image.
  Disease-Specific Recommendations: Based on the predicted disease, the
script provides recommendations for managing or treating the disease. These
recommendations are specific to each disease class and aim to assist farmers or
agricultural experts in taking appropriate actions to mitigate the impact of the
disease.

 Components Diagram

Figure 11 Component Diagram of model

 Implementation
 Image Classification

Figure 12 Image of Disease Classification

• Model Training
7. RESULT
 Model image

Figure 13 Image of Model - I

Figure 14 Image Soil Moisture Sensor

Figure 15 Image of working Model

Figure 16 Image of Model - III

Figure 17 Image of Water Tank
 Application Images
8. CONCLUSION
The IoT and Android-Based Banana Plant Care Management System revolutionizes banana farming
with real-time monitoring and automated watering. By integrating IoT sensors and disease detection
features, it optimizes resource usage and boosts crop yield. This innovative solution streamlines plant
care, empowering farmers with actionable insights through a user-friendly Android application. With
its ability to enhance efficiency and productivity while promoting sustainable agriculture, this project
represents a significant advancement in modern farming practices, promising a brighter future for
banana cultivation worldwide.
REFERENCES
[1] A1 Mohammed Rashiq, A2 Jagan G Mohan, A3 Muhammed Javith M, A4 Divya R, and A5
Sivamani P. "SMART PLANT MONITORING SYSTEM." Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Jansons Institute of Technology, Karumathampatti, Coimbatore,
Tamilnadu, India.
[2] Patil, Gaurav, Patil, Akash, and Pathmudi, Shashank. "Plant Monitoring System." Vishwakarma
Institute of Technology Pune, India.
[3] k, Anusha & U B, Mahadevaswamy. (2018). “Automatic IoT Based Plant Monitoring and
Watering System using Raspberry Pi”. International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing.
8. 55-67. 10.5815/ijem.2018.06.05.
[4]Duraianand, T., and R. Sivasangari. "IOT based banana leaf disease identification
system." International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science.
[5] Yusuf, S. A., Abbas, S. M., & Suryawanshi, S. SMART IRRIGATION USING NODE-MCU.
[6] Thorat, Apeksha, Sangeeta Kumari, and Nandakishor D. Valakunde. "An IoT based smart
solution for leaf disease detection." In 2017 international conference on big data, IoT and data
science (BID), pp. 193-198. IEEE, 2017.
[7] Christofides, P. D., Davis, J. F., El-Farra, N. H., Clark, D., Harris, K. R., & Gipson, J. N. (2007).
Smart plant operations: Vision, progress and challenges. AiChE journal, 53(11), 2734-2741.
[8] Pravin, A., Jacob, T. P., & Asha, P. (2018). Enhancement of plant monitoring using IoT. Int. J.
Eng. Technol.(UAE), 7(3), 53-55.
[9] Sahu, K. K., KUMAR, S., TARAM, A., RANA, D. K., & ANJUM, N. (2023). IOT-Based Smart Plant
Monitoring System using NodeMCU. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(2).
[10] Patil, B., Panchal, H., Yadav, M. S., Singh, M. A., & Patil, M. D. (2017). Plant Monitoring using
image processing, raspberry Pi & Iot. International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET), 4(10), 1337-1342.
[11] Srivastava, R., Sharma, V., Jaiswal, V., & Raj, S. (2020). A research paper on smart agriculture
using IoT. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 7(07), 2708-
2710.
[12] Rajakumar, G., Sankari, M. S., Shunmugapriya, D., & Maheswari, S. U. (2018). IoT based smart
agricultural monitoring system. Asian J. Appl. Sci. Technol, 2, 474-480. [12]
[13] Mahadevaswamy, U. B. (2018). Automatic IoT based plant monitoring and watering system
using Raspberry Pi. International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing, 8(6), 55.
[14] Ali, M., Kanwal, N., Hussain, A., Samiullah, F., Iftikhar, A., & Qamar, M. (2020). IoT based smart
garden monitoring system using NodeMCU microcontroller. International Journal of Advances in
Applied Sciences, 7(8), 117-124.
[15] Duraianand, T., & Sivasangari, R. IOT based banana leaf disease identification
system. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science.