Life processes

Life processes -
The
processes
is
performed by all
living beings to main -

tain
life called
life processes
-
.

Life processes

Nutrition Respiration Transportation eeseaetion

→ Nutrition

The which the obtain nutrients

process in
from food &organisms
use them to
provide energy for different processes of the body is
called nutrition .

• '
The nutrition the nutrients ed nutrient
term comes
from word .

can be
defined as a substance which an
organism
obtain
from
its
surroundings
constituents
& use it as a

( like tissue
source
of energy for biosynthesis
) For example
or

of body
its or
organs
.

nutrients used
carbohydrates fats
& are as a source
of energy
whereas
proteins & mineral salts are nutrients used for biosynthesis
constituents
of body .

Nutrition of intake nutrients ( like

is a
process of
water
carbohydrates well .

fats proteins
, ,
minerals ,
vitamins &
by an
organism as

utilisation these nutrients the

as
of by organisms .

Some their
food & autotrophs
called
organisms prepare own are .

Example plants prepare their own

food by the
process of photosynthesis
-

others
Some
organisms depends for their food & called on are

heterotrophs hseample human beings obtain their food from plants

.
- .

Mode nutrition
of

Autotrophic nutrition Tteterotophio nutrition .

Autotrophic nutrition -

• ' ' ' • '

Auto self & tophe nutrition Thus
means means .

autotrophic
nutrition nutrition
means
self .
The mode nutrition in which
of organisms prepare their own
food
substances such as carbon dioxide & water
by using inorganic ,

in
presence of sunlight is called
autotrophic nutrition The .

green
plants this mode nutrition Few bacterial
uses
of .

containing
chlorophyll also use this mode
of nutrition .

Plants obtain This is

energy by the
process of photosynthesis . a

which
process
in carbon dioxide & water are converted into
carbohydrate
in the
presence of sunlight &
chlorophyll . The
process of photosynthesis
takes place in
chloroplast .

6 -1 sunlight >
CG 41206
CO2 121-120 +
602 + 6
H2O
chlorophyll
utilised
carbohydrates are to
provide energy to the plant The unused
the form
.

carbohydrates gets stored in

of starch & is used when
required by plants .

The
process of photosynthesis takes place in
chloroplast as it contains

chlorophyll green pigment

( .
The
organelles present mesophyet
are in
cells
of green plants .

Chlorophyll helps in
absorbing light .

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Cross section
of Leaf .
 The raw materials required for the
process of photosynthesis are

as
follows :

Carbon dioxide It is released in the cellular

• -

atmosphere during
respiration by
organisms & leaf through enters ltne
stomata .

tiny stomata
pores present the
surface of the
are on

leaves Massive amount

.

of gaseous exchange takes place through

stomata Some
leaves
gases
.

exchange through surface of stems roots &occurs

,

well since
as
large amount .

of water be lost
etnrough the can

pores ofstomata the closes the , plant

when it does not
pores require
CO2 .
The
opening
swells
&
when
closingwater
of pore is done
into them
by guard
cells
the
.
The

guard cell
flows ,
causing pores
to & it closes when it shrinks
open
.

Guard cells

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Open stomata closed stomata

Water Water is absorbed the roots

by from the soil &
transported
• -

upward by nylon to the

leaf photosynthetic
& then to cells .

These water molecules in the

split presence of sunlight to form
hydrogen &
oxygen
. This is called
photolysis of water Ttydwgen .

used to reduce
ions are coz & isOz given off as a
product .

Other materials Other materials like phosphorus iron and

nitrogen
•
-

, ,

taken is used
magnesium are

other
up by
soil
Nitrogen .

in the
synthesis of proteins & compounds It is up
taken
.
in
the
form of inorganic nitrates nitrites
organic compounds or or as

which have been

prepared by bacteria ( )
Rhizobium from atmospheric
nitrogen .

Main events
during the
process of photosynthesis are -

1. Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll .

conversion chemical
of light energy splitting
2. to & water
energy of
molecules into
hydrogen
&
oxygen
[
photolysis of ]
water
 Reduction
3.
of carbon dioxide to
carbohydrates .

The above steps need not take

place one after the other immediately ,

eg
.
desert
.
plants take up carbon dioxide at &
night
prepare an

intermediate compound This intermediate is acted

.

compound upon
by the
energy
absorbed
during the
day by the
chlorophyll .

e
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