Nile University of Nigeria

Department of Community Medicine and Public Health

Course Tittle: Developmental Psychology

Course Code: PUH 214

Tutorial Questions: Multiple Choice Questions

Instruction: Answer each question by tick the most option

1. Studying identical twins to assess the degree to which they are similar focuses most on the _____
side of a key developmental issue.
A. Nature
B. Nurture
C. Development
D. Learning

2. Current thinking on the nature–nurture issue suggests that_____

A. Nature is more important than nurture in determining development
B. Nurture is more important than nature in determining development
C. Neither nature nor nurture is important in determining development
D. Nature and nurture interact in determining development

3. The biological unfolding of an organism according to its underlying genetic code is known as _____
A. Nature
B. Maturation
C. Nurture
D. Gene

4. The rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information are known as ________
A. DNA
B. Genotypes
C. Genes
D. Chromosomes

5. The parts of the chromosomes through which genetic information is transmitted are known as ___
A. Genes
B. DNA
C. Allele
D. Traits

6. Which of these is NOT a major prenatal stage or period?

A. Germinal stage
B. Neonatal stage
C. Embryonic stage
D. Foetal stage

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7. The stage of prenatal development in which the fetus develops beginning around the ninth week of
pregnancy and lasting until the birth of the child is referred to as ______________
A. Perinatal stage
B. Germinal stage
C. Embryonic stage
D. Foetal stage

8. The stage of prenatal development from implantation through about the eighth week of pregnancy
during which the major organ systems begin to form is referred to as __________
A. Germinal stage
B. Implantation stage
C. Embryonic stage
D. Foetal stage

9. The stage of prenatal development that spans the period from fertilization through implantation is
referred to as ___________
A. Germinal stage
B. Embryonic stage
C. Foetal stage
D. Fertilization stage

10. Hadiza is in her 5th month of pregnancy. What stage of development is her unborn child in?
A. Germinal
B. Zygote
C. Embryonic
D. Foetal

11. Which of the following is most characteristic of the germinal stage of prenatal development?
A. Cell division
B. Viability
C. Birth defects
D. Formation of major body systems

12. Environmental substances that can harm the developing organism are called _____.
A. Chromosomes
B. Teratogens
C. Critical periods
D. Miscarriage
E. Genes

13. Which of these genetic and chromosomal difficulties is not due to genetic influence on foetus?
A. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
B. Sickle-cell anemia
C. Down syndrome
D. None of the above

14. Which of these is a threat to prenatal development?

A. Rubella

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 B. Smoking
C. Alcohol
D. All of the above

15. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been linked to which of the followings:
A. Maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy
B. Rubella infection
C. HIV infection
D. Maternal smoking during pregnancy

16. Mohammed is one month old. He is most likely to look longest at

A. Small figures on the wallpaper
B. Ribbon hanging above his crib
C. Colorful figures.
D. A nearby human face

17. Which of the following is not a motor ability of a baby during the first year of life?
A. Imitation of parents’ facial expressions
B. Development of voluntary, goal-directed movement
C. Balancing itself while sitting, without support
D. Speaking in complete sentences

18. Which of the following infants is most likely to have the fewest neural connections?
A. A 1-month-old
B. A 2-month-old
C. A 3-month-old
D. A 4-month-old

19. As a baby, Amina did not cry a lot, regularly approached new people and situations, and had a
regular pattern of eating and sleeping. Amina’s temperament is best described as _____.
A. Easy
B. Slow-to-warm-up
C. Difficult
D. Avoidant

20. Simone sees a military tank on the highway and calls it a “truck.” According to Piaget, Simone is
engaging in _____
A. Disequilibrium
B. Private speech
C. Assimilation
D. Accommodation

21. Which of the following cognitive abilities most characterizes a child in Piaget’s preoperational stage
of development?
A. Logical thought
B. Conservation
C. Object permanence
D. Egocentrism

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22. Ngozi, a 4-year-old, shares her toys with Funmi so that Funmi will also share her toys. Ngozi is
operating at what level of Kohlberg’s theory?
A. Pre-conventional
B. Preoperational
C. Conventional
D. Post-conventional

23. Some students think it is wrong to cheat because it violates the student code of conduct. Such
students are operating at the _____ level of moral reasoning.
A. Pre-conventional
B. Conventional
C. Post-conventional
D. Preoperational

24. In the strange situation procedure, a baby who clings to the mother while she is present and who
shows extreme distress when the mother leaves would be exhibiting which style of attachment?
A. Secure
B. Avoidant
C. Disorganized
D. Resistant

25. Jose is a very active toddler who prefers to do things by himself. According to Erikson, Jose appears
to be successfully resolving which developmental crisis?
A. Trust versus mistrust
B. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
C. Initiative versus guilt
D. Industry versus inferiority

26. Which of the following statements about gender-role development is false?

A. At 2 years old, toddlers can label their gender.
B. At 4 years old, preschoolers have gender permanence.
C. At 6 years old, children have gender roles.
D. At 8 years old, children have gender permanence.

27. Which of the following terms describes a parent who is warm, supportive, and consistent; who
understands the child’s point of view; and who communicates well?
A. Permissive
B. Authoritarian
C. Authoritative
D. laissez-faire

28. In which of the following stages in Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development do children
compare their abilities to those of their friends and classmates?
A. Stage 1: trust versus mistrust
B. Stage 2: autonomy versus shame and doubt
C. Stage 3: initiative versus guilt
D. Stage 4: industry versus inferiority

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29. In which stage does Piaget suggest a child learns by interacting with the environment through using
his or her senses and developing motor skills?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational

30. Which of these is NOT a stage of cognitive development in childhood described by Piaget?
A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Vasomotor stage
C. Preoperational stage
D. Concrete operational stage

31. In childhood development, the level of full cognitive maturity in Piaget’s theory, characterized by
the ability to think in abstract terms as referred to as _________________
A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Preoperational stage
C. Concrete operational stage
D. Formal operational stage

32. Jamal sees two differently shaped glasses filled with liquid. He recognizes that even though they
look different, the glasses hold the same amount of liquid. Piaget would say that Jamal is operating
at the _____ stage of cognitive development.
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Pre-conventional

33. In Piaget’s theory, the ability to recognize that the quantity or amount of an object remains constant
despite superficial changes in its outward appearance is known as _________________
A. Conservation
B. Animistic thinking
C. Irreversibility
D. Centration

34. Conservation occurs at what stage of cognitive development?

a. Sensorimotor stage
b. Preoperational stage
c. Concrete operational stage
d. Formal operational stage

35. The physical growth period during which young people mature sexually and reach their full
reproductive capacity is known as __________
A. Adolescence
B. Menarche
C. Formal operations
D. Puberty

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36. In Erickson’s theory, the attainment of a psychological sense of knowing oneself and one’s direction
in life is known as ____________
A. Ego identity
B. Role diffusion
C. identity crisis
D. Peer pressure

37. According to Erikson, what is the major psychosocial challenge facing adolescent?
A. Trust versus mistrust
B. Initiative versus guilt
C. Identity versus role diffusion
D. Intimacy versus inferiority

38. The period of psychosocial development, roughly spanning the ages of 18 to 25, during which the
person makes the transition from adolescence to adulthood is known as ________________
A. Emerging adulthood
B. Late adolescence
C. Early adulthood
D. Pre-adulthood

39. Which of the following is not a physical change associated with puberty in males?
A. Growth of the testes
B. Voice change
C. Widening hips
D. Broadening shoulders

40. Haruna, a 65-year-old man, is likely to experience all of the following as the result of aging except
_____.
A. Weight loss
B. Thinning of the hair
C. loss in visual acuity
D. Faster reaction time

41. When at the mall with her friends, Maria acts as if everyone is watching her. Maria’s behavior is an
example of _____.
A. Egocentrism
B. Imaginary audience
C. Idealism
D. Personal fable

42. According to Erikson, feeling that you have made important contributions to society will lead to a
sense of ________
A. Integrity
B. Generativity
C. Industry
D. Identity

43. In general, people perform best on standardized tests of intelligence

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 A. In middle childhood.
B. In adolescence.
C. In early adulthood.
D. At any time during their lives.

44. Which of the following statements about menopause is not true?

A. Menopause is a normal physiological process.
B. Menopause involves the cessation of menstruation.
C. Loss of estrogen results in diminished sex drive.
D. With menopause, the ovaries no longer produce

45. The major psychosocial challenge of early adulthood, according to Erikson, is that of
A. Role identity versus confusion
B. Intimacy versus isolation
C. Generativity versus stagnation
D. Ego integrity versus despair

46. Which of the following cognitive skills is not likely to show a substantial decline as people age?
A. Rapid problem solving
B. Memory for new information
C. Speed at pattern recognition
D. Ability to apply acquired knowledge

47. A state of psychological crisis, often occurring during middle adulthood, in which people grapple
with the loss of their youth is referred to as ________________
A. Fluid intelligence
B. Midlife crisis
C. Menopause:
D. Emerging adulthood

48. What is closest in meaning to Erikson’s term ego integrity?

A. Focusing attention on oneself
B. Achieving a sense of meaningfulness and satisfaction with one’s life
C. The development of generativity, or the ability to give of oneself to the next generation
D. Living an honest life

49. Which of these is not among the five stage of death described by the Psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-
Ross?
A. Denial
B. Anger
C. Bargaining
D. Indecision

50. The fifth (last) stage of death described by the Psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross _________
A. Anger
B. Bargaining
C. Depression
D. Acceptance