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Schmitt Trigger Notes

BTECH ECE SCHMITT TRIGGER

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amal kj
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182 views

Schmitt Trigger Notes

BTECH ECE SCHMITT TRIGGER

Uploaded by

amal kj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Schmitt Trigger

• It is an electronic circuit that adds hysteresis to the input-


output transition threshold with the help of positive feedback.
• Hysteresis means it provides two different threshold voltage
levels for rising and falling edge.
• Essentially, a Schmitt Trigger is a Bi-stable Multivibrator and its
output remains in either of the stable states indefinitely.
• For the output to change from one stable state to other, the
input signal must change (or trigger) appropriately.
• This Bistable operation of the Schmitt Trigger requires an
amplifier with positive feedback (or regenerative feedback)
with a loop gain greater than one.
• Hence, Schmitt Trigger is also known as Regenerative
Comparator.
• if we have a noisy input signal the two
thresholds of the Schmitt Trigger Circuit will
correctly determine the pulses.
• Hence,a Schmitt Trigger is to convert noisy
square, sine, triangular or any periodic signals
into clean square pulses with sharp leading
and trailing edges.
a Schmitt Trigger is basically a Bistable Circuit whose output
states are controlled by the input signal. Hence, it can be used as
a level detecting circuit. The following circuit shows a simple
design of Transistor based Schmitt Trigger.
• Even though this circuit looks like a typical
Bistable Multivibrator circuit, it is actually
different as this circuit is missing the coupling
from collector of Q2 to input of Q1.
• Emitters of Q1 and Q2 are connected to each
other and grounded through RE. Also, RE acts
as a feedback path.
Operation of the Circuit

• When VIN is zero, Q1 is cut-off and Q2 is in


saturation. As a result, the output voltage VO is
LOW. If VCE(SAT) is assumed to be 0, then the
voltage across RE is given by:
• (VCC * RE) / (RE + RC2)
• This voltage is also the emitter voltage of Q1. So,
for Q1 to conduct, the input voltage VIN must
greater than sum of the emitter voltage and 0.7 V
i.e.,
•
VIN = [(VCC * RE) / (RE + RC2)] + 0.7
• When the VIN is greater than this voltage,
Q1 starts conducting and Q2 is cutoff due to
regenerative action. As a result, the output
VO goes HIGH. Now the voltage across the
RE changes to a new value and is given by:
• (VCC * RE) / (RE + RC1)
• Transistor Q1 will conduct as long as the input
voltage VIN is greater than or equal to the
following:
• VIN = [(VCC * RE) / (RE + RC1)] + 0.7
• If VIN falls below this value, then Q1 comes out
of saturation and the rest of the circuit
operates due to regenerative action of
Q1 going to cutoff and Q2 to saturation.
• The output states HIGH and LOW are
dependent on the input voltage levels given
by the equations:
• [(VCC * RE) / (RE + RC1)] + 0.7
• [(VCC * RE) / (RE + RC2)] + 0.7
• The transfer characteristics of a Schmitt
Trigger exhibit hysteresis and are governed by
the Lower Trip point (Lower Threshold
Voltage) and Upper Trip point (Upper
Threshold Voltage) given by VLT and VUT.
• VLT = [(VCC * RE) / (RE + RC1)] + 0.7
• VUT = [(VCC * RE) / (RE + RC2)] + 0.7
• By changing the values of RC1 and RC2, the
amount of hysteresis can be controlled, while
the value of RE can be used to increase the
Upper Threshold Voltage.

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