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Skeletal and Muscular System Notes

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20 views

Skeletal and Muscular System Notes

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astrosundarvedic
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Grade 5

Skeletal and Muscular System-Notes


Skeletal System – It is a framework of bones that gives support to our body. An adult human
skeleton consists of 206 bones.
Parts of the human skeleton are: -
a) Skull - It protects the brain. It contains 22 bones. All bones are fixed except lower jaw.
b) Rib Cage – Ribs are thin and curved bones that form a cage in the chest. It protects the
heart and the lungs. Most people have 12 pairs of ribs. A long bone at the centre of the
chest called sternum, holds the ribs from the front. The last two bones are not attached to
the sternum, and so they are called floating ribs.
c) Backbone – It protects the spinal cord. It is made up of 33 small bones called vertebrae.
It is also called vertebral column.
Limbs – We have two pairs of limbs.
Upper limbs – It has two parts upper arm and lower arm. The upper arm is made up of single
bone called humerus.
Lower limbs – The lower limbs also have two parts - the upper leg and the lower leg. The upper
leg is made up of a single bone called femur or thigh bone. It is the longest bone of the human
body.
Girdles – Girdles are bony structures connecting the skull and the vertebral column to the upper
and the lower limbs. There are two girdles present in the human skeleton: the shoulder girdle and
the hip girdle.
Functions of the human skeleton
The following are the functions of the human skeleton:
a) It gives form and support to our body.
b) It protects our soft internal organs.
c) It allows movement of different body parts.
d) Many bones in our body are filled with a jelly-like substance called bone marrow.
Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
Types of joints – A joint is a place where two bones meet. Bones are held together by the special
tissues called ligaments.
There are four types of joints.
a) Ball and socket joint – This type of joint allows movement in many directions. The
shoulder and hip joint are examples of ball and socket joint.
b) Hinge joint – This type of joint allows back and forth movement. Bones in the knee,
elbow, fingers and toes have this type of a joint.
c) Pivot joint – This type of joint allows you to move your head up, down and sideways. It
is found between the head and the first vertebra of your backbone.
d) Gliding joint – This type of joint allows the bones to slide against each other in a gliding
motion. It is found between the bones of the wrist and ankle.
Cartilage – It hold the bones together at the joints. It protects the bones. Without cartilage, our
bones will rub against each other and wear out.
Muscles – Muscles are tissues that cover the bones. They are attached to the bones with the help
of special tissues called tendons. There are three types of muscles in our body.
a) Striped or striated muscles – These muscles have stripes on them, just like the stripes
on the body of a zebra. Therefore, they are called striped or striated muscles. These
muscles are under our control. They are also known as voluntary muscles. They are
present in our arms, legs, hands and feet.
b) Cardiac muscles – Muscles in the heart are examples of cardiac muscles. They are not
attached to any bones. These muscles are very strong and hence they do not get tired. We
do not have any control over this type of muscles. These muscles are involuntary in
nature.
c) Smooth muscles – They do not have stripes. We do not have any control over this type
of muscles. They are also called involuntary muscles. For example, we cannot control the
muscles that are responsible for heartbeat, movement of food or breathing. They work on
their own and are controlled by the brain or spinal cord.

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