LIVING IN

THE IT ERA
MODULE 3: THE WEB AND
THE INTERNET
Overview

Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to access information over the web.

However, it can be defined in many ways, internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected
computer networks.

Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:

• Explore the current breakthrough technologies and disruptive
innovations that have emerged over the past few years.
• Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
• Explore the evolution of the internet.
• Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s
generation.
• Discuss the fundamental terms and definitions used in the internet.

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 Lesson 1: The Web
The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and
graphic images. The world wide web is larger collection of interconnected documents or content.
It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information.
A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. The
main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back to
is called the site’s home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA FBCS,
also known as TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist best known as the inventor
of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of
Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide linking
web pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions and align
elements on page.

• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.

• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”

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Example of Web 1.0
• Mp3.com
• Home Page
• Directories
• Page Views • HTML/Portals.

Disadvantages
• Read only web
• Limited user interaction
• Lack of standards

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing
emphasis on human collaboration.

• It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
• Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just
reading a page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account.
• Dynamic page refers to the web pages that are affected by user input or
preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via
social media, blogging and Web-based communities.

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Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay

connected with friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can
have a social purpose, a business purpose, or both, through sites such as:

Example:

Facebook Pinterest

Twitter Tumblr

LinkedIn Instagram

Google+ Reddit

B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide

web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are
typically displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears
first, at the top of the web page.
Example:

Wordpress

Tumbler

Blogger

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C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own
audience directly using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the
subjects or scope of the project and may be either open to the public or limited to use
within an organization for maintaining its internal knowledge base.

Example:

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D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video
clips with the public at large or to invited guests.

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Key Features of Web 2.0:

• Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using

freely chosen keywords (e.g. tagging).

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• Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An
example would be a website that shows local content.

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• User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put
content. Others are able to place a content on their own by means of comments,
reviews, and evaluation.

• Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase.
This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the
amount of time you spent on Internet or a data plan that charges you for the
amount of bandwidth you used.

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C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)
• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation
of the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with
more features. It applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web
technologies, distributed databases, natural language processing, machine
learning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse
to deliver web content specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the
system rather than humans.

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Types of websites:

➢ eCommerce Website - is a website people can directly buy products from

you’ve probably used a number of eCommerce websites before, most big brands
and plenty of smaller ones have one. Any website that includes a shopping cart
and a way for you to provide credit card information to make a purchase falls into
this category.

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➢ Business Website - is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific
business. It should be branded like the business (the same logo and
positioning) and communicate the types of products and/or services the
business offers.

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➢ Entertainment Website
If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably think of a few websites
that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.

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• Portfolio Website are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service
providers who want to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use a
portfolio website to collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done. This type
of website is simpler to build than a business website and more focused on a particular
task: collecting work samples.

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• Media Website collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with
entertainment websites, but media websites are more likely to include reported pieces in
addition to or instead of content meant purely for entertainment.

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• Brochure Website are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that
know they need an online presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re
confident you’ll continue to get most of your business from other sources), a simple
brochure site that includes just a few pages that lay out the basics of what you do and
provide contact information may be enough for you.

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• Nonprofit Website
In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online presence, nonprofits
do as well. A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential donors to make
donations and will be the first place many people look to learn more about a nonprofit
and determine if they want to support it.

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• Educational Website
The websites of educational institutions and those offering online courses fall into the
category of educational websites. These websites have the primary goal of either
providing educational materials to visitors or providing information on an educational
institution to them.

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• Infopreneur Website websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites,
but they represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell
information products. That could be in the form of courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks.

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• Personal Website
Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another. Many people find value in
creating personal websites to put their own thoughts out into the world. This category
includes personal blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the world.

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• Web Portal are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization,
or institution. They collect information in different formats from different sources into one
place to make all relevant information accessible to the people who need to see it. They
often involve a login and personalized views for different users that ensure the information
that’s accessible is most useful to their particular needs.

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• Wiki or Community Forum Website
Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous example of one out there:
Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty much any subject you can imagine. A wiki
is any website where various users are able to collaborate on content and all make their
own tweaks and changes as they see fit. There are wikis for fan communities, for business
resources, and for collecting valuable information sources.

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 Lesson 2: The Internet
The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that
connects billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination between
“interconnection” and “network”. Network is a collection of computers and devices connected
via communication channels and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware,
software, data, information). Generally, nobody owns the internet.

A. Brief History of Internet

ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an experimental

computer network. Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every

computer in the network. Even if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect the network.

In 1982 the word internet started. 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve

University 1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all

people can connect to the internet and improve their life and work quality. The internet

support various aspects in our life. Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS is an American Internet

pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP

co-developer Bob Kahn.

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B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program

and it’s user.

Types of Servers

Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business

logic for an application program.

Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or

files.

Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an

endpoint device, such as computer and another server from which a user
is requesting.

Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local

users and remote senders and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery.

File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management

of data files so that other computer on the same network can access them.

Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that

provides authorization services and facilities tracking and control of
files.

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device.

This provides identity to a network device.

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3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on
the web.

Example of browsers:
Google chrome
Safari
internet explorer
Opera
Mozilla Firfox

4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access

information online through domain names.

Example of DNS: www.facebook.com, www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu

Name Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.gov National and State Government Agencies
.ph Philippines
.au Australia

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 5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for
accessing, using or participating in the internet.

Two types of ISP:

National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.

Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns
nationwide.

Example of ISP:
Sky Broadband
PLDT
Converge

C. Uses of Internet

• Look for information.

• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail.
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product.
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies

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D. Internet Terms and Definition

• Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines

and wireless systems.
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser
• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos,
and videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over
the Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically
downloaded from the Internet
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how
to place pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user
clicks on a link within a web page, that link, which is coded with HTML, links the
user to a specific linked web page.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote
resource on the world wide web.
• Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit
or 0 is a bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your
computer.
• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication
standard of web pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and
pictures should work correctly in a web browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that
the web page has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal
information and passwords from others.

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 • Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic
cop for network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router
can be wired or wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from
eavesdroppers. Encryption uses complex math formulas to turn private data into
meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted readers can unscramble.
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents)
used on the Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting
messages to multiple newsgroups or doing searches for information.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www
browser users search for information on the web by using keywords, phrases.

Online Resources / Videos

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8hzJxb0rpc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o8CwafCxnU

References

• Abraham, R., Jas, F., Russell, W. (2005) The Web Empowerment Book: An
Introduction and Connection Guide to the Internet and the World-Wide Web. Springer-
Verlag New York
• Evolution of the web retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-
10-to-web30-evolution-of-the-web-and-its-various-challenges
• Types of websites retrieved from https://www.hostgator.com/blog/popular-types-
websitescreate/

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• Subhash Basishtha Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 – Evolution of the Web and its Various
Challenges.
Retrieved from https://slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-10-to-web-30-evolution-of-the-
webSCIENCESand -its-various-challenges
• What is internet Retrieved from
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_overview.htm
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from
https://techterms.com/definition/internet
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://www.comentum.com/internet-
terms.html
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://www.lifewire.com/top-internet-
terms-forbeginners-2483381

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Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES

IC

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