Academic Year 2021-2022

Question Bank - Module – I

Course Code & Name : 18LE02/18EE02/18TE02/18PD05/18FD05/18SD05/18YD05/18ID05
Database Management Systems
MODULE - 1
PART - A
1 How the Database and Database Management System differs from each other. CO K1
Answer: 1
A database is any collection of data, it can be words or number or a digital file
whereas Database Management System (DBMS) is a piece of software that
manages databases and lets you create, edit and delete databases their tables, and
their data.
2 List any four applications of DBMS. CO K1
Answer: 1
● Banking System

● Education System

● Industry

● Airlines
3 A student is having record in college library and Examination department. Then his CO K2
name, roll number, fathers name and class will be same in both the departments. 1
Also these departments are not dependent on each other. When he needs any change
for his name or class then he has to go to both the departments to make these
changes happen otherwise it will create problem for him.
State the Disadvantage in terms of File systems.
Answer:
Disadvantage is Data Redundancy. Because data is stored in two different files, that
means duplication. Since two files are independent on each other so it is very
difficult to overcome this error and if anyone finds this error then it will take time
and effort to solve this issue.
4 Give the levels of Data abstraction. CO K1
Answer: 1
There are mainly 3 levels of data abstraction:
● Physical: This is the lowest level of data abstraction. ...

● Logical: This level comprises of the information that is actually stored in the
database in the form of tables.
● View: This is the highest level of abstraction.

5 What type of database is used in the following? CO K1

i) Mobile Phones 1
TCS
ii) Face Book
 Answer:
i. SQLite
ii. MySql
6 What is parameter substitution in SQL? CO K1
Answer: 1
Update SQL statements use a special form of parameter substitution that enables
to substitute old or new field values in record updates. When the parameter name
matches a column name in the table, the new value in the field in the cached update
for the record is automatically used as the value for the parameter.
7 In how many ways the data can be viewed from the database? CO K1
Physical view refers to the way data are physically stored and processed in 1
a database. On the other side, logical view is designed to suit the need of different
users by representing data in a meaningful format. Another word, the logical
view tells the users, in their term, what is in the database.
8 Draw the ER – Model Symbols used for the following : CO K2
i) Address can consist permanent address and temporary address. 1
ii) City can be generated based on the postal pin code.
Answer:
i) ii)
City
Per_Address Temp_Ad
dress

Pincod
e
Addres
s
9 When a user fills an online application, mistakenly the user entered phone number CO K2
with 9 digits. How the data integrity rule plays a major role here? 1
Answer:
The term data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data. ... A good
database will enforce data integrity whenever possible. For example, a user could
accidentally try to enter a phone number into a date field. If the system enforces data
integrity, it will prevent the user from making these mistakes
10 The rules in the Fast track watch showroom are given below : CO K2
Rule 1 : Basic salary for all the salesman is 10000. 1
Rule 2 : Phone number should not be same for all salesman.
Write suitable constraint for the above rules.
Answer:
Rule 1 – Constraint – Default
Rule 2 – Constraint - Unique
11 The ____ connective tests for set membership, where the set is a collection of values CO K1
produced by a select clause. The ____ connective tests for the absence of set 1
TCS
membership. ION

Answer:
i) in
ii) Not in
12 Write the alternate query for the given query ? CO K2
SELECT name FROM instructor WHERE salary <= 100000 AND salary >= 2
90000;
Answer :
SELECT name FROM instructor WHERE salary BETWEEN 100000 AND
90000;
13 What are the various types of the attributes? CO K1
 Answer: 1
● Single Valued Attribute

● Multi valued attribute

● Key attribute

● Derived attribute

● Composite attribute
14 State the difference between Single valued attribute and multi valued attributes. CO K1
Answer: 1
Single Valued attribute – can take only one value for an entity.
Multi Valued attribute - can take more than one specific value for each entity.
15 Write a command to view the Employee table structure CO K1
Answer: 1
DESC employee;
16 Consider the following ER-Diagram depicting a banking scenario and answer the CO K2
question below: 1
INFYT
Q

What type of cardinality depicts in the given ER-Diagram.

Answer:
● One to zero or many

● Many to Many
17 Debug the given query if any error: CO K2
SELECT * FROM department WHERE increment = NULL; 2
Answer:
SELECT * FROM department WHERE increment IS NULL;
18 Enlist the various relationships of database. CO K2
Answer: 2
The various relationships of database are:
● One-to-one: Single table having drawn relationship with another table having
similar kind of columns.
● One-to-many: Two tables having primary and foreign key relation.

● Many-to-many: Junction table having many tables related to many tables.

19 Differentiate between SQL plus and SQL Developer. CO K1
SQL * Plus is a tool to use SQL language for a database from Oracle 1
corporation. SQL can be simply used to ask queries, i.e. it involves DML, DDL and
DCL. SQL * Plus is command line tool which doesn't involve DML, DDL and
DCL.

SQL Developer offers complete GUI based end-to-end development of your PL/SQL
applications, a worksheet for running queries and scripts, a DBA console for
managing the database, a reports interface, a complete data modeling solution, and a
migration platform for moving your 3rd party databases to Oracle.
20 Match the following : CO K1
a) SELECT - TCL 1
TCS
 b) REVOKE - DDL
c) CREATE - DCL
d) UPDATE - DML
Answer:
a) SELECT - TCL(b)
b) REVOKE - DDL(c)
c) CREATE – DCL(d)
d) UPDATE - DML (a)

21 Express the distinction between DESC and SELECT. CO K2

Answer: 1
S.N DESC SELECT
o
1 It is a command It is a query
2 It returns the structure of the It returns entire the data of the table
table
22 Debug the given query if any bug CO K2
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary x 12 Annual salary 2
FROM employees;
Relation: employee (employee_id, last_name, salary, job_id)
Answer:
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary * 12 “Annual salary”
FROM employees;
(OR)
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary * 12 Annual_salary
FROM employees;
23 Does the following query order the result or not. CO K2
SELECT pid,price 2
FROM product
ORDER BY price;
Relation: product ( pid,pname,price,category)
Answer:
Yes. The given query will order the result in ascending order. The order by clause
fetch the data price and order it in ascending order.
24 Draw the appropriate symbol of ER – Model used for the following : CO K3
i) A person can have more than one cell phone number. 1
ii) Country code can be generated automatically based on the country.

Answer:
i) ii)

Phone Country_Code

25 Create a report using SQL query to display the last name and job title of all CO K2
employees who do not have a manager. 2
Employee{fname,lname,email,jobid,salary,commission,mgr_id,dep_id }
Answer:
SELECT fname,lname,jobid
FROM employee
WHERE mgr_id IS NULL;
26 Consider the following ER-Diagram depicting employee management scenario and CO1 K2
INFYT
answer the question below: Q
 What type of cardinality and notation depicts in the given ER-Diagram.
Answer:
Cardinality : One to One
Notation : Crow Foot Notation
27 A relation customer ( cid,cname,salary,commission ) retrieved with two queries: CO1 K2
Query 1: SELECT * FROM customer;
Query 2: DESC customer;
Does both query yields same output? Justify.
Answer:
Query 1 and query 2 are not same both will yield different output. Query 1 will give
the entire data from the table customer. But whereas query 2 will give only the
structure of the table which includes column name, data type and constraints.
28 Consider an application for Club membership. There are many clubs at different CO1 INFYT
K3
locations. A club can have many members. Each member belonging to a particular Q

club has a unique identity number. The member id can be same for different clubs.
The below relations are created.
● Club (ClubId, Name, Location)

● Member (ClubId, MemberId, Name, Address)

Analyse the given scenario and perform the following:
i) Suitable Primary key for Club relation.
ii) Suitable Foreign Key for Member relation.
Answer :
● Primary Key for Club relation – ClubId
● Foreign Key for Member relation - ClubId
29 Write the syntax for SELECT query. CO K1
Answer : 2
SELECT *| Column1,column 2
FROM
Tablename
WHERE condition;
30 List the use of quote ‘q’ operator in SQL. CO K1
Answer: 1
● Specify User own quotation mark delimiter

● User can use any delimiter

● Increase readability and usability

Q.N PART – B
o
1 Consider the following cases CO K2
Case I : The price of crude oil is $80 per barrel. 1
Case II : The price of crude oil has risen from $70 to $80 per barrel.
Case III : When crude oil prices go up by $10 per barrel, it's likely that petrol
Prices will rise by 2paise per litre.
 Identify and Justify with your answer for the following from the above cases:
i) Data (5
Answer: Case I is Data. Because there is no meaning. )
ii) Information
Answer: Case II is Information. Because Crude oil rate is (5
increased from $70 to $80. )
iii) Knowledge
Answer: Case III is knowledge. Because the crude oil price will
go up since the petrol price is increased. (6
)
2 Explain the following concept’s disadvantages over file system : CO K1
i) Data Integrity (5 1
Answer: )
Data integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the
database. Data Integrity is very important as there are multiple databases
in a DBMS. All of these databases contain data that is visible to multiple
users. So it is necessary to ensure that the data is correct and consistent
in all the databases and for all the users.
ii) Data sharing
Answer: (5
File system does not allow sharing of data or sharing is too complex. )
Whereas in DBMS, data can be shared easily due to centralized system.
iii) Data Redundancy
Answer: (6
The file based data management systems contained multiple files that )
were stored in many different locations in a system or even across
multiple systems. Because of this, there were sometimes multiple copies
of the same file which lead to data redundancy.
This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any
change in it is reflected immediately. Because of this, there is no chance
of encountering duplicate data.
3 A university registrar’s office maintains data about the following entities CO K2
1
i) Courses, Course-ID, title, credits, syllabus, and prerequisites. (4
ii) Course offerings, including course number, year, semester, section )
Number, instructor(s), timings and classroom. (4
iii) Students including student-id, name, and program. )
iv) Instructors including identification number, name, department, and
title. (4
)
The enrolments of students in courses are awarded grades in each course. (4
Construct the E-R diagram for the registrar’s office. )
Answer:
4 Write SQL Queries for following set of tables: CO K2
EMPLOYEE (EmpNo, Name, DoB, Address, Gender, Salary, 2
DNumber)
DEPARTMENT(DNumber, Dname, ManagerEmpNo,
MnagerStartDate)
(4
i) )
a) Display the Name of all ‘male’ employees.
Answer: (2 Marks)
SELECT Name
FROM employee
WHERE Gender=’Male’;

b) Display all Department number whose department name is

‘Marketing’.
Answer: (2 Marks)
SELECT DNumber
FROM department
WHERE dname = ‘Marketing’;
(6
ii) )
c) Display the salary in descending order.
Answer: (3 Marks)
SELECT salary
FROM employee
ORDER BY salary DESC;

d) Change the column name Department Number as DeptId.

Answer: (3 Marks)
SELECT DNumber AS “DeptId”
FROM department;

iii) (6
e) Display the name of department number of the employee ‘SMITH’. )
Answer: (3 Marks)
 SELECT dNumber
FROM employee
WHERE name=’SMITH’;

f) Display the managerStartDate by removing its duplicates.

Answer: (3 Marks)
SELECT DISTINCT managerStartDate
FROM department;

5 Consider the scenario for the given schema : CO K2

Student {Rollno,Fname,Lname,DOB,cell_no,email,Dept,CourseId} 1
Course {CourseId,CourseName,Credit}

i) The Database Administrator takes Cell phone number as the primary key (6
for Student table. Is it possible or Not and Why? )
Answer:
No. Cellphone Number cannot be the primary key. Because the rule of
Primary key is should be unique and not null. Some students may not
have the cell phone number, possibly can have rollno in the student
database.

ii) Which key is suitable to map the course of a particular student from the
above two schemas? (6
Answer: )
The common column from the given two database is Course Id and can
easily identify or map which student can take which course. So Course
Id is the suitable foreign key in student database and course id is primary
key in course database.

iii )Write in brief about Super key.

Answer:
A superkey is a group of single or multiple keys which identifies rows in (4
a table. A Super key may have additional attributes that are not needed )
for unique identification.
6 Identify the Data model and Explain the following Data model CO K1
i) ii) 1

iii)
 i)Answer: Hierarchical model
● A type of database that organises the data into a tree-like structure.

● The data are stored as records which are connected to one another
through links.
● Data retrieval is difficult as whole tree needs to be traversed starting from (4
the root node. )

● This model is recognized as the first database model created by IBM.

ii)Answer: network database model
● The network database model allows each child to have multiple parents.

● It helps you to address the need to model more complex relationships

(4
like as the orders/parts many-to-many relationship. )
● In this model, entities are organized in a graph which can be accessed
through several paths.

iii)Answer: Relational DBMS

● It is the most widely used DBMS model because it is one of the easiest.

● This model is based on normalizing data in the rows and columns of the
(8
tables.
)
Relational model stored in fixed structures and manipulated using SQL.
7 Consider the following database schema to write queries in SQL (4 CO K2
Supplier (id, name, city) ) 2
Parts(pno, pname, pdescription)
Supply(id, pno, cost)
i)
a) Display the supplier name whose city consists of Coimbatore,chennai
and trichy.
Answer: (2 Marks)
SELECT name
FROM supplier
WHERE city IN(‘Coimbatore’, ‘chennai’, ‘trichy’);
b) Display the supplier id whose cost is not in the range of 12000 to
15000.
Answer: (2 Marks)
SELECT id
FROM supply
WHERE cost BETWEEN 12000 AND 15000;

ii) K2
c) Concatenate the part name and part description separated by * using (6 CO
alternate quote. ) 2
Answer: (3 Marks)
SELECT pname || q ‘[*]’ || pdescription
FROM Parts;
 d) Find the part name whose pno is 110 or 119.
Answer: (3 Marks)
SELECT pname
FROM Parts
WHERE pno=110 OR pno=119;

iii)
e) Find the part name which doesn't have any part description. K2
Answer: (3 Marks)
SELECT pname (6 CO
FROM Parts ) 2
WHERE pdescription IS NULL;

f) Display the supplier name whose city is not Chennai and Trichy.
Answer: (3 Marks)
SELECT name
FROM supplier
WHERE city NOT IN(‘Chennai’,’Trichy’);

8 Give the details for the following: CO K1

i) Advantages of DBMS (8 1
)
Compared to the File Based Data Management System,
Database Management System has many advantages. Some
of these advantages are given below −
Reducing Data Redundancy
The file based data management systems contained multiple files that were
stored in many different locations in a system or even across multiple systems.
Because of this, there were sometimes multiple copies of the same file which
lead to data redundancy.
This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any change in it
is reflected immediately. Because of this, there is no chance of encountering
duplicate data.
Sharing of Data
In a database, the users of the database can share the data among themselves.
There are various levels of authorisation to access the data, and consequently
the data can only be shared based on the correct authorisation protocols being
followed.
Many remote users can also access the database simultaneously and share the
data between themselves.
Data Integrity
Data integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the database.
Data Integrity is very important as there are multiple databases in a DBMS. All
of these databases contain data that is visible to multiple users. So it is necessary
to ensure that the data is correct and consistent in all the databases and for all
the users.
Data Security
 Data Security is vital concept in a database. Only authorised users should be
allowed to access the database and their identity should be authenticated using a
username and password. Unauthorised users should not be allowed to access the
database under any circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints.
Privacy
The privacy rule in a database means only the authorized users can access a
database according to its privacy constraints. There are levels of database access
and a user can only view the data he is allowed to. For example - In social
networking sites, access constraints are different for different accounts a user
may want to access.
Backup and Recovery
Database Management System automatically takes care of backup and recovery.
The users don't need to backup data periodically because this is taken care of by
the DBMS. Moreover, it also restores the database after a crash or system
failure to its previous condition.
Data Consistency
Data consistency is ensured in a database because there is no data redundancy.
All data appears consistently across the database and the data is same for all the
users viewing the database. Moreover, any changes made to the database are
immediately reflected to all the users and there is no data inconsistency.
ii)Alternate Key with Example (4
Answer: )
ALTERNATE KEYS is a column or group of columns in a table that uniquely
identify every row in that table. A table can have multiple choices for a primary
key but only one can be set as the primary key. All the keys which are not
primary key are called an Alternate Key.
Example:
In this table, StudID, Roll No, Email are qualified to become a primary key. But
since StudID is the primary key, Roll No, Email becomes the alternative key.

iii) Candidate Key and its properties

Answer:
CANDIDATE KEY is a set of attributes that uniquely identify tuples in a table.
Candidate Key is a super key with no repeated attributes. The Primary key (4
should be selected from the candidate keys. Every table must have at least a )
single candidate key. A table can have multiple candidate keys but only a single
primary key.
Properties of Candidate key:
● It must contain unique values

● Candidate key may have multiple attributes

● Must not contain null values
● It should contain minimum fields to ensure uniqueness
● Uniquely identify each record in a table
9 Consider the following schemas:
Sailors (sid, sname, rating, age)
Reserves (sid, bid, day)
 Boats (bid, bname, color)
Write the following queries in relational algebra, tuple relational Calculus and
domain relational calculus:
i) (4 CO K2
a) Find the boat name of sailors who have reserved boat 103. ) 2
Answer : ( 2Marks)
SELECT bname
FROM boats
WHERE bid=103;

b) Display the names and ages of sailors with a rating between 7 to 10.
Answer : ( 2Marks)
SELECT sname,age
FROM sailors
WHERE rating BETWEEN 7 AND 10;

ii) K2
c) Select the Boat id where the boat colour is red. (6 CO
Answer : ( 3Marks) ) 2
SELECT bid
FROM boats
WHERE color=’red’;

d) Find the sid, bid, and day for each reservation.

Answer : ( 3Marks)
SELECT sid,bid,day
FROM reserves
WHERE bid IS NOT NULL;

iii) K2
e) Display the name of sailors whose age is above 20.
Answer : ( 3Marks) (6 CO
SELECT sname ) 2
FROM sailors
WHERE age>20;

f) Display the boat names where colour is not black, brown and Blue.
Answer : ( 3Marks)
SELECT bname
FROM boats
WHERE color NOT IN(‘black’,’brown’,’Blue’);

10 i) Write an SQL query 0 CO K2

a) Display the names of the employees who are not working as Salesman or 8 2
Clerk or Analyst.
Answer: (2 Marks)
SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE job_id NOT IN (‘Salesman’, ‘Clerk’, ‘Analyst’);
b) Display the list of employees who have joined the company before 30-JUN-
90 or after 31-DEC-90.
Answer: (2 Marks)
 SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE hire_date < ‘30-JUN-90’ OR hire_date > ‘31-DEC-90’;
c) Display the names of the employees who are not working as MANAGERS.
Answer: (2 Marks)
SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL;
d) Fetch unique values of department from worker table and sort them in
descending order..
Answer: (2 Marks)
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM employees
ORDER BY DESC;
ii) Formulate an SQL query 0 CO K2
a) Display the names of employees working in depart number 10 or 20 or 40 8 2
or employees working as CLERKS, SALARYESMAN or ANALYST.
Answer: (3 Marks)
SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(10,20,40) OR jobid IN(‘CLERKS’,
‘SALARYESMAN’, ‘ANALYST’);
b) Display the names of employees whose names have second alphabet ‘a’ in
their names.
Answer: (3 Marks)
SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE first_name LIKE ‘_a%’
c) Display all tables that accessible by current user.
Answer: (2 Marks)
SELECT * FROM tab;
11 Construct the ER diagram for the following Hotel database. 1 CO K2
SunRise hotel is located in Palm Beach. The hotel office management 6 3
maintains a detailed list of the rooms and special services offered, as well as a
database of employees and customers. Keeping a detailed database of the
rooms, facilitates the management of the hotel’s everyday activities. The hotel
keeps the following information about each customer: social security number,
name, and address.
For every room, the following information is recorded: room identification
number, location (first floor, second floor, etc.), status (available or not
available), rate, and room type (regular or luxurious).
The hotel offers special services to customers, if requested. For the special
services, the following information is recorded: identification number, rate, and
service type.
A customer may occupy exactly one room, and a room may be occupied by
more than one customer as long as there is no overlap. Additionally, a customer
may use more than one special service. Make suitable assumptions for the
remaining relationships.
Answer:
12 In Gandhigram Rural University, Environmental Sciences department has 1 CO K2
planned to organize a conference on “Global Warming and Green Revolution” 6 3
on 15th September 2016.The Department Professors and students made plan for
making the conference success. For taking the concept to the uneducated
farmers they planned for an awareness camp. The objective of awareness camp
is the usage of natural fertilizers. Recently Dr.Emily of Atlanta researcher in
global warming published an article on “Global Warming and Green
Revolution” .She is invited as chief guest for the conference. Other departments
like Management,Sociology,Geography,NSS and Literature joined to support
the conference for taking the idea to farmers. Conference registration team has
created database containing
Candidatename,age,address,phoneno,participant/Presentor,College and
Staff/Student.
Chief Guest Dr.Emily details are maintained in a database by the university.She
proposed a plan of stay in South India for one year to do research and to make
agriculture reformation.She asked farmer details (Farmer name, land details,
Soil nature) of Theni District, Tamilnadu for an analysis.Dr.Emily planned for a
camp in villages in theni district to create awareness on creating natural
fertilizers and to avoid chemical fertilizers.She is having a database of chemical
fertilizers with its chemical compositions (name,Composition,Effects in
Soil) .and a list of natural fertilizers that is to be related to the farmers.
Conference Participants also joined for volunteering the Green Revolution camp
along with university and Dr.Emily.Identify the entities, attributes in the above
scenario and Construct an ER Diagram.
Entities: Admin,Crop,Seed,Fertilizer,Cropallocation,Warehouse
Attributes:
Admin: userid,password
Crop: cropid,cname,quantity
Warehouse: warehouse_id,wname,totalcapacity
Fertilizer:fertilizer_id,fname,frate,quantity,userforcrop
Seed:seedid,sname,type,category,rate
Crop allocation:cquantity,cname,cropid,wcapacity,wname,warehouse_id
13 Identify the data model from the given diagram and Explain 8 CO K1
i) 1

Hierarchical model:

The hierarchical data model organizes data in a tree structure. There is a

hierarchy of parent and child data segments. This structure implies that a record
can have repeating information, generally in the child data segments. Data in a
series of records, which have a set of field values attached to it. It collects all the
instances of a specific record together as a record type. These record types are
the equivalent of tables in the relational model, and with the individual records
being the equivalent of rows. To create links between these record types, the
hierarchical model uses Parent Child Relationships. These are a 1:N mapping
between record types. This is done by using trees, like set theory used in the
relational model, For example, an organization might store information about an
employee, such as name, employee number, department, salary. The
organization might also store information about an employee's children, such as
name and date of birth. The employee and children data forms a hierarchy,
where the employee data represents the parent segment and the children data
represents the child segment. If an employee has three children, then there
would be three child segments associated with one employee segment. In a
hierarchical database the parent-child relationship is one too many.
 ii) 8 K1
CO
1

Object Oriented Model:

Object oriented data model is based upon real world situations. These situations
are represented as objects, with different attributes. All these object have
multiple relationships between them.
Elements of Object oriented data model
Objects
The real world entities and situations are represented as objects in the Object
oriented database model.
Attributes and Method
Every object has certain characteristics. These are represented using Attributes.
The behaviour of the objects is represented using Methods.
Class
Similar attributes and methods are grouped together using a class. An object can
be called as an instance of the class.
Inheritance
A new class can be derived from the original class. The derived class contains
attributes and methods of the original class as well as its own.

14 Construct a complete Entity Relationship diagram that captures the following 1 CO K2

information about the UPS system. 6 3
(i) Shipped items are important parts of the UPS product tracking
information system. Shipped items can be characterized by item
number (unique), weight, dimensions, insurance amount, destination,
and final delivery date. (5Marks)
(ii) Shipped items are received into the UPS system at a single retail
center. Retail centers are characterized by their type, uniqueID, and
address. (5 Marks)
(iii) Shipped items make their way to their destination via one or more
standard UPS transportation. These transportation events are
characterized by a unique scheduleNumber, a type(like flight, truck)
and a deliveryRoute. (6 Marks)

Answer :
15 Assume in a university 1 CO K3
i)(5 Marks) 6 1
● There are multiple libraries and each library has multiple student
members
● Students can become members to multiple libraries by paying
appropriate membership fee.
ii) (5 Marks)

● Each library has its own set of books. Within the library these books are
identified by a unique number
● Students can borrow multiple books from subscribed library

iii) (6 Marks)
● Students can order books using inter-library loan. This can be useful if a
student wishes to borrow books from a library where s/he is not a
member. The
● student orders the books through a library where s/he is a member
Draw the ER model for the university database system and transform it into
physical database design.