Future of Artificial Intelligence

Undoubtedly, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a revolutionary field of computer

science, which is ready to become the main component of various emerging
technologies like big data, robotics, and IoT. It will continue to act as a
technological innovator in the coming years. In just a few years, AI has become a
reality from fantasy. Machines that help humans with intelligence are not just in
sci-fi movies but also in the real world. At this time, we live in a world of Artificial
Intelligence that was just a story though for some years.

We are using AI technology in our daily lives either unknowingly or knowingly,

and somewhere it has become a part of our life. Ranging from Alexa/Siri to
Chatbots, everyone is carrying AI in their daily routine. The development and
evolution of this technology are happening at a rapid pace. However, it was not
as smooth and easy as it seemed to us. It has taken several years and lots of hard
work & contributions of various people to take AI at this stage. Being so
revolutionary technology, AI also deals with many controversies about its future
and impact on Human beings. It may be dangerous, but also a great opportunity.
AI will be deployed to enhance both defensive and offensive cyber operations.
Additionally, new means of cyber-attack will be invented to take advantage of
particular vulnerabilities of AI technology.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) at Present

Before going deep dive into AI in future, first, let's understand what is Artificial
Intelligence and at what stage it is at present. We can define AI as, "It is the
ability of machines or computer-controlled robot to perform task that are
associated with intelligence." So, AI is computer science, which aims to develop
intelligent machines that can mimic human behavior

Based on capabilities, AI can be divided into three types that are:

o Narrow AI: It is capable of completing dedicated tasks with intelligence.

The current stage of AI is narrow AI.

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 o General AI: Artificial General Intelligence or AGI defines the machines that
can show human intelligence.
o Super AI: Super AI refers to self-aware AI with cognitive abilities that
surpass that of humans. It is a level where machines can do any task that a
human can do with cognitive properties.

Healthcare:

AI will play a vital role in the healthcare sector for diagnosing diseases quickly
and more accurately. New drug discovery will be faster and cost-effective with
the help of AI. It will also enhance the patient engagement in their care and also
make ease appointment scheduling, bill paying, with fewer errors. However,
apart from these beneficial uses, one great challenge of AI in healthcare is to
ensure its adoption in daily clinical practices.

Cyber security:

Undoubtedly, cyber security is a priority of each organization to ensure data

security. There are some predictions that cyber security with AI will have below
changes:

o With AI tools, security incidents will be monitored.

o Identification of the origin of cyber-attacks with NLP.
o Automation of rule-based tasks and processes with the help of RPA bots.

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However, being a great technology, it can also be used as a threat by attackers.
They can use AI in a non-ethical way by using automated attacks that may be
intangible to defend.

Transportation:

The fully autonomous vehicle is not yet developed in the transportation sector,
but researchers are reaching in this field. AI and machine learning are being
applied in the cockpit to help reduce workload, handle pilot stress and fatigue,
and improve on-time performance. There are several challenges to the adoption
of AI in transportation, especially in areas of public transportation. There's a great
risk of over-dependence on automatic and autonomous systems.

E-commerce:

Artificial Intelligence will play a vital role in the e-commerce sector shortly. It will
positively impact each aspect of the e-commerce sector, ranging from user
experience to marketing and distribution of products. We can expect e-
commerce with automated warehouse and inventory, shopper personalization,
and the use of chatbots in future.

Employment:

Nowadays, employment has become easy for job seekers and simple for
employers due to the use of Artificial Intelligence. AI has already been used in the
job search market with strict rules and algorithms that automatically reject an
employee's resume if it does not fulfil the requirement of the company. It is
hoping that the employment process will be driven by most AI-enabled
applications ranging from marking the written interviews to telephonic rounds in
the future.

For jobseekers, various AI applications are helping build awesome resumes and
find the best job as per your skills, such as Rezi, Jobseeker, etc.

Types of Artificial Intelligence:

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AI type-1: Based on Capabilities
1. Weak AI or Narrow AI:
o Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with
intelligence.The most common and currently available AI is Narrow AI in
the world of Artificial Intelligence.
o Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only
trained for one specific task. Hence it is also termed as weak AI. Narrow AI
can fail in unpredictable ways if it goes beyond its limits.
o Apple Siriis a good example of Narrow AI, but it operates with a limited
pre-defined range of functions.
o IBM's Watson supercomputer also comes under Narrow AI, as it uses an
Expert system approach combined with Machine learning and natural
language processing.
o Some Examples of Narrow AI are playing chess, purchasing suggestions on
e-commerce site, self-driving cars, speech recognition, and image
recognition.
o Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with
intelligence. The most common and currently available AI is Narrow AI in
the world of Artificial Intelligence.
o Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only
trained for one specific task. Hence it is also termed as weak AI. Narrow AI
can fail in unpredictable ways if it goes beyond its limits.
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 o Apple Sirii a good example of Narrow AI, but it operates with a limited pre-
defined range of functions.
o IBM's Watson supercomputer also comes under Narrow AI, as it uses an
Expert system approach combined with Machine learning and natural
language processing.
o Some Examples of Narrow AI are playing chess, purchasing suggestions on
e-commerce site, self-driving cars, speech recognition, and image
recognition.

. General AI:
o General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any intellectual
task with efficiency like a human.
o The idea behind the general AI to make such a system which could be
smarter and think like a human by its own.
o Currently, there is no such system exist which could come under general AI
and can perform any task as perfect as a human.
o The worldwide researchers are now focused on developing machines with
General AI.
o As systems with general AI are still under research, and it will take lots of
efforts and time to develop such systems.

3. Super AI:
o Super AI is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which machines could
surpass human intelligence, and can perform any task better than human
with cognitive properties. It is an outcome of general AI.
o Some key characteristics of strong AI include capability include the ability
to think, to reason,solve the puzzle, make judgments, plan, learn, and
communicate by its own.
o Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of Artificial Intelligence.
Development of such systems in real is still world changing task.

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Artificial Intelligence type-2: Based on functionality
1. Reactive Machines
o Purely reactive machines are the most basic types of Artificial Intelligence.
o Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future
actions.
o These machines only focus on current scenarios and react on it as per
possible best action.
o IBM's Deep Blue system is an example of reactive machines.
o Google's AlphaGo is also an example of reactive machines.

2. Limited Memory
o Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a
short period of time.
o These machines can use stored data for a limited time period only.
o Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of Limited Memory systems.
These cars can store recent speed of nearby cars, the distance of other cars,
speed limit, and other information to navigate the road.

3. Theory of Mind
o Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions, people, beliefs,
and be able to interact socially like humans.

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 o This type of AI machines are still not developed, but researchers are
making lots of efforts and improvement for developing such AI machines.

4. Self-Awareness
o Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will
be super intelligent, and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, and
self-awareness.
o These machines will be smarter than human mind.
o Self-Awareness AI does not exist in reality still and it is a hypothetical
concept.

Agent Environment in AI

An environment is everything in the world which surrounds the agent, but it is

not a part of an agent itself. An environment can be described as a situation in
which an agent is present.

The environment is where agent lives, operate and provide the agent with
something to sense and act upon it. The agent takes input from the environment
through sensors and delivers the output to the environment through actuators.

Agents in Artificial Intelligence

An AI system can be defined as the study of the rational agent and its
environment. The agents sense the environment through sensors and act on their
environment through actuators. An AI agent can have mental properties such as
knowledge, belief, intention, etc.

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What is an Agent?

An agent can be anything that perceive its environment through sensors and act
upon that environment through actuators. An Agent runs in the cycle
of perceiving, thinking, and acting. Agents are the entities that perceive their
environment and take actions to achieve specific goals. These agents exhibit
diverse behaviors and capabilities, ranging from simple reactive responses to
sophisticated decision-making.

In artificial intelligence, an agent is a computer program or system that is

designed to perceive its environment, make decisions and take actions to achieve
a specific goal or set of goals. The agent operates autonomously, meaning it is
not directly controlled by a human operator.
Agents can be classified into different types based on their characteristics, such
as whether they are reactive or proactive, whether they have a fixed or dynamic
environment, and whether they are single or multi-agent systems.
 Reactive agents are those that respond to immediate stimuli from their
environment and take actions based on those stimuli. Proactive agents, on the
other hand, take initiative and plan ahead to achieve their goals. The
environment in which an agent operates can also be fixed or dynamic. Fixed
environments have a static set of rules that do not change, while dynamic
environments are constantly changing and require agents to adapt to new
situations.
 Multi-agent systems involve multiple agents working together to achieve a
common goal. These agents may have to coordinate their actions and
communicate with each other to achieve their objectives. Agents are used in a
variety of applications, including robotics, gaming, and intelligent systems.
They can be implemented using different programming languages and
techniques, including machine learning and natural language processing.

Hence the world around us is full of agents such as thermostat, cellphone,

camera, and even we are also agents.

Before moving forward, we should first know about sensors, effectors, and
actuators.

Sensor: Sensor is a device which detects the change in the environment and
sends the information to other electronic devices. An agent observes its
environment through sensors.

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Actuators: Actuators are the component of machines that converts energy into
motion. The actuators are only responsible for moving and controlling a system.
An actuator can be an electric motor, gears, rails, etc.

Effectors: Effectors are the devices which affect the environment. Effectors can
be legs, wheels, arms, fingers, wings, fins, and display screen.

An intelligent agent is an autonomous entity which act upon an environment

using sensors and actuators for achieving goals. An intelligent agent may learn
from the environment to achieve their goals. A thermostat is an example of an
intelligent agent.

Following are the main four rules for an AI agent:

o Rule 1: An AI agent must have the ability to perceive the environment.

o Rule 2: The observation must be used to make decisions.
o Rule 3: Decision should result in an action.
o Rule 4: The action taken by an AI agent must be a rational action.

Structure of an AI Agent

To understand the structure of Intelligent Agents, we should be familiar

with Architecture and Agent programs. Architecture is the machinery that the
agent executes on. It is a device with sensors and actuators, for example, a
robotic car, a camera, and a PC. An agent program is an implementation of an
agent function. An agent function is a map from the percept sequence(history of
all that an agent has perceived to date) to an action.

Agent = Architecture + Agent Program

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There are many examples of agents in artificial intelligence. Here are a few:
 Intelligent personal assistants: These are agents that are designed to help
users with various tasks, such as scheduling appointments, sending messages,
and setting reminders. Examples of intelligent personal assistants include Siri,
Alexa, and Google Assistant.
 Autonomous robots: These are agents that are designed to operate
autonomously in the physical world. They can perform tasks such as cleaning,
sorting, and delivering goods. Examples of autonomous robots include the
Roomba vacuum cleaner and the Amazon delivery robot.
 Gaming agents: These are agents that are designed to play games, either
against human opponents or other agents. Examples of gaming agents
include chess-playing agents and poker-playing agents.
 Fraud detection agents: These are agents that are designed to detect
fraudulent behavior in financial transactions. They can analyze patterns of
behavior to identify suspicious activity and alert authorities. Examples of fraud
detection agents include those used by banks and credit card companies.
 Traffic management agents: These are agents that are designed to manage
traffic flow in cities. They can monitor traffic patterns, adjust traffic lights, and
reroute vehicles to minimize congestion. Examples of traffic management
agents include those used in smart cities around the world.
 A software agent has Keystrokes, file contents, received network packages
that act as sensors and displays on the screen, files, and sent network packets
acting as actuators.
 A Human-agent has eyes, ears, and other organs which act as sensors, and
hands, legs, mouth, and other body parts act as actuators.
 A Robotic agent has Cameras and infrared range finders which act as sensors
and various motors act as actuators.

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